INTERNATIONAL INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONSORGANISATIONS

GATT AND WTOGATT AND WTO

WHAT ARE WHAT ARE INTERNATIONAL INTERNATIONAL

ORGANISATIONS?ORGANISATIONS?

1.1. An International organisation is an An International organisation is an organisation with international organisation with international membership,scope or presencemembership,scope or presence

2.2. They are legally constituted entities They are legally constituted entities that operate across several nationsthat operate across several nations

INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION1.1. Bretton woods-1944 post-world war Bretton woods-1944 post-world war

2 treaty to regulate monetary units 2 treaty to regulate monetary units and to prevent the kind of monetory and to prevent the kind of monetory chaos which led to International chaos which led to International disputes and wardisputes and war

2.2. The US has been acknowledged The US has been acknowledged power in this grouppower in this group

3.3. IT then ultimately bring the IT then ultimately bring the economy in a secured positioneconomy in a secured position

GATTGATT GATT Agreement formed in 1947 GATT Agreement formed in 1947

as a part of the Bretton woods as a part of the Bretton woods agreement. GATT set up a series agreement. GATT set up a series of negotiating rounds to reduce of negotiating rounds to reduce gradually and eliminate quotas, gradually and eliminate quotas, duties and tariffsduties and tariffs

In effect it had been In effect it had been accomplished by the late 1980saccomplished by the late 1980s

WTOWTO

1.1. WTO was established on 1WTO was established on 1stst January,1995.January,1995.

2.2. The WTO is the embodiment of The WTO is the embodiment of the Uruguay round results and the Uruguay round results and the successor to the GATTthe successor to the GATT

OBJECTIVES OF OBJECTIVES OF WTOWTO

1.1. Raising standard of livings and Raising standard of livings and incomesincomes

2.2. Introduce sustainable Introduce sustainable developmentdevelopment

3.3. Taking positive steps in case of Taking positive steps in case of LDC sLDC s

FUNCTIONSFUNCTIONS1.1. Administering and implementing Administering and implementing

the multilateral and plurilateral the multilateral and plurilateral trade agreementstrade agreements

2.2. Implementation of tariff cuts and Implementation of tariff cuts and non tariff barriers. non tariff barriers.

3.3. Seeking to resolve disputesSeeking to resolve disputes

4.4. Overseeing national trade policiesOverseeing national trade policies

5. Cooperating with other International 5. Cooperating with other International Organization Organization

6. Maintaining trade related database.6. Maintaining trade related database.

7. Acting as a watchdog of 7. Acting as a watchdog of International tradeInternational trade

8. Acting as a management consultant8. Acting as a management consultant

9. Technical assistance and training9. Technical assistance and training

STRUCTURESTRUCTURE1.1. It is dominated by the Authority-It is dominated by the Authority-

MINISTERIAL CONFERENCEMINISTERIAL CONFERENCE

2.2. It meets every two years and is It meets every two years and is empowered to make decisionsempowered to make decisions

3.3. GENERAL COUNCILGENERAL COUNCIL

-The councils for Trade in goods-The councils for Trade in goods

-Trade in Services-Trade in Services

PRINCIPALSPRINCIPALS1.1. TRANSPARENCYTRANSPARENCY

2.2. MFN TREATMENTMFN TREATMENT

3.3. NATIONAL TREATMENTNATIONAL TREATMENT

4.4. FREE TRADE PRINCIPLEFREE TRADE PRINCIPLE

5. DISMANTLING TRADE BARRIERS5. DISMANTLING TRADE BARRIERS

6. RULE BASED TRADING SYSTEM6. RULE BASED TRADING SYSTEM

7. TREATMENT FOR LDCs7. TREATMENT FOR LDCs

8. COMPETITION PRINCIPLE8. COMPETITION PRINCIPLE

9. ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION9. ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION

KEY SUBJECTSKEY SUBJECTS1.1. AgricultureAgriculture

2.2. Health and safety measuresHealth and safety measures

3.3. Helping LDCsHelping LDCs

4.4. Textile and clothingTextile and clothing

5.5. TRIPSTRIPS

6.6. TRIMSTRIMS

GATT & WTOGATT & WTO1.1. -GATT has no institutional -GATT has no institutional

foundationfoundation -WTO is a permanent institution-WTO is a permanent institution2. -GATT-On a provisional basis 2. -GATT-On a provisional basis -The WTO Commitments are -The WTO Commitments are

full and permanentfull and permanent3. -The WTO Dispute Settlement is 3. -The WTO Dispute Settlement is

faster than GATTfaster than GATT

CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION Thus the creation of such Thus the creation of such

INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONS INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONS Marked the biggest reform of Marked the biggest reform of international tradeinternational trade

It serves as a major purpose as a It serves as a major purpose as a rule making body for trade rule making body for trade liberalisationliberalisation

THANKING THANKING YOUYOU