DHAN Foundation Annual Report 2012.pdf
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Transcript of DHAN Foundation Annual Report 2012.pdf
Building Sustainable Livelihoods
HAN Foundation works to make significant changes Din the livelihoods of the poor through building scalable, cost effective and sustainable development themes for self-reliance. Keeping innovation as its core value, DHAN continues to evolve and nurture new ideas in development that can impact the lives and livelihoods of the poor on a large scale. Kalanjiam model of community banking by and for the poor women, Vayalagam model of tank-fed agriculture development, rain-fed farming development, coastal conservation livelihoods, communication and information technology for development and working with Panchayats are the development themes nurtured by DHAN over the last two decades. Climate change adaptation, migration, youth and development are the new themes being piloted now. Health, education and tourism have emerged as cross-cutting themes to augment the development brought by all the existing programmes. A common thread that binds all these themes is livelihood promotion. DHAN has observed 2011-12 as 'Year of livelihoods' to look closely at the impact that it has created on the livelihoods of the one million poor households organised by it, consolidate its experiences in livelihood interventions, and initiate the process of strategizing its livelihood approach with its experience at the ground.
Livelihood Matters
Annual Report 2012DHAN Foundation
DHAN Foundation (Development of Humane Action)
18, Pillaiyar Koil Street, S.S. ColonyMadurai 625 016. Tamil Nadu, INDIA.Tel: +91 452 2610794 / 805, Fax: 2602247 Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.dhan.org
DHAN FoundationMadurai
Annual Report 2012
Contents 5 Abbreviations&Acronyms
7 IntroductiontoDHANFoundation
11 LivelihoodMatters 35 AnnualReport2012-Perspectives, Principles and Practices of DHAN Foundation 39 Kalanjiam Community Banking Programme 48 Vayalagam Tankfed Agriculture Development Programme 55 Coastal Conservation and Livelihoods Programme 61 Tata-Dhan Academy 65 Rainfed Farming Development Programme 68 Communication and Information Technology for Development Programme 71 Working with Panchayats Programme 75 Tourism for Development 77 Centres for Integration
85 Impact
113 MaduraiSymposium
125 FinancialStatements
138 RecognitionstoDHAN’sWorks
140 Acknowledgement
144 BoardofTrustees
147 DHANFoundation-Addresses
ACEDRR AdvancedCentreforEnablingDisasterRiskReduction
ASKMI AdvancedCentreforSkillandKnowledgeonMutualInsurance
BCC BehaviourChangeCommunication
CALL CoastalConservationandLivelihoods
CDA ClusterDevelopmentAssociation
CIT4D CommunicationandInformationTechnologyforDevelopment
CURE CentreforUrbanWaterResources
DEWATS DecentralisedWastewaterTreatmentSystems
DHAN DevelopmentofHumaneAction
DPA DHANPeopleAcademy
DRC DHANResourceCentre
JnNURM JawaharlalNehruNationalUrbanRenewalMission
JSYS JalaSamvardhaneYojanaSangha
KAMPCOL KalanjiamMilkProducersCompanyLimited
KDFS KalanjiamDevelopmentFinancialServices
KRCH KalanjiamReproductiveandChildHealth
KTL KalanjiumThozhilagamLimited
LIFE LivelihoodInitiativewithFunctionalEducation
MAVIM MahilaArthikVikasMahamandal
MDG MillenniumDevelopmentGoal
MFG MicrofinanceGroup
MGNREGS MahatmaGandhiNationalRuralEmploymentGuaranteeScheme
Abbreviations & Acronyms
NABARD NationalBankforAgricultureandRuralDevelopment
NRM NaturalResourceManagement
NWDPRA NationalWatershedDevelopmentProjectforRainfedAreas
PDM ProgrammeinDevelopmentManagement
PMG PrimaryMarketingGroup
PPG PrimaryProducerGroup
SHG SelfHelpGroup
SUHAM SustainableHealthcareAdvancement
TDA Tata-DhanAcademy
TFA TankFarmers’Association
VIC VillageInformationCentre
VTADP VayalagamTankfedAgricultureDevelopmentProgramme
VTDC VillageTourismDevelopmentCommittee
WASH Water,SanitationandHygiene
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Introduction to DHAN FoundationDevelopmentofHumaneAction(DHAN) Foundation,aprofessionaldevelopmentorganisation,wasinitiatedonOctober2,1997.Itbringshighlymotivated,educatedyoungwomenandmentothedevelopmentsector.Theywouldmakenewinnovationsindevelopmenttorootoutpovertyfromthecountry.TheFoundationworkstomakesignificantchangesinthelivelihoodsofthepoorthroughinnovativethemesandinstitutions.
The broad purposes for which DHAN stands are:1. Mothering of Development Innovations:The
institutionintendstopromoteandnurturenewideasondevelopmentthemes,suchasmicrofinance,smallscaleirrigation,drylandagriculture,andworkingwithPanchayatswhichcanimpactonpovertyinasignificantmanner.
2. Promoting Institutions to reach scale: Exclusivethematicorganisationswillbepromotedtotakeupdevelopmentworkwithasub-sectoralfocus.Theprimaryrolewillbetopromoteandensurethatqualitybenefitsreachalargenumberofpoor.
3. Human Resource Development: Theinstitutionwouldbringyoungprofessionalsintothedevelopmentsectorandgivethemanopportunitytopracticeanddeveloprelevantknowledge,attitudesandskillsneededforlongtermwork.
TheprinciplesguidingDHANare1. Engaginghighqualityhumanresourcesto
workatthegrassroots.Thefocuswouldbetoenablethepoor,notdeliverservices.
2. ValuingcollaborationwithmainstreaminstitutionsandGovernmenttodemonstratenewandeffectiveinterventiontolinkthemwiththepeople.
3. Promotingpeople’sorganisationstoensureentitlementsandtobuildaneffectivedemandsystemtopromotepeople’sinterest.
4. Promotinglivelihoodstoaddresstheissuesofpovertydirectly
5. Enrichingthethemesandretainingsub-sectoralfocusasastrategyforgrowth
MISSION“Buildingpeopleandinstitutionsfor
developmentinnovationsandscaling-uptoenablethepoorcommunitiesforpoverty
reductionandself-reliance”
VISION
DHANFoundationisalwaysapioneeringdevelopmentinstitutiontobuildpovertyfree,genderbalanced,equitable,ecologicalsensitive,democratic,justandvaluebasedinclusivesociety.Itcreatesfreedomofchoicetothefamilies,groupsandcommunitytodetermineanddevelopthemeaningoftheirlives,theiridentitiesandtheirlifestylesforthewell-beingoftheirlife.
DHANFoundationopensnewfrontiersforbetterhumanityandwouldbuildscalable,costeffectiveandsustainableinnovationsforself-reliance.
DHANFoundationwillalwaysbeacknowledgedasaleaderininstitutionbuildingforpoverty
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alleviation.Itwouldbetrendsetteringrassrootsdevelopmentwithpeoplegovernanceandmanagement.
Itwillbeoccupyingitslegitimatespaceinpolicymakingforumstoshapethemacroenvironmenttotherealitiesofgrassrootsandservingdevelopmentcommunitybydisseminatinggoodpractices.Itwillshapethousandsofdevelopmentprofessionalstomakemillionsofpoorlivesdifferentwithdignityandrightlivelihoods.TheDHANFoundationwillfosteralternativeparadigmswithsocialentrepreneurshipandcollectiveleadership.
Itwillberespectedforitsroleinunleashingthepotentialofthepoorandguidingthemthroughtheirmovementsbybuildingnewinstitutionsforachievingsignificance.Itwillpromotenetworks,alliancesondevelopment‘Cause’withrelevantstakeholders–Academia,civilsociety,Government,Businesshouses,Professionalnetworks,Media,Financialinstitutionandotherresourceinstitution–atnational,regionalandglobalenvironment.
VALUES
DHANhasrootedinvalues,suchasGrassrootsaction,Collaboration,Enabling,Innovation,Excellence,andSelf-Regulation.DHANbelievesthatthesevaluesareitscorestrengthneededtorealizeitsVisionandMission.
DEVELOPMENT APPROACH
DHANFoundation’sdevelopmentapproachentailsasystemofinter-linkedcomponents.Thereisathree-waylinkbetweenthematicfocus,socialcapitalandmainstreamcollaborationtopromotesustainabledevelopmentforthepoor.
DHANlayshighemphasisonthematicfocus.Itbuildssocialcapitalbyorganisingtheunorganisedpoorcommunitiesaroundthethemesofwater,microfinance,rainfedfarming,informationandcommunicationtechnologies,andlocalgovernance.LocalisedPeoples’Organisationsarebuiltinurban,rural,tribalandcoastalcontexts.Itisthemostcriticalstepinbuildingthecapabilitiesofthecommunitiestohandlethedevelopmentprocessesanditsoutcomesforensuringtheirentitlementsbyacquiringbargainingpower.
ThesePeoples’Organisationsprovideplatformfornurturinginnovationsatthegrassroots,scaling–downtechnologiesandcontextualisingthosetechnologiesforaddressingtheissuesofpoverty,whicharehighlycomplexandcontextual.
Thethirdfactor,themainstreamcollaborationiscriticalforcreatingenablingenvironmentfortheothertwofactorstoperform.ThethematicinstitutionscontinuouslybuildthecapacitiesofthePeople’sOrganisationsbuiltaroundtheparticularthemetobringrelevantmainstreamdevelopmentinstitutions,bothprivateandpublicinstitutionsclosertothecommunities.TheyevolveandnurturetheprincipleofsustainablepartnershipbetweenthePeople’sOrganisationsandthemainstreaminstitutions.ThecollaborationprocesseducatesbothPeople’sOrganisationsandmainstreaminstitutionsabouttheirrolesandresponsibilitiesinsustainingtheircollaborations.
Conceptually,theinteractionamongthesethreefactorsputtheprimaryinstitutionsatthecentre,whichareidealplatformsforpracticingparticipatorydemocracyandensuringcollectiveempowerment.
DHANplaysapromotionalroleininitiatingatheme,buildingPeoples’Organisationsaroundthem,establishinglinkageswithmainstreaminstitutionsandsustainingthem.Thepromotionalrolekeepsevolvingoveraperiod.Asthelocalcapacityisbuilt,therolesgettransferredtopeople.SimultaneouslyDHANasamotheringinstitutionpromotesthematicorganisationsassubsidiariestoupscalethematuredthemestocontinuethepromotionalroletosustainthePeoples’Organisationsinthespecifictheme.Thethematicinstitutionswouldtakeuptheworkofupscalinganddeepeningofthethemes.
BuildingSocialCapital(OrganisingtheUnorganised)
ThematicFocus(Downscaling
developmenttechnology)
MainstreamCollaboration
(Enablingenvironment)
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DHAN Collective
DHANFoundationanditsinstitutionsformtheDHANCollective.Itistonurtureandpreservethecultureofcollegiality,mutualityandsolidarity.Sharedpurpose,corevaluesandresources(human,financialandphysicalresources)bindtheinstitutionsofDHANCollective.DHANFoundationasthemotheringinstitutionwouldguide,supportandregulateitsfamilyinstitutionsontheirmission,policies,strategiesandvalues.Eachinstitutionwoulddefineits‘ownunique’space.
TheKalanjiamCommunityBankingProgramme,oneofDHANFoundation’spioneeringinitiatives
anditsfirstinstitution,hasevolvedintoaninstitution,the‘KalanjiamFoundation’,totakeupthepromotionalrole.Itwouldscale-upthethemeofKalanjiamCommunityBankingandguidethepeopleinstitutions.VayalagamTankfedAgricultureDevelopmentProgrammehasevolvedintotheVayalagamFoundationtoworkonthethemeofconservationanddevelopmentofsmallscalewaterbodiesandstabilisethelivelihoodsofthefarmersdependentonthem.TheTata-DhanAcademywouldbepromotedinthecomingyearasthenextthematicinstitution.Manysuchinstitutionswouldemergeincourseoftime–efficient,excellentandwithunquestionedintegrity–intheDHANCollectiveofinstitutions.
Livelihood Matters
Perspectives, Principles and Practices of DHAN Collective
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Livelihood MattersPerspectives, Principles and Practices of DHAN Collective
DHANworkstomakesignificantchangesinthelivelihoodsofthepoorthroughbuildingscalable,costeffectiveandsustainabledevelopmentprogrammesforself-reliance.DHANasamotheringinstitutionintendstopromoteandnurturenewideasindevelopmentandscalethemuptobenefitpoorandmarginalisedcommunities.DHANasaHRDinstitutionattractssociallyconcernedprofessionals,groomsandplacesthemingrassrootsdevelopmentworktomakepoorlivesdifferentwithdignityandrightlivelihoods.Theseprofessionalspromotepeople’sorganisationsaroundthelivelihoodthemestoensureentitlementsandtobuildaneffectivedemandsystemtopromotepeople’sinterest.ThePeoples’OrganisationsworkincollaborationwithmainstreaminstitutionsandGovernmenttodemonstratenewandeffectiveinterventionandtoimpacttheirpoliciesandpractices.
Thereasonsforpovertyaredynamicandcomplex.Thepoorarecharacterizedbyinadequateaccesstoassets,inadequateincomeinfluencedbyseasonality,poornourishmentresultingpoorhealthcondition,exposedtorisksassociatedwiththeirlivesandlivelihoods.Theyareconstrainedseverelyandseverallybylackofaccesstoresources,entitlementsmeantforthemareoftenbeyondtheircomprehensionandtheirreach.Theyhavebeenchronicallykeptawayfromthemainstreamfinancialservicesandviewedaspoorcreditworthy.Theyareunorganised,sociallyand
economicallymarginalised,liveintheperipheriesanddonothavesayoverthemattersaffectingthem.Theviciouscycleofpoverty,unlessintervened,wouldperpetuatebeyondgenerations.
PovertyreductionistheoverarchinggoalofDHANFoundation.DHAN’sdevelopmentthemesareultimatelyaimedatmakingthepoorandvulnerablecommunitiestocomeoutofpovertyandachieveself-reliance.DHANinitiatesanexclusivethemeandevolvesareplicableandadaptablecommunityorganisationmodelforscalingup.Acommonthreadthatbindsallthethemesisstrongfocusonlivelihoodpromotion.ThereforethepovertyreductionstrategyofDHANaimsatbuildinginstitutionsandcreatinganenablingenvironmentforthepoortoworkonthefactorsthatareaffectingtheirlivesandlivelihoodsdirectly.
DHAN’s Perspectives in addressing the issues of poverty and livelihoods
Local Economy and Livelihoods
DHANisworkingactivelyformorethantwodecadesonlivelihoods.DominantmodelofDHANistoincreasemarketshareofpoorinlocaleconomybyprovidingmicrofinance(savings,credit,insurance)servicestoexistinglivelihoodsactivity,existingmarketandskill;skillbuildingtoincreasetheproductivityoftheir
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activitiesandrelevanttechnology(pro-poor).Itisakindofstructuraltransformationinexistinglocaleconomy.Ithasresultedinreducinganderadicatingexploitativepracticesinlocaleconomy,therebypoor-led,poor-drivenlocaleconomyinitiated.Labouristheprimaryfactorofproductioninthiskindofmodel.ThereisaslackorgapinpoorsegmentandthatwasaddressedinDHANmodel.Itisalsoakindofconservationapproachoflivelihoodsbyarrestingleakagesandexploitation(Affordablefinance,riskmitigationandhealthymarketpractices).
Poorestofpoor(POP)whoareinsurvivallivelihoods,domultipleseasonalactivitiesastheirlivelihoodadaptationstrategyandtheyarehighlyvulnerablewithhighrisksindoingthoselivelihoodactivities.Theyaresubjectedtohighexploitationandpoorlivingcondition.Migrationandmobilityarethecopingmechanismswithwageeconomy.Specialexternaleffortsarerequiredforthemtograduateintonextlevelofsubsistencelivelihoods.Partialwealthcreationistheprimemoveratthisstagetocreateproductiveassets.Packageofseasonalactivitiesarenarrowedtotwoorthreelivelihoodactivities.Landandlivestockbecometheirfactorsofproductionwithwagelabour.Nextsinglefamilylivelihoodactivityemergesasfullself-employmentwithadequateproductiveassetorsecuredsalaryemploymentwithadequateproductiveassetorsecuredsalaryemployment.Itrequiresallfactorsofproduction-land,skilledlabour,capitalforstabilizedfamilyeconomy.Alltheselivelihoodsareconditionedbylocaleconomy.Henceathoroughunderstandingoflocaleconomyisessentialtomap-outdriversofchange,keyplayers,leveloftechnologyandmarketpractices.Graduationoflivelihoodshastotakeplaceinlocaleconomyforstabilityandsustainability.Boundariesofeconomyarebreakingdownandthevirtualmarketaddscomplexitytotheissueofboundary.Adevelopmentprofessionalhastounderstandandquantifythelocaleconomywithdifferenteconomicactivities;connectsthethematicinterventionforgraduatingthelivelihoodswithlocaleconomy;tappingmainstreamresourcestoshapethelocaleconomyandbecomekeydriversofchange.
Family Economy and Livelihoods
Livelihoodsvarywiththestageoffamily.Newlymarriedcouplesareeconomicallyactiveandgenerateandtheirfamilysurplus.Bothcouldearnondifferentactivitiesandtheirfamilyeconomyisgrowingatafasterrate.Iftheylivewithjointfamily,theycouldcontributepositivelyfortheentirefamily.Theywouldenterintoachildbearingandrearingstage.Ittakesawaythelivelihoodcontributionofafamilymember,alsoothertotakecareofherfortimetotime.Thereisgoingtobeahugedeliveryexpenditure,alsonursingcare.Familyeconomygoesthroughastressanditisnotsufficienttomeettheirexpenditure.Socialsecurityisnotadequatetotakecareoftheirhealthexpenditure.Usuallythereisnegativebalanceincashflowoftheeconomy.Ifitisajointfamily,thereisbuffertoabsorbthisrisks,shocksandstress.Familylivelihoodisunderstress.
Thirdstageisveryhighproductivephasewhenchildrenarealsoearningalongwithparents.Duringthisphasefamilyeconomymovesintonextlevelofcreatinghousingandotherassets.Stabilisedfamilylivelihoodsarethefeatureofthisstage.Fourthstageistomarrytheirchildrenandtheymoveintoanucleusfamily.Familylivelihoodsgetdividedorthroughastressphase.Somefamiliesmanagethirdandfourthphasewellandtheydon’tfallintoadebttrapagain.Becauseoffalsepride,somefamiliestakeloantoshow-offandgetintoadeepdebttrap.Livelihoodsgothroughachangeandsometimegobacktounviablesituation.Fifthstageisagedparentswithlowproductiveenergy.Theyneedcareandsocialsecurity.Buttheirexperienceisrichandavailableforyoungerpeople.Pensionwouldprovidestabilityanddignity.
Livelihood enterprises
Manyfamiliesinanarea,aredoingaparticularlivelihoodactivityandconstituteanenterprisebeltsothatlocaleconomygrowswithleaps,resultsinprosperityofthearea.Anyenterpriseshasmanylinkageswithdistinctvalueaddition.Both
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forwardandbackwardlinkagesareessentialforenterprisedevelopment.Itrequiresfewdecadesforitsconstantevolutionandsustainability.Multiplestakeholders-inputsuppliers,credit
providers,technicalservicegivers,processors,wholerangeofmarketingsystemetc.,areinvolvedincreatinglivelihoodenterprisewiththeirinterestandvaluablecontribution.Mappingmultiplestakeholders’roles,responsibilities,rightsandtheirinvestmentarecriticalforbuildingenterprises.Itshapesintocommunitycollectiveenterpriseswithlegalidentityandmarketbrands.Graduatinglivelihoodstoenterprisesisalongtermdevelopmentprocess.ThreeeconomicsareinteractingeachothertobecomeasustainableenterprisethroughaFEELweboflivelihoodsasgiveninFigure.2.
Forinstance,inthedairyinitiativeofDHAN,forgreaterunderstandingofthisconcept,weneedtodefineenterprisean(livelihood)watershedforpromotingtheenterpriseswithnestedinstitutions(depictedinthefollowingfigure)
Duringsocialintermediationphase,PPGandPMGwouldalsobeformedtogroupthemembersonactivitybasis.Theywouldalsoshapetheirexperiencesatproducerassociationatblockleveltoincreasetheirproductivitywithco-learningandexposurevisits.Thisisthememberfoundationstageofenterprises.Scaling-upoftheactivitywouldhappenduringfinancialintermediationphase.Selectedactivitieswouldexpandwithadditionalcapitalfromthebank.Slackorgapofproductionpotentialofeachproducerwould
beaddressedwithtechnicalsupportalongwithcapitalinfusion.Itbecomesactivityfoundationstageofenterprises.Valueadditionwouldbeattemptedtoprocesstheprimaryproducttogetanadditionaleconomicgaintotheproducers.Forexample,gatheredmedicinalplantswouldbeprocessedasmedicinesorcollectedmilkwouldbehomogenizedandpackagedafterpasteurization.Brandingisalsodonetopositiontheproduct.Nowitgraduatestovaluechainandmarketingstageoftheenterprises.Itrequireshugecapitaland
Nested Institution for Livelihood enterprises
(SHG- Self Help Groups; TA-Tank Association; FA-Farmer Association, PPG – Primary Producer Group; PMG- Primary Marketing Group)
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stateofthearttechnicalknow-howtosellinthemarket.Timeisneededtocrosstheawkwardsizeofoperationtobreak-evenwithviablebusinessproposition.Itiscalledgestationperiod.Infactvaluechainstagehastobeinitiatedafter-marketassessmentandassurance.Ithastostartfrommarketend,notfromproductionend.Anotherfeatureofthisthirdstageistodevelopmarketwithdistinctbrand.Competitionwouldteachmanypracticallessonstopositionthebrand.Distinctculture,businessculture,wouldbeestablishedwithcompetenthumanresourcesforthisphase.Enterpriseswouldgeneratesurplustosustaindevelopmentworkwithoutexternalsupport.Letusdevelopmoreandmoreenterprisestoeradicatepovertyandtocontinueourdevelopmentwork.Itisnotgoingtobeeasybutitisnotimpossible.
Phased intermediation
BuildinglocalisedPeoples’OrganisationsformsthefoundationofallthedevelopmentthemesbeingimplementedbyDHAN.ThesePeoples’OrganisationsarebuiltonthethemesofWater,CommunityBanking,Rainfedfarming,ICT,CoastalConservationandtheygraduatethroughdistinctphasesofinstitutionaldevelopment.Fore.g.CommunityorganisingforpovertyreductionbytheCommunityBankingthemeofDHANstartswithsocialIntermediationphase,whereinthepoorwomenareorganisedintoSelfHelpGroups(SHGs)afterathoroughprocessofidentification,formation,evolvingbye-laws,nominatingleadersbyconsensus.ThentheSHGsstartwithsavings,creditandinsurance(financialservices)tothemembers.Membersmeetregularlytointeract,understandeachother,theirneeds,andprioritiesinadditiontotakingupfinancialservices.Thisphasebuildssolidarityandbasicsystemsintheinstitutions.Inthisphasethepoorfamiliesstoporreducetheirdependenceonexploitativemoneylendingsystemtowhichtheywerebondedearlier.
ThenstartsFinancialIntermediationPhase;thoughthefinancialservicesstartinthepreviousphaseitself,theSHGsgetlinkedwithlocalcommercial
bankstomobiliseresourcesformeetinghigheramountsofcreditneedsofitsmembersforstrengtheningexistinglivelihoodsandinitiatingnewlivelihoodactivitiestocomeoutofpoverty.Thepoorfamilieswhoareinsubsistencelevelwillmovetowardsself-employment.IntheLivelihoodIntermediationphase,theNetworkAssociationsofSHGsandFederationsfacilitatebothforwardandbackwardmarketlinkages,collectivebargainingthroughthescaleadvantage.SubsequentlytheSHGsandtheFederationstransformintoCivicInstitutionswithspecialisedinputsandsupporttotakeupeducation,healthcareandvillagedevelopmentneeds.ThisiscalledCivicIntermediationphase.DHAN’sroleofpromotionendshereanditwouldbecomearesourceinstitutionforsupporttotheseCivicInstitutions.Dependingonthecontext,eachphasewouldgofor3-4years.
Whilethebasicsofpromotingpeoplesorganisationssuchasgovernance,democraticpractices,communityownershipandcontrol,localmanagement,soundandtransparentfinancialsystemsandlinkageswithmainstreaminstitutionsforsustainabilityremainsameforallthethemes/programmes,thedesignandimplementationarehighlydecentralisedandadaptedtothelocalcontexts.
Livelihoods to Move People out of Poverty
Thepoorhousehold’schoiceandcontinuityoflivelihoodactivitiesaredependentontheirlevelofvulnerabilityandstageofthefamilylifecycle.Theyaremoreoftenexposedtorisks,whichcauseslossesthatarebeyondtheirmeans.Theyhavediversepriorities,needsandwants.Theytakelivelihooddecisionseithertostaywithaparticularlivelihoodstrategyortoinitiateanewlivelihoodstrategybasedontheirimmediatepersonalandfamilialfactors.Thepoorestofthepoorhouseholdsoptfordiverselivelihoodactivitiesinordertoescapefromthepressingneedsforsurvival.Graduatingthemfromtheirsurvivalstatetomakethemself-employedneedsfocusedinterventions.
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Survival Subsistence Self-employed
State of livelihood Highlyvulnerable Endurancewithlimitedsecurity
Stabilisedandsecured
Nature of Livelihood " Wageearnerswithnoassets
" Uncertainandseasonalemployment
" Burdenedbydebts" Vulnerabletohealthandliferisks
" Oneortwoadditionalsourceswithamainactivity
" Fragileassets" Vulnerabletohealth,lifeandlivelihoodrisks
" Influencedbymarketchanges
" Earningfromownandsingleactivity
" Vulnerabletolifeandlivelihoodrisks
" Influencedbymarketchanges
Livelihood Strategy " Multipleactivities" Borrowingforconsumption
" Migration(permanent)
" Migration(Seasonal)
" Adjustingcashflowswithconsumptioncredit
" Smootheningcashflows
" Reinvestingthesurplus
" Leveragingresources
" Expandingskillsandassets
" Focusingonqualityoflife
Needs " Creditforconsumption
" Insuranceforhealthandlife
" Ensuringaccesstoentitlements
" Arrestingleakages
" Creditforconsumption
" Creditforassetcreationandworkingcapital
" Insuranceforhealth,lifeandassets
" Creatingmarketlinkages
" Creditforexpansion,workingcapital
" Insuranceforhealth,lifeandassets
" Creditforhousing/up-gradation
Livelihoods are contextually defined
Povertyiscomplexandcontextual,soalsothelivelihoodsofpoorhouseholds.Thepoorhouseholds’livelihoodsaredeterminedbythesocio–economiccontextinwhichtheyareliving.Prosperityofaparticularlivelihoodactivityisdependentonaninter–playofamultiplefactorssuchasaccesstoandperformanceofpersonalandpublicassetscriticalfortheirlivelihoods,
availabilityandaccessibilitytomarketandfinancialinstitutions,opportunitiesandthreatsintheexistingvaluechain,mainstreampoliciesandprogrammesthatcouldensurenecessaryinfrastructure,allocations,andcivicentitlements,andalsothemacroenvironmentscenariosuchaschangingglobaleconomicandmarketenvironments,emergingopportunitiesandcrisisinthem.Understandingthecontext,theintrinsicstrengths,weaknesses,opportunitiesand
Status and Graduation of Livelihoods
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constraintsinitareveryimportanttoevolveasustainablelivelihoodinterventionstrategy.DHANoperateinfourdistinctlivelihoodcontexts.Outof10.5millionpoorhouseholdsorganisedbyitin12IndianStates,thedistributionofhouseholdsintherural,urban,coastalandtribalcontextsisgiveninthechart.
Rurallivelihoods
ThedistributionofhouseholdselucidatesthatthreefourthofthefamiliesorganisedbyDHANarelivinginruralcontexts,dependingonagricultureastheirmainsourceofliving.Accesstolandandwaterhasdirectrelevanceonlivelihoodsofthesehouseholdsasfarmingandlivestockaretheirprimarylivelihoodstrategy.Nearlyhalfofthesehouseholdsaredependentonrainfedfarmingfortheirlivelihoods,whichiscomplex,diverseandriskprone,andcharacterizedbylowlevelsofproductivity.Withtheresourcestappedfromthemainstreaminstitutions,thelocalcommunitiesareinvolvedinenhancingtheperformanceofcommonwaterresourcesandcreatingnewwaterharvestingstructures.Throughfocusedinterventions,rainfedfarmingdevelopmentprogrammeworksonenhancingviabilityofrainfedagriculturewithacombinationoflandandalliedactivitiestoimproveproductivity,riskmitigationandsupportforthepoorandlandlesstoacquireland;andpromotelivestockasalivelihoodsupportstrategy.
Urbanlivelihoods
Overninepercentoftheorganisedpoorfamiliesarelivingintheurbanslums.Urbanlivelihoods
strategiesarelargelydependentonsellinglabour,oftenwithintheinformalsectororwithinserviceindustriesoftheformalsector.Livingclosertotheemploymentopportunities,thepooroftenstayinsquattersettlementswithlimitedaccesstocivicservices.Producersandprocessorslocatedclosetocitieshavecomparativeadvantagesofsupplyingtothesemarkets.TheKalanjiamFederationspromotedintheurbanlocationsareaddressingtheneedsofthepoorhouseholdsthroughskillbuilding,creatingaccesstofinancialservices,arrestingincomedrainage,housingandsoon.Ensuringentitlementsmeantfortheurbanpoorisamajorthrustoftheprogrammes.
Coastalandmarinebasedlivelihoods
SevenpercentofthememberfamiliesorganisedbyDHANarelivingincoastalregionsofTamilNaduandAndhraPradesh.DHAN’sengagementwiththecoastalcommunitiesgotintensifiedafterTsunamiin2004.DHANstartedworkingwiththefisher-folkandpeopledependentonmarinebasedlivelihoods.Coastalandmarineareasofferdiverseandabundantlivelihoodopportunities.Thetraditionalandsmallscalefishersarehighlyvulnerableduetodepletingmarineresources,exploitativemarkets,risksanduncertaintiesassociatedwiththework,lackofaccesstoinvestmentandworkingcapital.Supporttothereductionofpressureoncoastalandmarineecosystemsthroughbyenhancinganddiversifyinglivelihoodsandsupportivemarketmechanismsarethecriticalneedsinthiscontext.
Triballivelihoods
Thelivelihoodsecurityoftribalcommunitiesisdeterminedbyforests,landandwater.Understandingthelifestyle,cultureandsocio-economicrealityofthetribalpeople,alsotheiruniquesocialorganisationsarecriticalforcreatingfavorableenvironmentforbuildingsustainablelivelihoodsforthetribes.Sincetheyaredeprivedofhealthandeducationalentitlements,exposedtohighlevelofexploitationbyoutsiders,itneedsanintegratedapproachwithacombinationoffreeingthemfromfinancialbondednessofexploitative
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traders,creatingandstrengtheningforestbasedlivelihoods,waterresourcedevelopmentandbuildinghealthandeducationalservicesfromtheinception.
Holisticandfamilyfocus
Inadditiontocontextualfactors,individualandfamilialfactorshavealargersayoverthelivelihooddecisionsofpoorhouseholds.Thelivelihoodstrategythateachpoorfamilyoptsoutwouldbebasedontheiraccesstoandperformanceoflandandwater(naturalcapital);skillsetstheypossess(humancapital);structuresandmechanismsaidingmutualityandself–help(socialcapital).Thesefactorsareverycriticalforthepoorfamiliestoturnthenaturalresourcesintophysicalassets.Alsotherearearangeofpersonalfactorsshapingtheirlivelihooddecisionsincludingtheirmotivationanddeterminationtoactandacceptchange,cultureandlifestylethatinfluencetheirdecisions,knowledgeandawarenessonthelargerenvironmentthatcanaffecttheirlivelihoods.ThereforeDHANadoptsfamilyfocusedlivelihoodinterventionsthatwouldkeepthedevelopmentgoalofthefamiliesatthecentreandfacilitategroup’seffortandwillingnesstoworkfortheoutcomeoftheirchoice.
Livelihoods of the Members’ Households – A Sectoral View
Asdiscussedearlier,DHAN’sinterventionsarespreadoverfourdistinctcontextssuchasrural,urban,coastalandtribal.ThelivelihoodactivitiestakenupbythememberhouseholdsorganisedbyDHANarelargelyinfluencedbythecontexts.AninternalassessmenttakenupbytheprogrammesofDHANhasbroughtoutafactthatthememberhouseholdsareengagedinaround700differenttypesoflivelihoodactivities
astheirprimarysourceofliving.Accordingtothepopularclassificationofactivitiestheselivelihoodsaregroupedintoprimary,secondaryandtertiarysectors.Thedistributionofmembersacrossfourcontextsintothreesectorsisgiveninthetablebelow.
Percentageofhouseholdsengagedinlivelihoodactivities Rural Urban Coastal Tribal
PRIMARYSECTOR(AgricultureandAllied) 78 0 63 97
SECONDARYSECTOR(Manufacturing) 12 63 19 2
TERTIARYSECTOR(Service) 10 37 18 1
Primary Sector
Thelivelihoodactivitiesthatareundertakenbydirectlyusingnaturalresourcesconstitutesprimarysector.Sub-sectorsincludedunderthisprimarysectorareagriculture,dairy,fishingandforestry.Thissectorisalsocalledagricultureandrelatedsector.IfwelookatthedistributionofmemberhouseholdsorganisedbyDHAN,mostpartofthetribalhouseholdsaredependentonprimarysector(97percent),followedbyruralandcoastalcontexts,wherethehouseholdsengagedinprimaryproductionare78and63percentrespectively.ItindicatesmorethanthreefourthofthehouseholdsorganisedbyDHANareengagedinlivelihoodsactivitiesofprimarysector,mostlyfarming,dairyandfisheryactivities.Thisgroupisvulnerabletoshocksandtrendsinclimate,seasonalityandprice.
Secondary Sector
Activitiesunderthissectorarenextstepaftertheprimaryproduction,whichincludesprocessingandmanufacturing,usingtheprimaryproducts.Thiscouldbeinafactoryatsmallscale,aworkshoporanactivityatthehome.Sixtythreepercentofthefamiliesorganisedintheurbancontextsareinvolvedinsuchactivities.Itincludessmallscaleproductionorprocessingunits,weaving,homebasedcottageindustries,factoriesandworkshops.Incoastal,ruralandtribalcontexts,thehouseholdsinvolvedinsuchactivitiesconstitute19,12andtwopercentrespectively.Thoughthelivelihoodsunderthissectorseemedtoearnacertainincome
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tothehouseholds,theyaresubjectedtoanumberofrisksassociatedwiththeactivitiessuchaspricefluctuation,storage,availabilityofrawmaterialsandtheircosts,financeforcontinuedengagementintheactivity.Interventionssuchasskillbuilding,provisionofworkingcapital,marketlinkagesareverymuchneededtosustainthelivelihoodsinthissector.
Tertiary Sector
Afterprimaryandsecondary,thereisathirdcategoryofactivitiesthatfallsundertertiarysector.Theseactivitieshelpinthedevelopmentoftheprimaryandsecondarysectors.Buttheseactivities,bythemselves,donotproducegoodsbuttheyareanaidfortheproductionprocess.Activitiesunderthissectorincludepettytrades,vendinginheadloadsandcarts,smallscalehotels,transportation,personalservicessuchaswashing,barbers,cobblers,housemaids,repairservices,tailoringandsoon.Sincetheseactivitiesgenerateservicesratherthangoods,thetertiarysectorisalsocalledtheservicesector.While37percentoftheurbanhouseholdsorganisedbyDHANareinvolvedinservicebasedlivelihoods,inthecoastal,ruralandtribalcontextsitconstitutes18,10andonepercentrespectively.Theselivelihoodsarebasicallybuiltonindividuals’labour.Thepoorhouseholdsinthiscategoryneedsskillenhancement,socialsecurityfortheirlifeandhealthandfinanceforsmootheningtheirconsumptionneeds.
Principles guiding livelihood interventions of DHAN
Guidingprinciplesforlivelihoodinterventionbuildontheabovecoreprinciples.Theyneedtobeflexibleandadaptabletodiverselocalconditions.TheguidingprinciplesforLivelihoodInterventionare:
Family focus: Memberfamilywouldbetheunitforlivelihoodinterventionandthefamilyspecificfactorslikepovertycategoryneedavailableresources,capabilities,etc.willbeconsideredfordesigningthedevelopmentinterventions.
Buildonexistinglivelihoodsstrengths:Buildonpeople’sexistingactivities,strengths,andopportunitiesratherthanbeginningwithnewactivities.Itsupportsinstrengtheningthelocaleconomyledbythepoor.
Collaboration and convergence: DHANfacilitatescollaborationbetweenindividualfamilymembers(and/ortheirpeopleinstitutions)andvariousstakeholdersrelatedtothemember’slivelihood,likeprivatesector,governmentbodiesandbanks,toserveasdemandstream,toensuresmoothflowofservicesandgoodsandtoimprovetheroleofmembersinvaluechaingovernance.Besides,theconvergencewithavailableoremergingopportunitieswillalsobegivenfocusaspartofcollaboration.(Eg:MNREGS,NRLM)
Graduation of livelihoods interventions: Takingupsuccessfullivelihoodsinterventiononasignificantscaleneedshugefinancialresources,strongsocialcapital(intermsoftrustandnecessaryrelationshiptohandledifficultsituations)andhigherlevelofskills.Sothereisneedforgraduationinlivelihoodsinterventionalongwithstrengtheningoffinancial,socialandhumancapital.
Collective Action: TheinterventionandeffortsbyDHANhavetobeforcollectiveorgroupofmembersasactivitygrouptosupportforwardandbackwardlinkagesonascaleandsustainable.
Sustainability: Thelivelihoodsinterventionsatfamilylevelorenterpriselevelhavetobesustainablesociallyandfinanciallyandhavepotentialforreplication.
Ecologically sound: Thelivelihoodsinterventionshavetobeeitherenvironmentalfriendlyordonotresultinanydamagetoenvironmentoroverexploitationofnaturalresources.Itshouldfocusonpreservingbiodiversity.
Gender equity: Thelivelihoodsinterventionsshouldnotdiscriminateagainstwomenandwhereverpossibleshouldincludewomenaslivelihoodanchorinbothindividualandcollectiveenterprises.LivelihoodInterventionrequiresequalcontribution,controlandownershipofboth
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menandwomenwithinthefamily.DCbelievesthatwhenwomengaincontroloverfinancialandlivelihoodresourcestheygainvisibilityandstaywithintheirfamilyandthesociety.
Ensure entitlements: Gettingaccesstorightsisoneoftheempowermentprocessesindevelopment.DHAN’sprogrammespeopleinstitutions,peoplemovementprovideawarenessandtakecollectiveactiontoaccesstorightsoncommonpropertyresources.
DHAN’s Experiences
Morethantwodecadesofourintensiveengagementatthegrassrootsinworkingwiththepoorcommunitieshasbroughtusanumberofinsightsonthelivelihoodsanditsinherentrelationshipwiththepovertyreduction.
Social capital is a pre–condition
DHANbelievesthattheorganisedsocialcapitalintheformofself–governednestedinstitutionsaroundmicrofinance,water,rainfedfarmingandICTisakeydeterminantforachievingsustainablelivelihoods.Theinstitutionalizedprocesseswouldenablethemtoworkincollaborationwiththemainstreamtoconserveanddevelopthenaturalcapitalsuchaslandandwaterbodiestraditionallyenjoyedandprotectedbythem;gainaccessandcontroloverfinancialcapitalthroughlinkageswith
bankingandfinancialinstitutions;enhancehumancapitalbybuildingappropriateproductionandmarketingskills;createandstrengthenphysicalcapitalintheformofincomegeneratingassets.
TheconceptofpromotingPeople’sOrganisationsarounddevelopmentissuesisauniquecontributionofDHANFoundation.Theapproachhasproveditssuccessintermsofeffectivemanagement,reachingthepoorestsegment,ensuringthereachofbenefitsandbuildingdemocracyatthegrassroots.
Thepeoples’organisationsoperatebasedonmutualityandself-regulatingmechanisms.Thequalityensuringmechanismsstrengthensthelinkswithinthegroup,andbuildsupsocialcapital,contributingtobroad-basedgrowth.Theyengageinconstantinteractionswithmainstreaminstitutionstopromotepublicgood.Thesocialcapitalbuiltwithinthenetworksinfluencehowmarketsoperate,andrelationshipwithformalfinancialinstitutionsandgovernmentinstitutions.Thesocialcapitalthusbuiltamongthepoorcommunitieshelpthemnegotiatewithandbuildingpressureonthemainstreaminstitutions,toinfluencetheirpoliciesinfavourofthepoor,themarginalisedandtheexcluded.
Mutualtrustandreciprocitylowerthecostsofworkingtogether.Byimprovingtheefficiencyofeconomicrelations,socialcapitalthushelpincreasepeople’sincomesandsavings(financialcapital).Thesocialcapitalalsohelpsreducethe‘freerider’problemsassociatedwithpublicgoods,reinforcetheindividualaswellascollectiveresponsibilitiesformanagingcommonresources(naturalcapital)andthemaintenanceofsharedinfrastructure(physicalcapital).Socialnetworksfacilitateinnovation,developmentofknowledgeandsharingofthatknowledge.Italsofacilitatespeople’ssenseofwell-beingthroughidentity,honourandbelonging.
Believingintheconceptofscaling-up,DHANisalwaysonthelookoutforemergingnewopportunitiesforthepoor;designathemearoundtheissue,experimentforfewyearstoevolveareplicableandadaptablecommunity
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organisationmodelindifferentcontexts,andthenconsolidatetheexperiencetolaunchitasaprogrammeforscalingup.Thecriteriaforevolvinganewprogrammeareitspotentialtoimpactlargenumberofpoorfortheirbetterlivinganditsreplicabilityindifferentcontexts.Throughitsthematicprogrammes,DHANhasbeenabletoreachoveramillionpoorhouseholds,whoareorganisedinto45,525primarygroupsofwomen,farmersandfishermenin12Indianstates.
Development finance for livelihoods
Thefinanceforenhancinglivelihoodshasfourdistinctcharacteristicsofavailability,accessibility,appropriatenessandaffordability.DHAN’senablingmodelofmicrofinancemotivatesthe
poorhouseholdstoconservetheirresourcesandwidenstheiropportunitiestoaccessfinancialcapitalfromthemainstreamfinancialinstitutions,whichenablesthemtotakeappropriatelivelihooddecisions.SHGsplayavitalroleincreatingandstrengtheningthelivelihoodsofthepoorbyprovidingtimelycredit.CreditfromSHGsenablethepoortoinitiateanewlivelihoodactivity,haveadequateworkingcapital,haveaccessandcontroloverproductiveassets,beabletoupgradeexistingassets,makeinvestmentinnewassets,diversifyintonewactivities.Provisionofseparatelineofcreditforconsumptionandemergencycreditneeds,insulatestheirworkingcapitalandbusinesscapitalfrombeingdiverted.SofartheSHGspromotedbyDHANhaveissuedRs.16.9billionworthofloanstotheirmemberfamilies.
Financing for Livelihoods – Experience from Salem
SalemisoneofthelargestdistrictsinTamilNadu.Themajorsourcesoflivelihoodsformostofthehouseholdsinthisregionareweavingandfarming.AMajorpartofthemineralwealthoftheTamilNadu isconfinedtoSalemDistrict,whereavarietyof importantminerals likeMagnesite,Dunite,Bauxite,Limestone,Ironore,QuartzandFeldspararefoundhere.Despiteavailabilityofsuchrichminerals,theruralblocksinthisdistrictarefoundinindustriallybackwardlocations,wherefarmingistheonlysourceoflivelihood.Morethanhalfofthefarmlandsarerain-fedandthefarmerstoilunderthevagariesofmonsoon.Theyheavilyborrowfrommoneylendersatexploitativeinterestratestomeettheirproductionandconsumptionneeds.TheslumslocatedinSalemcorporationarenotbetterthananyotherslumselsewhere.Themiseriesfacedbytheslumdwellerswithlackofbasicamenities,improperhousing and sanitation, high level of incomedraindue to alcoholismamongmenweresomeofthereasonsthatattractedDHANFoundationtoinitiateitsKalanjiamCommunityBankingProgrammein1999.
TheKalanjiamProgrammehasbeenexpandedtobothurbanandruralareasofSalemdistrict.Sofar31146poorwomenhavebeenorganisedinto2005KalanjiamSHGsin345ruralhamletsand289urbanslums.TheseKalanjiamshavebeenfederatedinto10independentKalanjiamFederations,whichareindifferentstagesofgrowth.
Livelihood Analysis
" Only11percentmembersownfarmlands.Membersgivehighpriorityforlivestockmaintenance.Morethan5000milchanimals,over15,000goatsarebeingmaintainedbythePotentialforDairyactivitymorethan5000animalsareavailable.Eighteenpercentofthetotalmembersareengagedinthisactivity.
" Members and their spouses are involved in around 40different types of livelihood activitiesincludingfarm,non-farmandservicesectors
" Over78percentofmembershaveownhouse.Butinurbanlocationsmostofthemareresidinginrentedhouses.While89percentmemberhouseholdshaveelectricityconnectivity,only23percenthouseholdshavesanitationfacility.
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" Ashockingfactwasthatover28percentofmembers’husbandswereaddictedtoalcohol,whichdrainsawayaconsiderableportionoffamilyincome.Another8percentmembers’familieshavereportedthattheyspentamajorportionoftheirincometowardsmedicalexpensesonchronicillness.Around15percentmembersarewidows,eitherlivingaloneorsurvivedbytheirchildren.
Pillars of progress: Savings, credit and insurance
TheKalanjiamshaveprovidedspaceforthememberstosavefortheirfuture.WithhighemphasisonsavingsallthemembershavesavedoverRs.220millionintheirgroups,whichisavailableforlendingaswellastoleveragecreditfromcommercialbanks.Theyweresuccessfulonmobilisingloansfromcommercialbanksallthroughtheyears.SofartheKalanjiamshavemobilisedRs.1010millionworthofloansfrombanks,whichwasonlenttomembersforvariousproductionandconsumptionneeds.AlmostallthemembersandtheirspouseshavebeencoveredunderlifeinsuranceprogrammeofLICofIndia–JanashreeBhimaYojana.Over1500membershavegotdeathclaimamountingtoRs.40millionsince2001.TheentitlementbenefitofthisJBYschemeisscholarshipformembers’children.Nearly40,000studentsgotscholarshipbenefitworthofRs.40million.Around12000membershavebeencoveredunderhealthinsuranceproductofNationalInsuranceCompany.
Lending for Livelihoods
Overthelast13years,alltheKalanjiamshavegeneratedandissued310,643loansto all themembersworth of Rs.2654million for various production andconsumptionpurposes.Atotalof104,643loansamountingtoRs.1117millionhavebeen issued for livelihoodenhancementfor all themembers. It accounts to 42per cent of total loans issued by theKalanjiams.The loanshavebeen issuedfor a specific purpose of livelihoodenhancement,which includes creationofnew livelihoodassetsoractivities,strengtheningexistingactivities,workingcapital forexistingactivitiesandsoon.ThecurrentloanoutstandingamongtheKalanjiammembersisRs.360million.
People moved out of Poverty
An annual assessment donewith themembers individually as well as atgrouplevelrevealedthat3424membershave moved out of Poverty. Thegroups have declared this graduationandwere accepted by themembersthemselves.Themembersfromallthreelevelsofpovertysuchas survival (S1),Subsistence(S2)andSelf-employed(S3)havecomeoutofpovertyasshowninthechart.
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Skill building for Livelihoods
Skillisanimportantassetthoughitisintangibleanditisahumanfactorinlivelihoodpromotion.Appropriateknowledgeandskillsareessentialforthepoortosuccessfullyrespondtothelivelihoodopportunitiesandchallengesofeconomicandtechnologicalchanges.Buildinglivelihoodskillsenablesthepoor,particularlyyouthstogain
employabilityandacquirecapabilityofbecomingentrepreneurs.DHANhasevolvedastrategy‘LivelihoodInitiativewithFunctionalEducation(LIFE)’tothepoorwomenandyouths,tobuildnewskillsinresponsetothemarketneedsandenhancetheiremployabilityatthelocallevel.Skillbuilding,facilitationofmarketlinkages,creditandemploymentaretheintegralpartoftheLIFE.
Livelihood Initiative with Functional Education (LIFE)
Mostofthemembers,especiallywomeninthepeopleorganisationspromotedbyDHANhavetheentrepreneurshippotential.But theyneed training for acquiringnew skills aswell as upgradingtheskillsthattheyalreadypossess.ThePeopleorganisationspromotedbyDHANalreadyhavetheexperienceof providing skill trainingon establishedactivities suchasdairy and tailoring to theirmembers.And25federationshavebeenrunningCommunityColleges,providingcomputerbasedjoborientedcoursestotheruralandurbanyouths.Therewasaneedexpressedbythemembersonothertradesthatcouldfetchemploymentinnearbytownsandcities.
DHANPeopleAcademy, afterhaving a series of consultationswith these people’s organisationsevolved amodel for establishing skill building centers called LIFE (Livelihood InitiativewithFunctionalEducation)Centres.LIFEaimsatimpartinglivelihoodorientedskillstothepoorwomenandmen,particularlyyouthsthroughvocationaleducation.Theexpectedoutcomeistomakethememployableandcapableofbecominganentrepreneur, and therebyenabling them to comeoutofpoverty. The livelihood initiatives are implemented in collaborationwith government, industries,polytechnicsandindustrialtraininginstitutes.TheCentrereachesthepeoplethroughWomenandFarmers’Federations.
Skill building for enhancing livelihoods
ThefirstLIFECentrewasinitiatedinMaduraitoservethememberfamilies livinginurbanslumsandruralareasadjoiningMaduraicity. Inthebeginning,theLIFECentrehadstartedofferingthecoursesrelatedtocomputereducationandlater,theskillbuildingareaswerediversifiedinvarioustrades.Basedontheexperiencesgainedovertwoyears,eightmorecentreshavebeeninitiatedduring2009-2010inthelocationssuchasViraganur,Kazhugumalai,Maraimalainagar,Nillakottai,Pallathur,TanjoreandSingampunerifederationsinTamilNaduandChittoorinAndhraPradesh.
Thesecenterswereinitiatedwithaninitialneedassessmentexercise,inwhichthepeoples’existingskillsets,theirneedsandexpectationsintheMarketwereassessed.Trainingcourseswereshortlistedbasedontheassessment.TheseCentresprovideservicestothepoorfamilies inKalanjiamgroupsaswellastheotherpoorfamilies.Sofar,over12,500youthshavebeentrainedintheCommunityCollegesrunbytheFederationsonvarioustradesandfacilitatedtogetemployedinnearbytownsandcitiesaswellastoinitiatetheirownunitswiththeassistancefromKalanjiams.
Mitigating risks, reducing vulnerability
ThePoorhouseholdsaremoreoftenexposedtorisks,whichcauseslossesthatarebeyondtheirmeans.Insurancecoverforthemember’slife,healthandproductiveassetscaninsulatethe
savingsandcredit,whichareoftenattheriskattimesofemergencies.Risksassociatedwiththelivelihoodsofthepoorhouseholdscanbemitigatedwithsimple,contextuallyrelevantandaffordablesocialandlivelihoodssecurityproducts.
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Social Security for Livelihood Security
The peoples’ organisations promoted byDHANhave collectively promotedPeopleMutuals, anexclusiveinstitutiontoworkonsocialsecuritymeasuressuchasinsuranceandpension.ThePeopleMutualsworksforensuringsocialsecurityforthepooreitherthroughtheirmutualprogrammesorinpartnershipwithvarioussocialsecurityschemesanddevelopmentprogrammesofthemainstreaminsurancecompanies.Italsoworksoninsuranceliteracyandresearchingonsocialsecurityissuesforpolicyadvocacy.ThroughthePeoples’Organisations,thePeoples’Mutualsoffersanumberofsocialsecurityproductsandservices.
Covering life risks of the poor
Existinglifeinsuranceproductsofinsurancecompaniescovertheliferisksupto60yearsofageandnoinsurancecompanyproductisprovidinglifecovertopoorafter60yearsofage.Thisneedisaddressedbytermorwholelifemutualhelpprogrammes,whichprovideliferiskcoverirrespectiveofage.SafetynetmechanismbywayofrisksharingarrangementsthroughPeopleMutualsandacrossguaranteefundensuressustainabilityoflifemutualhelpprogrammes.
Whole life insuranceprogrammes involvepaymentofcontributionbypeopleupto60or65yearsofagefortheliferiskcovertheirentirelifetime.Thequantumofcontributionvarieswithageandsex.Wholelifeinsurancecoverhasbeenensuredto17,995poor,ofwhich13,030arewomen.Suchpremiumisunaffordableformostofthepeople,whoareattheirmiddleagesabove.Therefore,thelocationswherewholelifemutualinsurancewastakenearlierhavestartedswitchingovertotermlifeinsurance.
Thepoorcommunitieshaveexpressedthattheyneedalifeinsurancecoverirrespectiveofageforanequalcontributionofpremiumbyeveryone.Thecontributionissubsidisedbytheyoungtotheagedintheprocessofuniformcontribution.Suchatermlifemutualinsuranceprogrammesarerunby16Federations.Atotalof104,575peoplecomprisingof61,366womenand43209menhavebeencovered.
Health security
Healthmutual programme is in operation for the past 10 years in the federations promoted byDHAN.TheGovernmentsponsoredUniversalHealthInsuranceScheme(UHIS)wasfoundtobeanappropriateandaffordableproductforthepeople.UHISprovideshospitalizationcoverofRs.30,000apartfrompersonalaccidentcoverofRs.25000toheadofthefamilyandwagelosscompensationonaccountofhospitalizationof theheadof the family.Thehealthmutual insuranceprogrammehasreachedto50,148peoplesofar.Ofthem,25,173arewomenandtherestaremen.ThetotalpremiumpaidunderthisprogrammewasRs.3.38millionforacoverofRs.275million.ThemembershaveavailedthebenefitsworthofRs.1.5millionduringthisyear.
Insurance for People Living with HIV
ItispertinenttonotethatthePeopleLivingwithHIVareexcludedunderthelifeandhealthinsuranceproducts of commercial insurers.Whereas tailormade insuranceproduct by themwould involvehighpremiumratesandsmallbenefitswhichwouldmaketheminappropriateandweanthePLHIVfromaccessingtheseproducts.ApilotprojectforprovidinginsurancetoPLHIVwasimplementedinthefederationsofSalemregionforensuringfinancialsupporttotheirfamilies.TheprojectinvolvessafeguardingPLHIVfromliferisksandprovidingthemaswellastheirfamilymembers,ahealthriskcover.DHANFoundation collaboratedwithPopulationServices International forworkingout anaffordablerisksolutionforthelifeandhealthrisksofPLHIV.ThelifeandhealthrisksofPLHIVwereretainedatthePeopleMutuals.
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Mitigating weather risks
Farmingisfraughtwithmanyrisksandvagariesofnature.Uncertaintyofcropyieldowingtoexcessordeficitrains,pestordiseaseattackisamatterofgraveconcernforfarmers.Theyalsofacepricerisks.Theuncertaintyofincomefromtheirfarmsoveryearsisamatterofseriousthreattotheveryexistenceof farmingsincefarmersareunabletoearntheir living.Protectingthemfromcropriskswouldmakefarmingastheviableandsustainablelivelihood.
The cropmutual insurance is implemented in 15 federations of Tank-fedAgriculture, RainfedAgriculture andCoastal conservation programmes ofDHAN. 159 automatic rain gaugeswereinstalledin15locations.Therainfallreceivedintheseraingaugeswouldbebasisfordecidingthepay-out.Thus,itcanbecalledasrainfallindexedcropinsurance.CropinsuranceisdoneforsixcropssuchasPaddy,Chillies,Pulses,Pearlmillet,SorghumandMaize.PeopleMutualscollaboratedwithAgriculturalInsuranceCompanywhichtakesthebasisriskonthebasisourvillageautomaticraingaugedata.Duringthecropinsurancewasdonein1558.76hectaresoflandownedby5914farmersofthirteenfederations.ThefarmershavepaidapremiumofRs.1.6millionforacoverofRs.20million.ThebenefitpaidduringtheyearwasRs.2.4million.
Securing livelihood assets
Livestock is themajor shock proof for the families involved in farming. Livestockmutual helpprogrammewasinitiatedfrom2009.About1004animalsworthRs.9.5millionwerecovered.ThepeoplepaidacontributionofRs.130,000,andreceivedacompensationofRs.63,200fortheirlosses.
Micro Pension for the aged poor
India,likemostotherdevelopingcountries,doesnothaveauniversalsocialsecuritysystemtoprotecttheelderlyagainsteconomicdeprivation.Theoldagepopulationincreasedthree-foldfromabout19millionin1971toaround62millionin2011,anditisexpectedtodoubleby2026.MostoftheworkingpoorinIndiahavetraditionallybeenexcludedbyformalpensionprovisions.Thispopulationisveryvulnerabletooldagepoverty,asbarelyfivepercentofthemarepresentlysavingforretirement.Thepoorcommunitieshadalwaysbeenwillingtosavefortheiroldage,buttherewerenoinstitutionalmechanismstomakeithappen.
DHANFoundationwiththesupportofMicroPensionFoundation,TheNetherlandsinitiatedamicro-pensionproject.With the consideration of needs articulatedby themembers, a pensionproductwasdesignedandofferedwiththesupportofLifeInsuranceCorporationofIndia,oneofthelargestinsuranceagenciesinIndia.
Graduation Approach in Livelihoods
Thelivelihoodinterventionstrategyforeachofthelocation,whereDHANisimplementingitsdevelopmentprogrammesevolveovertheyearsdependingonexistinglivelihoodopportunities,potentialforexpansionandgraduationintoalargerbusinessenterpriseimpactingalargenumberofpoorhouseholds.Thegraduationisdependentontheadvancementandmaturationoftheprogrammesandgrowthofthefederations
tohandlelargerlivelihoodenterprises.Theinterventionismodeledintothreelevels.
InModel1,thepoorhouseholdswhoareinvolvedinsimilarlivelihoodactivitiesareorganisedintoPrimaryProducerandMarketingGroups(PPGsandPMGs).Thesearethebusinessbasedpeoplesorganisationsorganisedtotakeupfocusedinterventions,nurtureanddeepenthem,developintopotentialactivityforenterprisepromotioninfuture.Theinterventionsatthislevelareconfined
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tofacilitatingfinanceforlivelihoodsthatthehouseholdsarealreadyinvolvedin,ensurecreationofnewlivelihoodassetsorincreasingperformanceofexistingassets,creationofcommunityinfrastructuressuchasirrigationtanksandponds,soilandmoistureconservation.Alltheseinterventionsareaimedatenhancingproductionandproductivityfromtheexistinglivelihoodactivitiesofthememberhouseholds.
InModel2,thePMGsengageinaggregatingtheproduces,establishinglinkageswiththeexisting
marketsafteranegotiationforbetterprice.ThescaleadvantageprovidesspaceforthePMGstonegotiateforcompetitiveprice.Thisprocesseliminatesthemiddlemeninvolvedtraditionallyintheactivityandwhohadbeenenjoyingthemajorbenefitsleavingtheprimaryproducerswithmarginalprofits,manyatimespushingthemintoloss.Anexampleforthismodelis‘MedicinalPlanCollectionActivity’,wherejustcollectionandmarketingofmedicinalplantsbythePMGsensuresfairpriceforthegathererswhohadbeenexploitedbythemiddlemenformanyyears.
Collective marketing of farm inputs and outputs
ThePMGspromotedwith farmers ofVayalagamandRainfedFarmingDevelopmentprogrammesofDHANareinvolvedincollectivepurchaseandmarketingoffarmproducessuchasmaize,cotton,chillies and groundnut. Similarly the PMGs facilitate collective purchase and supply of seeds,fertilisers,hireof farmequipments.Apilotproject for linking theprimaryvegetableproducersofMagadiblockofBangaloreruraldistrictwiththeBangaloreurbanvegetablemarketswastakenup.Resultsofthepilotwereencouragingasitprovedtobehighlybeneficialfortheprimaryvegetableproducers.Theygotbackwardandforwardlinkagesupportsthroughthepilotandasaresultthey
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were able to increase their productivity and also realize highermarketmargins. To build on thepositiveexperienceaProducerCompanyhasbeenpromotedtoscaleuptheactivities.
ForinstanceShriIndhryeeMahilaKalanjiamSamakhyastartedtheFertilizerBusinessinJune2010.Thepurposeofthebusinesswastosupportthepoorfarmersbyprovidingqualityfertilizerontimeataffordableprices.ThefertiliserwasmadeavailabletoDodandaclustercovering7villages.Tostartwith,therewasameetingofFederationBoardofdirectors.Themembersraisedtheconcernofnotgettingthetimelysupplyoffertilizers.ItwasdecidedtoaddresstheissuebyproposingtostartthefertilizerBusiness.
SixmembersfromBoardofDirectorsformedaprimarymarketinggroup(PMG)andacquiredtheLicensefromJointDirector(JD),Agriculturedepartment,Adilabad.Havingobtainedthelicense,theywentaboutidentifyingtherequirement.Aftertheneedassessmentwasmade,twoBODmembersmetMARKFEDandJD-agricultureforthepurposeofFertilizerbooking.PMGtookaloanofRs.1lakhfromFederation’sownfund.Initially,themembersstartedwithjust17tonnesi.e.370bagsofDAP.
Withthiseffort,PMGmadeanetprofitRs.27000aftermeetingexpenditureonTransport,Hamalicharges,Interestonloan,Stationeryetc.Thisyear,theyareplanningformorethan4truckloadsoffertilizerBusinessof400bagseachofUrea&DAP.ThePMGhasputinplacethecompletesystemofdocumentationandrecordkeeping.IthasestablishedasystemwithReceiptbook,Cashbook,Minutesbook,stockregister,BankPassbook,FilingSystem,Voucher.
Producer Company for Medicinal Plant Gatherers
InselectedpocketsoffoothillsofWesternGhats,thelandlesslabourers,mostlythepoorwomenareinvolvedinmedicinalplantscollection.Theyhavebeensellingtheircollectiontothelocalmerchants,who are themiddlemen for big Pharmaceutical companies. The gathererswould usually get ameagreincome.Toeliminatesuchanexploitativepractice,theKTLhaspromotedaround35PPGsofherbal gatherers; educate themon sustainable collectionpractices, link themdirectlywith thePharmaceuticalcompanies.AwarehousehasbeenhiredatSilvarpatti,inTamilNadutoaccommodatemorethan100MetricTonnesofproducestoundertakecleaning,packingandprocessingthemedicinalplants.ThesePPGshavebeenfederatedintoMedicinalandAromaticPlantsUrpathiyalarProducerCompany(MARUTHI).
InModel3,thePPGsandPMGs,withtheirenhancedskillsandproductionandmarketingareengaginginvalueadditionandreachingouttotheconsumersdirectly.Anexampleforthismodelisdairyinitiative,whichtransformedtoaproducercompanyinCuddaloredistrictTamilNadu.TheKalanjiamMilkProducersCompanyLimited(KMPCL),promotedbytheDairyPPGsisnowhandlingtheactivitiesofprocuring,processingandmarketingofmilkandmilkproducts.KMPCLstronglybelievesthatbyorganisingtheunorganisedmilkproducersintocollectiveenterpriseswithrequisitecapabilitiesandlocalisedvaluechains,theycanbeenabledtobecomeamajormarketplayer.Thiswould
eliminateexploitation,enhanceviabilityofsmallenterprises,strengthenandsustainlocaleconomy.ByconvertingrawmilktoPasteurisedHomogenisedandStandardisedmilk,KMPCLaddsvaluetotheproduce.Throughvalueadditionitensuresgenerationofhigherrevenuesfortheproducerthanifweretobemarketedasitis.Thehigherreturnsbringwithitahigherelementofriskinhandlingabiologicallyactiveproduct.Also,theconceptofvalueadditiongainssignificanceonlyifoneisabletobranditandmakeitavailablefortheendconsumer.Inordertorealizethe‘PowerofBranding’ithasestablishedthebrand‘Anandham’fortheProcessedMilk.‘Anandham’means‘Happiness’andbrandnametrulyreflects
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KMPCL’sintenttospreadhappinessamongstpoorproducers.Appropriateinfrastructureandthetechnologyhavebeendeployedtoprocessthemilk.KMPCLiscurrentlyengagingaround800membersdirectlyinthemilkprocurementprocessandtouchesover180villagesaroundaradiusof100Kms.
Graduation within the livelihoods
Thepoorhouseholdspossessdifferentlevelsoflivelihoodassetsandskills.Theirlivelihooddecisionsareofteninfluencedbythestageoftheirfamilylifecycleanddegreeofvulnerabilitytoshocksanduncertainties.Byacquiringafewproductiveassetsandskillstheysecuretheirsubsistencefirstandstartexpandingtheirassetsandskills.Theygetacquaintedwithmarket,increasetheircreditworthinessandabsorptioncapacity.Withscaledupproductionandproductivitytheyensuresecuredincomeandstabilisedcashflow.Thepoorhouseholdsgothroughtheprocessofgraduationintheirrespectivelivelihoodactivitieswiththesupportrenderedbytheirprimarygroupsandnetworkinstitutions.Theirlivelihoodgraduationhappens
parallelwiththegraduationoftheinstitutionswheretheyownmembership.
Forinstance,amember,whoownsacow,withherskillsinmaintainingitandloansupportfromherSHGaddsanadditionalcow.Shealsoborrowsmoneyfromthegroupformeetingitsoperationalexpensessuchaspurchaseoffeed,cultivategreenfodder,andreceiveveterinarycaretotheanimals.Thoughshestartswithjustaloansupportfromthegroupinitially,whenshebecomesthememberofaPrimaryProducerGroup,shegetsallthevalueaddedservices.ThroughherPPG,shegetsafairandcompetitiveprice,andtimelypayment.Withallthesesupportservices,enhancedknowledgeandskillindairyfarming,increasedmotivationandcongenialmarketenvironment,sheaddsafewmoreanimals,makingitaminidairyunit.Frommanaginglivestockjustasasurvivalstrategyshegraduatesherselfintoafull-fledgeddairyfarmer,makingitasustainableandprimarysourceoflivelihoodtoherfamily.Likethis,thememberhouseholdsgetsgraduatedwithinthelivelihoods,makingthemownamicro-enterprises,whichgrowsatparwiththegrowthofthePrimaryProducerGroups,whichgetsgraduatedintoaProducerCompanyovertheyears.
Promoting Community Owned Dairy Enterprise - Dindigul Experience
DairyisoneofthemosttalkedaboutlivelihoodspromotionactivityintheDindigulregion.Theregionhas25Primaryproducergroups.Inthestudyarea,sevenPPGsareunderSanarpatticlusterand5inKannivadicluster.Theinterventionwasstartedin2005,inspiredbythesuccessofdairyinterventioninConnor,wherethemilkisbeingprocured,chilled,packedanddistributedunderthebrandname‘Anandam’.
TheideaofformingPPGsisintroducedtoonlythosegroupswheremostofthemembersarealreadyrearingcattleandsellingmilkforadditionalincome.PPGisformedatthevillagelevelcomprisingofmaximum15-20members.IftherearemoremembersthenanotherPPGisformedinthesamevillage.ItiscompulsoryforaPPGmembertobepartoftheKalanjiamgroup.
Formation: ThePPG formation and functioning is facilitated byDairy regional coordinatorMr.Kanakaraj.HehasbeenexclusivelytrainedbyVeterinaryUniversityontechnicalaspectsofartificialincrimination,acclimatizingnewbreedsofcowstothenewenvironment,primaryveterinarycare,nutritionalaspectsforthecattlerearing,milkingusingmachinesetc.HeisalsotrainedonmanagerialskillsofformingPPGs,linkingthemtochillingcentresandothersbyDhanacademy.
Functioning:AtthevillagelevelthePPGgroupmembersfunctionlikeanyotherSHGgroup.Theyhavemonthlymeetingsduringwhichtheydosavings,takeloansandalsolearnaboutdifferentaspects
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ofcattlerearingandcare.Theconditionisthatthememberhastopourmilkonlytothecentreandtheyarenotsupposedtodoanylocalsalesofthemilk.Memberisallowedtotakeaway½to1litreofmilkforconsumption.Memberofthisgroupisprovidedwith:
" Loanstobuycattle
" Technicalhelpforartificialinsemination
" Accesstoveterinarycamps
" Accesstomineralmixture(feed)fromtheveterinaryuniversity
" Potassium(anti-bacterial)tocleanupthecattlebeforemilking
" Trainingoncattlerearing
" Facilityforcollectivemilkingofthecow
Collectively selling the milk to the chilling centre.
CollectiveMilking: This arrangementwas thought of because not allmembers had the skills ofmilking.Thepracticewastohireapersonwhowouldcometwiceadayinthemorningandeveningtomilkthecowsforafee.Toreducetheexpenditurethegroupdecidedtocollectivelyhireapersonwhowouldmilkthecowsinthemember’shouse.ThefeewaspaidbythePPG.ItwastheresponsibilityofthePPGleaderstoorganizeandensurethatthemilkingpersongoestoallthemembers’houseregularly.MilkthuscollectedwastogetherpouredtothechillingcentrewithwhichthePPGhadanunderstanding.
Thisideadidn’tworkverywell.BecausethecowsweremilkedinthemembershousewherethePPGwasunabletoensurehygieneandnotaddingwatertodilutethemilk.Itwasdifficulttosellthemilkasthechillingcentrerefusedtotakesuchmilk.Becauseofthis,otherswhoweredoingitwellalsosuffered.SotheythoughtofsettingupashedwhereallthecowswouldbemilkedandmeasuredinfrontofthemaintenancepersonappointedbyPPG,whichworkedwell.Inthemean-timeinyear2009,thecattleshedmaintenancepersonandtwootherPPGmembersweretrainedtousemilkingmachinestomilkthecows.
Pricing of the Milk: PPGcollectsmilkfrommembersatRs.17perlitreandsellsittochillingcentreatRs.19or20dependingonSolidsNotFat(SNF).SNFtestingforindividualmemberpouringmilkisnotdone.AllthemilkispouredtogetherandsingleSNFtestingisdoneatthechillingcentre,whichisenteredinthebookagainstthenameofthePPG.EveryyearPPGgivesabonusofRs.0.25foreverylitreofmilkpouredbythememberinthatyear.
Leader’s View:KolandeyesuKalanjiamofVadakatupatti village in Sanarpatti cluster ofDindigulregionisonesuchgroupwhichhasadairyPPG.Thegroupis10yearsoldandhasseenmanymembersjoiningandleavingthegroup.Todayithasonly6membersbutcontinueswithitsactivitiesinallitsvigour.A.Arokyamary,themaintenanceinchargeoftheshedaswellasthePPGleader,sharesthatonaaverage10cowscomeformilkingintheshedtwiceaday.Onanaverageacowgives10litreofmilkadaywhichissoldatRs.17perlitre.AmemberincursanexpenditureofRs.100perdayoneachcowandearnsanincomeofRs.170-200perday.ThepaymentismadeonceamonthduringthePPGmeeting.PPGincursothercostslikepayingmonthlysalaryofRs.2,200totheshedmaintenancepersonandothermiscellaneousexpenses.TheseexpensesaremetfromRs.2perlitreofmilk,itearnsfromsellingmilkathigherratetothechillingcentre.
LikeArokayamary,Vadevimaryisalsoawoman,whoearnsincomebydairyactivitiestoprovideforherfamily.BoththesewomensaytheyearnnotlessthanRs.8000permonthwhichissufficientforthemfulfilbasicneeds.BothofthemsharethatifmoremembersjointhePPGthentheycanhavetheir
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ownchillingandpackingcentretherebytheycanearnbetterincomefromthisactivity.Mr.Kanakaraj, says themicrofinance institutions havedisturbed the group activity.Members have left thegroupsastheMFIsgivemoreloanswithoutconsideringtheirincome.Unliketheirgroupswhereloanisprovidedbasedonthesavings,theygetloan4timestheirsavingsinthegroupandthemaximumlimitisfixedto50,000.Healsosaysthatsomepeoplewantmoneyeverydaysoprefertosellmilktooutsidevendorswhopaythemimmediately.HealsosaidthattheyareworkingtowardsaddressingtheseissuesandcreatemoreawarenessaboutthebenefitsofbeingpartofPPG.
Farm based livelihoods
Conservationofresourcesinanyform,eitherman–madeornaturalcontributesdirectlytothelivelihoodsofpoorandmarginalisedcommunities.Arrestingleakagesofincomethroughsavings,conservationofwaterandlandresources,traditionalknowledgeofrainfedfarmingandfishing,artisanalskillsandcraftsmanshipformthebasisoflivelihoodenhancementstrategies.Conservationapproachinlivelihoodsbuiltonlocalwisdom,resourcesandcapabilitiesenhancesself–relianceandsustainsdevelopment.
DHANFoundation’sVayalagamProgrammewasinitiatedtoconservesmall-scalewaterbodiesandbringbackthelocalmanagementofthetank
systeminthelongrun;theprogrammepromotespeopleinstitutions,atvariouslevelsfromtankstocascades,watershedsandatbasinlevel.Water,now,hasbecomeauniquetoolforalleviatingpoverty.Around299,000poorfarmershavebeenorganizedinto2980Vayalagams(orTankFarmers’Associations)and187Cascadeassociationsinconservingtraditionalwaterstructuresliketanks,pondsandcascades.TheprogrammewasabletomobilizeandimplementRs.900millionworthofconservationanddevelopmentprogrammesinpartnershipwithdevelopmentagenciesofstateandcentralgovernments,nationalandinternationaldonors.Theseconservationanddevelopmenteffortshaveresultedinstabilizingcultivationin75,000hectaresoftankcommandarea.
Stabilising farm-based livelihoods: Chittoor Experience
Chittoor is oneof themostdroughtpronedistricts inAndhraPradesh,wheredroughts and cropfailuresareacommonscenealmosteveryyeardue toerratic rainfall,depletedgroundwateranddegradedwaterharvestingstructuresandsoon.Thefarmingcommunitiesinthisdistricthavealwaysbeenonthelookoutforabetteralternativetosurvive.Moreoftentheyresortedtodairyasthenextbestsolutionandtheytrieddifferentcroppingpatternstomitigatethevagariesofmonsoons.
DHANFoundation entered this district in 1998 to promote itsVayalagamTank-fedAgricultureDevelopmentProgramme.InpartnershipwiththedistrictadministrationtheFoundationhasevolvedan inclusivemodel of Tank-basedwatersheddevelopment, breaking a conventional approach ofexcluding irrigation tanks fromtreatment.Theprojectwasstarted inPunganurmandal.With therestorationofirrigationresourcesandsoilandmoistureconservationworks,thefarmerswereabletoreapat leastonecropinayearandsecuredwaterfortheir livestock.Theyfoundpromotionoffarmorchardsasaviablealternativetocopeupwithassureddroughts.Seeingthesuccessofsuchinitiatives, the programmehas been subsequently expanded to nearbyPalamaner,Gudipala andRamasamudrammandals. TheProgrammehas reachedout to 6995 farm families,whohavebeenorganisedinto175VayalagamFarmers’Associationsin285villages.
Livelihood Status
" Around67percentmembersareinvolvedindairyfarming,whichshowstheimportanceofdairyactivity,acopingupstrategyoffarmers.
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" Averageextentoflandownedbyamemberis2.54acres
" Around72percentofmembersbelongtosmallandmarginalfarmers’categorywhichistheprimetargetgroupoftheVayalagamProgramme.
" LandlesscontributesAround20percentfamiliesarelandless,whoarepartofmicro-financegroupsorganisedbytheVayalagamFederations.
" Nearlyhalfofthememberssolelydependentonfarmingastheirprimaryoccupationandonethirdofthefamiliesarelabourers.
" Otheroccupationsincludessheeprearing,masons,tailors,carpenters,electricians,pettybusiness,driversandfactoryworkers.
Interventions of Vayalagams Programme in enhancing livelihoods
Over these years, farmers’ organisations promoted inChittoor district have takenup a numberof activities to sustain tank-fed agriculture,which is a critical livelihood strategy of the farmingcommunities.Inadditiontorestorationofirrigationtanksandlanddevelopmentactivitiestoenhancefarmproductionandproductivity,themicrofinanceoperationstakenupbythefarmersthemselveshaveensuredflowofcreditformakeuseoftheharvestedwater.
Poverty levelsFarm credit
(Rs. in million)Farm Ponds
(Nos.)Horticultural
plantation (ac)Land
development (ac)
S1 56.3 137 110.42 421.35
S2 42.2 241 249.3 259.87
S3 8.6 128 96.3 194.56
S4 5.6 67 195.45 121.32
Total 112.7 573 651.47 997.10
" MorethanRupees112millionworthofcredithasbeenmobilisedandissuedtomembersforvariousagricultureandlivelihoodsdevelopmentactivities.Ofthis,87percentofloanshavegonetoS1andS2families.
" 573farmpondswereconstructedtoprovidelife-savingirrigationforagricultureandhorticulturecrops.SixtysixpercentofpondsconstructedwenttoS1andS2families
" 651.47acresofdrylandwasbroughtunderhorticultureplantationtoenhanceproductivityandincome.FiftyfivepercentofplantationswereraisedonthelandsbelongtofamilieslivinginS1andS2categories.
" Around1000acresoflandwasdevelopedthroughvariouslanddevelopmentactivitieslikefield-bunding,tanksiltapplicationtodrylands,landleveling,andlayingpipelines.SixtyeightpercentofdevelopedlandsbelongtofamilieslivinginS1andS2categories.
" Renovated91tankstostabilizetank-fedagriculturein5750acres.Everyyeararound4500membersarecoveredunderlifeinsurancetoprovidesocialsecurity
" EveryyeartheVayalagamFederationsfacilitatesupplyofqualityfarminputssuchasseedsandfertilizersatlowerpricetoaround200farmers.Communitynurserieshavebeenestablishedintwoplacestosupplyqualityvegetableseedlingsforaround200farmers.Ithasbeenreportedthatsupplyofqualityseedlingshasincreasedyieldby15percent.
" Everyyeararound100farmersarebenefitedthroughfishrearinginpondsandgettinganadditionalincomerangingfromRs.3000-15000
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Advancing livelihoods
Havingcompletedoveradecadeinpromotingtank-basedwatersheddevelopment,theFederationsinChittoordistrictarenowworkingongraduatingthelivelihoodsofmemberstonextlevel.InthecomingyearstheFederationswillfocuson
" Workingwithpaddycultivatorsforenhancingproductivitybyatleast15percentthroughproductionandsupplyofqualityseeds,collectiveinputprocurementandoutputmarketing,promotingtechnologiessuchassystemofriceintensification(SRI)anddrumseeding,buildingcapacityofthefarmersthroughfarmfieldschools.
" Promoting‘dairyfarming’atlargescalebyevolvingexclusiveloanproductsandmobilizingcreditfromfinancialinstitutions,promotionof‘minidairy’conceptforensuring50-100litersofmilkproductionperday,introducingregularveterinarycareandpromotionofgreenfodderplots,collectiveprocurementofqualitylivestockfeed.
" ConstructingFarmPondsandpromotingDrylandHorticultureforsmallandmarginalfarmers.
" PromotingFruitsandVegetablescollectivemarketingthroughProducerCompany
" EstablishingLIFEcentersinalllocationstoimpartskillbuildingtrainingstomembersandalsotheirchildrenwhichwouldenhancetheirincome.
Livelihoods and gender equity
Thereisampleevidencetothegenderdifferencesinthedistributionofassets,entitlements,aswellasthegendereddivisionofactivities.Promotinglivelihoodsthatrequireequalcontribution,controlandownershipofbothmenandwomenwithinthefamilywouldensuregenderequityandequality.Whenwomengaincontroloverfinancialandlivelihoodresources,theygainvisibilityandsayoverthingsaffectingthemwithintheirfamilyandthesociety.
Theeconomicactivitieswhichrequirespecialisedskillssuchasmasonryorhandlingagriculturalequipmentsaregenerallyattendedbymen.Womenhaveagreaterstakeinagricultureastheycarryoutmostofthedifficultactivitiessuchastransplanting,weeding,andharvestingallofwhichinvolvephysicalstrain.ManywomenafterjoiningtheSHGshaveundertakentheeconomicactivitiessuchasfishmarketing,smallbusinessandpettytrading,livestockrearing,andforestproducescollection,processingandmarketing.Theyhavealsopromotedeconomicactivitygroupssuchasprimaryproducersgroups,marketingcompaniesandprocessingunits,whichresultsinimprovementoftheirstatusduetosignificantcontributiontowardseconomicdevelopment.
Thepeoples’organisationsensurethattheassetscreatedthrougheconomicactivitiesareinthenameofwomen,beingcontrolledbythem.Mencooperationinthisregardishighlyappreciable.Withthesupportofcreditfacilitiesfromtheirgroups,theassetssuchasdairyanimals,sheep,goat,bothhouselandandagricultureland,housewithbasicamenities,shops,two-wheelers,equipmentsandmachineriesrelatedtoskilledactivitiesarecreatedandregisteredinthenameofthewomen.Ithascreatedafeelingoflifesecuritytohandletheirfutureduringcalamities.
Duetoactiveparticipationofwomenindifferenteconomicactivities,theirphysicalmobilityhasincreased.Theyattendskillbuildingtrainingprogrammes,businessrelatedandregulargroupmeetings,andmakefrequentvisitstobanks,visitslocalanddistantmarkets,andnearbyvillagesanddistrictssometimestootherstates.Duringsuchtime,theirhusbandsaccompanythemandhelptheminundertakingtheactivitiesconcernedsuccessfully.Thefrequentvisitstolocalblockdevelopmentoffices,districtadministration,andotherprivateorganisationsfornegotiationandbetterdecisionmakingfortheirfavourhasincreasedtheleveltheirconfidence.Ithasincreasedaccesstoknowledgeandinformation.
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Thesocialnetworkandtheinteractionprocesseshelptheminreachingoutandaccesstonecessaryinformation.Duetothehigherdegreeofparticipation,womenarebeingconsultedforsuggestionsandbeinginvolvedinthecommunitydecisionmakingprocesses,whichleadtoincreaseintheirconfidencelevelandself-esteemandalsothepositionstheycouldgainwithintheircommunities.
New Frontiers in livelihoods
Thepoorhouseholdsarealwaysdisadvantagedinreapingthebenefitsofgrowthandnewopportunities.Demystifyingandscalingdownnewtechnologies,organisingthepoortogainaccessandcontrolovertechnologiesandcreatingfavourableenvironmentforlinkingthemwithrelevantstakeholdersforreachingscaleandsustainabilityarethekeystrategiestobringbenefitsoftheemerginglivelihoodopportunitiestothepoor.
Tourism based livelihoods
DHAN’sTourism forDevelopment theme is anoutcomeof the four-yearpilot project ‘-EndogenousTourismforRuralLivelihoods’implementedbyitinKaraikudiandKazhugumalaiinTamilNaduwiththe support ofUnitedNationsDevelopmentProgrammeandGovernment of India.One of the keylearningsoftheprojectwasthatthediversifiedlivelihoodopportunitiesexistinthetourismsectorcancontributeinpovertyreduction.‘TourismforDevelopment’isacrosscuttingthemetofacilitateDHAN’sprogrammesworkinginthelocationsoftourismimportancetocapitalizetheemergingopportunitiesinthetourismsector.Itwouldbeamulti–stakeholderandinclusiveapproachwithallthestakeholdersintourismincludingthepoorcommunities.Followingthesuccessinthesetwolocations,withthesupportof Tourismministry, the programmehas been expanded to Theerthamalai inDharmapuri district,DevipattinaminRamnadDistrictandThirupudaimaruthurinThirunelveliDistrictofTamilNadu.
The poor families are organised into tourismbasedPeoples’Organisations.Microfinance activitiesintroduced in the SHGshelp them savemoney, draw loans for their livelihoods and get insurancecover.ArtisansandserviceprovidersareorganisedintoPrimaryProducerandMarketinggroupsandfederatedasProducercumMarketingCompanies.Skillbuildingisdonefocusingonbuildingnewskillsinproduction,servicingandmarketingrelatedtotourism.ThePeoples’Organisationsarelinkedwithcommercialbanks,marketsandresourceinstitutionstomobilizeresources,produceandmarketqualityproducts.Ensuringresponsibletourismthroughpromotingtourismliteracyandcapacitybuildingisapriorityinestablishedtourismclusters.
ICT based livelihoods
Thereexistsagreatdigitaldividebetweenrichandpoor.TheICTthemeofDHANworkstowardsmakingthepoor communities to ownandmanage ICTprogrammes thatwould serve their information andcommunicationneedsinasustainablemanner.ThethemeopensupnewopportunitiestoaddresstheissuesofpovertyandgenderbypromotingThagavalagamICTgroupswithmenandwomenforprovidingaccesstonewandempoweringinformationthatcanaddresslargeinequalitiesthatthepoorcommunitiesfaceinareaslikeeducationandemployment.
TheICTProgrammereachesouttothelocalcommunitiesthroughtheVillageInformationCentersandCommunityColleges.Thesecenterswereable tocreateemploymentopportunities for the ruralpoorandalso reducing their cost and time spent on their existing livelihoods.TwentyfiveThagavalagamCommunityCollegesofferarangeofcertificateanddiplomacoursesincomputerapplicationsrecognizedbyIGNOUJoborientedcomputercourseshelpedtheyouthstoacquireemployableskillsandtheyhavebeenemployedintheirrespectivefields.Farmershavegotexposuretonewpracticesandtechnologiesin thefieldsofagricultureandanimalhusbandry throughvideoconferencingwith relevant researchdepartments.
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Way forward
DHANFoundationobserved2011-12as‘Yearoflivelihoods’tolookcloselyattheimpactthatithascreatedonthelivelihoodsofthepoorhouseholdswithwhomithasbeenworkingformorethantwodecades,consolidateitsexperiencesinlivelihoodinterventions,andinitiatetheprocessofstrategizingitslivelihoodapproachwithitsgroundexperiences.Continuingtheactivitiesinitiatedlastyear,thethematicprogrammesandinstitutionsofDHANCollectivewouldworkonadvancingthemintheforthcomingyears.
Thepeoples’organisationswouldconsolidatetheirexperiencesinlivelihoodpromotionamongthepoorhouseholds,evolveandadoptlocationspecificgoalsandstrategiesforenhancinglivelihoodsoftheirmemberfamilies.
Farminganddairywouldbegivenhighemphasisasmorethanhalfoftheonemillionpoorfamiliesaredependentonthemfortheirlivelihoods.Interventionmodelsadaptabletodifferentcontextswouldbeevolvedandintroduced
Afterathoroughinvestigationandbyinvolvingthegroups,peoples’organisationswoulddeclarealistof‘peopleoutofpoverty’eachyear,withacceptanceofthepeopledeclaredandwithverifiablefactsandindicators.
Knowledgegainedoverthelasttwodecadesinimplementingprogrammesforlivelihoodenhancementandpovertyreductionwouldbesynthesizedandmadeavailableforusebyotheractors.
Annual Report 2012
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Annual Report 2012TouchingthelivesofonemillionpoorfamilieswasamatterofprideforeveryoneinDHANFoundationinthisyear.Togetherwithorganisingthepoorcommunitiesdirectly,DHANasresourcesupportorganisation,withthecollectiveeffortsoftheprogrammesandinstitutionsintheDHANCollective,wasabletoreachthisonemillion.
Buildingonthisachievement,DHANhasstartedthestrategicplanningexercisetorevisititsvisionandmission,setgoals,andidentifystrategiestoreachthemby2017.TheannualretreatheldatMysoremarkedthebeginningofalargescaleconsultationacrosstheentireDHANCommunityincludingthepeoples’organisationspromotedbyDHANandourcollaborators.
YetanotherhonourforourcontributionwasbestowedonusbytheSitaramJindalFoundationwithaJindalPrizeforDHAN’scontributionsinruraldevelopmentandpovertyalleviation.Theprizecarriesacashcontributionofonecrorerupeestofurtherourinitiatives.
The2012versionofMaduraiWalkathonfocusedonthethemeofclimatechangeadaptation.Thisyear,theeventwasbroad-basedto19citiesacrossIndiadisseminatingtheissuesandchallengesofchangingclimates,callingpeopletoactonthemwithsimpleinterventions.ReintroducingtheforgottensmallmilletshasbeentakenasthethemefortheforthcomingWalkathon.
MaduraiSymposium2011,theflagshipknowledgemanagementeventofTata-DhanAcademy,broughtallthestakeholderssuchaspoorcommunities,NGOs,banks,government,corporateagencies,andacademicianstogethertodeliberateonthethemeof“livelihoods”.Seminars,conventions,conferences,andworkshopsonthethemeof“advancinglivelihoods”wereorganisedtosynthesiseknowledgefrompracticeandevolvestrategiestoadvancethemfurther.
TheVayalagamProgrammereachedamilestoneoffacilitatingRs.100millionworthofworksforconservinganddevelopingtraditionalwaterresourceswithcommunityinvestmentandownership.CSRcontributionswerereceivedfromcorporatehouseslikeHindustanUnileverLimited,AXISBank,ITCLimited,andBharatPetroleumCorporationLimited.ThelargescalecollaborationwiththeconservationandwatershedprojectsoftheGovernmentofAndhraPradeshhelpedusintensifyourworkintheState.
ThereisincreasingspaceforDHANtoscale-upitsKalanjiamenablingmodelofmicrofinanceinthestateofMaharashtra,thankstotheopenandreinforcingpartnershipwithMahilaArthikVikasMahamandal(MAVIM).Differentavenuesareopeninguptoevolvejointprojectsinvolvingotherstakeholders.Thehealthinterventionpackageevolvedoveradecadeofexperimentationisnowavailableforscalingup.Educationisanemerging
Annual Report 2012 37
areaofinterventionwhichwouldbetakenupintensivelyinthecomingyears.
Itwasayearofunderstandingthestatusofmembers’livelihoods,asalltheregionsandlocationsspentmoretimeincategorisingthemembersaccordingtotheirfamilyandlivelihoodstatus,profilingtheirlivelihoodsandidentifyingpotentiallivelihoodsforintervention.Thiswouldfurtherbehandledwithgreatdetailsandclarity,inthecomingyear,whichwouldfocuson“advancinglivelihoods”.AgricultureanddairyhaveemergedasthelargestportfoliooflivelihoodactivitiestakenupbythepoorfamilieswithwhomDHANisworking.Ourexperiencesintank-fedandrainfedfarmingprogrammesaregettingintegratedwithotherprogrammestobringmoresynergyandbenefitstothepoorfamilies.
TheCoastalConservationandLivelihoodsProgramme,RainfedFarmingDevelopment
Programme,andTata-DhanAcademyhavereachedastatusoffull-fledgedprogrammes.WorkingwithPanchayats,CommunicationandInformationTechnologyforDevelopment,TourismforDevelopmentwouldbecomecrosscuttingthemeswithotherprogrammes.
ThenewthemesClimateChangeAdaptation,Migration,andYouthDevelopmenthaveidentifiedthepotentialareasforpiloting.WhilethefirstonehasgotanexperimentationgrantsupportfromGIZ,thelattertwowouldworkwithexistingprogrammestopilotthem.
ContributionsintheformofproductsandservicesbythespecialisedCentresinDHANCollectiveworkingonhumanresourcedevelopment,developmentcommunication,finance,facilitatingphilanthropy,research,policyandplanninghaveplayedagreaterintegrationroleacrosstheprogrammesforenhancingtheirfieldaction.
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DHAN Foundation at a Glance
Particulars March 2010 2011 2012
Cumulative Figures
Reach
No.ofFamilies 810,185 923,865 1,047,924*No.ofPrimaryGroups 33,039 37,071 45,525No.ofClusters 1,648 1,432 1,728No.ofFederations 260 283 303No.ofVillages 9,757 10,755 12,406No.ofDistricts 51 54 66No.ofStates 12 12 12
Staff
No.ofProfessionals 331 354 331No.ofProgrammeStaff 346 393 430No.ofPeopleFunctionaries 2,197 2,118 2,261
Finances (Rs. in million)
a)ProgrammeFunds
People 2,051 2,651 3,117Banks** 2,461 2,715 2,644GovernmentandDonors(fortheyear) 104 445 245
Sub Total 4,616 5,811 6,006
b)ProgrammeManagement(fortheyear)
People 63 67 79Government 17 20 30Donors 236 192 113
Sub Total 316 279 222
Grand Total 4,932 6,091 6,228
*Includes134,000membersreachedthroughresourcesupport
**Volumeofbankcredithandledbythecommunityduringtheyear
Kalanjiam Community Banking Programme
DHANFoundationinitiatedtheKalanjiamCommunityBankingProgramin1990.Overthelasttwodecadestheseeffortsresultedindevelopingan“enablingmodel”ofmicrofinance,emphasizingmemberownership,self-help,andmutuality.Theprimaryaimofthismodelistoempowerwomenandaddresspoverty.Theprogrammefocusesonwomenandbelievesthatlocalisedfinancialinstitutionsownedandcontrolledbywomenareaneffectivewaytoalleviatepovertyandaddressgenderissues.
TheDHANKalanjiamFoundationhasbeenpromotedforscaling-uptheKalanjiamnestedinstitutionsmodel.Theapproachesoftheprogrammeare:
" TheprimaryunitistheKalanjiamself-helpgroupof15to20poorwomen.Itactsasasinglewindowandworksatthedoorstepsofthebeneficiariesforsavingsandcredittransactions.Theclusterandfederationatpanchayatandblocklevelsarethenestedinstitutionsatnexthigherlevels.TheyhelptheKalanjiamsaddressothersocialanddevelopmentneedsofthememberssuchasdrinkingwater,health,education,sanitation,accesstobasicinfrastructure,alcoholism,andgenderissue.
" Promotionofcreativefinancialproductssuchassavings,creditandinsuranceisan
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integralpartofthemicrofinanceservicesoftheprogramme.Experiencehasshownthatthe“poorcansave”,andsavingsbythepoorlaysastrongfoundationforasuccessfulmicrofinanceprogramme.Theproductsdevelopedhaveintegratedtheexistingpracticesofthepooranddevelopmentneedsofmembers.Allthethreeservices--savings,credit,andinsurance--providedbytheprogrammehavemadethepoormanagetheirfinanceseffectively.
" Thenestedinstitutionsatthepanchayatandblocklevelshelpcreatelinkageswithbanksandapexfinancialinstitutionstomeetthemultiplecreditneedsofmembers,collaboratewithotherdevelopmentagenciessuchastheGovernmenttogettheirentitlements,implementcivicprogrammesinhealthandeducation,andprovideinsuranceservices.
" Thefederationscreateaconduciveenvironmentforpromotinglivelihoodsofthememberfamiliesthroughbusinessdevelopmentservices,skillbuilding,andmarketlinkages.
" Theprogrammeidentifiesandnurturesthelatentleadershippotentialamongpoorwomenandprovidesagreatopportunityforthemtoemergeasdynamicgrassrootsleaderstomanageandsustaintheirorganisations.
" Theprogrammehasbecomeamovementcalledthe“KalanjiaIyyakam”tobringmorewomenintoKalanjiams.
Overview of the year
KalanjiamCommunityBankingProgrammeisgettingpreparedforitsnextphaseofscaling-upthatfocusesondeepeningmicrofinanceforenhancedlivelihoodsofthepoorandvulnerablecommunities.Theprogramme’sfocusduringtheyearwasmoreondefiningitsmilestonesandmobilisingresourcesneededforthenextphase.Theprogrammehaspreparedgroundsforfurtheringpartnershipwithoneofitssignificantbenefactors,SirRatanTataTrust.AtripartiteprojectinvolvingthegovernmentofMaharashtraandSRTThasbeenformulatedandsubmittedunderConvergenceofAgriculturalInterventions(CAIM).ProposalsforexpandingtheKalanjiam
programmeinnorthIndiantribalregionshavebeensharedwithHivosandOxfamIndia.
DHANispromoting27CommunityManagedResourceCentresincollaborationwithMahilaArthikVikasMahamandal(MAVIM),StateWomen’sDevelopmentCorporationofMaharashtraGovernment,inadditiontoprovidingsupportasaresourceNGO.
Asaresultofmorethanadecadeofintensiveexperimentation,theKalanjiamReproductiveandChildHealthProgrammehasevolvedintoacomprehensivehealthprogramme,whichcanbescaled-upbasedonthecontextandneedofthepeople.Thispackageputsprimacyoncommunityhealthandnutrition.StrategieshavebeenevolvedtoexpandthehealthprogrammeinalltheKalanjiamFederationsinthenextthreeyears.
TheKalanjiamprogrammeworksonbuildingamodelforconvergingmicrofinanceandlivelihoodswithaspecialfocusondairyandagriculture.Duringthisyear,amodelonbusinessbasedpeoples’organisationsfordairylivelihoodshasbeendevelopedandisreadyforscaling-up.Underagriculture,DHANFoundation’sRainfedFarmingprogrammethathasbeenwelltestedandpackagedfordifferentagro-climaticconditionswillbereplicatedbytheKalanjiamFederations.Toengenderempowermentofwomenfarmersinvolvedinagriculture,theKalanjiamprogrammeinitiatedastudytounderstandtheirpresentstatusinrain-fedandtank-fedfarmingconditions.
TowardsgraduatingKalanjiamfederationsintosustainablepeoples’organisations,theProgrammelaunchedamajordrivetosetthesystemsrightatSHGsandfederations.Allthefederationshavecompletedstatutoryauditfortheyear.TheKalanjiamMovementtransformedintoKalanjiamMutualMovement(KMM)asregisteredlegalentity.
Scaling-up of Kalanjiam Programme
TheKalanjiamProgrammehasbeenexpandedto25newlocationsinMaharashtraandnorthKarnataka.Anadditional8,838KalanjiamSHGs
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havebeenaddedreachingatotalof674,139poorfamiliesorganisedinto40,618Kalanjiamsin12Indianstates.Itincludes65,000familiescoveredunderresourcesupporttotheorganisationswithtrainingandfieldlevelsupport.AmajorpartofexpansionwasmadepossiblethroughpartnershipwithMAVIMinMaharashtra.Inanotherprogramme--PudhuVazhvu,inpartnershipwiththegovernmentofTamilNadu--DHANhasreachedover95percentoftheidentifiedpoorfamiliesinfourtribalblocksofTamilNadu,namelyKollihills,Kalvarayanhills,Jawadhuhills,andYercaudhills.Inadditiontoreviving871SHGsalreadypromotedbytheGovernment,873SHGshavebeennewlypromotedintheseblocks.
Resource Support to Other Organisations
AsaresourceNGO(RNGO)forMAVIM,DHANhascommittedtoprovideservicesforassessingthetrainingneedsandbuildingthecapacityofstaffofMAVIMatdifferentlevels,supportingindevelopingmonitoringandevaluationsystem,monitoringpeopleinstitutionsandsupportingindevelopingandpreparingtrainingsmoduleondifferentsubjects.
AscommittedtoMAVIM,fivetrainingmoduleshavebeencompletedandtrainingneedassessmentforDistrictCoordinationOfficers(DCOs)andAssistantDistrictCoordinationOfficers(ADCOs)wastakenup.Asafollowupoftheneedassessment,trainingandexposureprogrammesonself-governanceandself-financeofpeopleinstitutionswasorganisedforalltheDCOsandADCOs.RepresentativesfromothertwoRNGOsofMAVIMalsotookpartinthesetraining
programmes.MAVIMhasrequestedtoofferthismoduletootherlevelsoftheirstaffinthenextthreeyears.DHANalsoenabledDCOstoprepareabusinessplanforeachoftheCMRCswiththefocusoncostcoverage.
OrissaTribalLivelihoodandEmpowermentProgramme(OTELP)hasapproachedDHANFoundationforintroducingthefederationconceptamongtheSHGspromotedundertheprogramme.ThestatespecialistsofOTELPattendedatrainingandexposureprogrammeatMaduraitounderstandthestructureandsystemsoffederation.TheteamhasagreedtoreplicateitinOrissa.Basedontheirrequest,DHANhastakenupastatusassessmentstudyinablock.DHANwouldorganiseatrainingprogrammefortheimplementationteamsofOTELP.
Graduating Kalanjiam Federations for Sustainability
GraduatingtheexistingKalanjiamFederationsintosustainablepeoples’organisationsinvolvesachievingfinancialself-relianceandinitiatingprogrammestoaddressthelocaliseddevelopmentissuesofthepoor.Duringtheyear,oneKalanjiamFederationwaspromotedinSedappattilocationinMadurai,andqualitycheck-upprocessinfiveotherlocationswascompletedtopromotethemasfederations.
Communities Contributing to the Cost of Management
Over90federationsmeettheirentireoperationalcostswiththecontributionsfromtheirmembers.Theremainingfederationsareindifferentstagesofreachingthatposition.ThecommunityhasbeenaprimecontributorfortheKalanjiamprogramme,whereinnearly20percentoftheprogrammemanagementfundscomesfromthecommunity.Duringthisyearalone,thecommunitycontributedoverRs.73.3milliontomeetthecostsofoperations.
Withtheexperiencegainedovertheyears,Kalanjiamprogrammehasevolvedprogrammestandardsforthelocationsinruralandtribal
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contextsoncriticalparameterssuchasnumberofmembers,groups,savingsmobilised,loanfundsmobilisedfrombanks,profitabilityofSHGs,andcommunitycontributionformeetingthecostofmanagement.
Financial Services
Savings Builds Equity with Ownership Rights
ThefactorswhichthepoorkeepinmindbeforeaccessingsavingsfacilityinSHGsaresecurity,convenience,liquidity,andpositivereturns.Kalanjiammembersexpresstheirconfidenceandtrustontheirgroupswithsteadilyincreasingthequantumofsavings.Totapthesavingspotentialofthemembers,thefederationshavetakencontinuouseffortstomakethemincreasesavings.Duringthisyearalone,thegroupshavemobilisedsavingsofRs.434million,takingthecumulativesavingstoRs.2,421million.
Credit Expands Opportunities and Choices
Kalanjiamsplayavitalroleincreatingandstrengtheningthelivelihoodsofthemembers’familiesbyprovidingtimelycredit.Creditenablespoorhouseholdstostartbusinessactivities,haveadequateworkingcapital,haveaccessandcontroloverproductiveassets,beabletoupgradeexistingassets,makeinvestmentinnewassets,anddiversifyintonewactivities.Provisionofaseparatelineofcreditforconsumptionandemergencycreditneedsinsulatestheirworkingcapitalandbusinesscapitalfrombeingdiverted.AsonMarch2012theloanoutstandingwiththememberswasRs4,175million,whichrosefromRs.3,734millioninthelastyear.Inthelastyearalone,Rs.3,276millionworthofloanswereissuedbytheKalanjiamstotheirmembersforvariousproductionandconsumptionneeds.Loanrepaymentperformancehassignificantlyimprovedinallthefederations,duetorigorousmonitoringandcounsellingatthememberslevel.
Insurance Provides Safety-nets
Insuranceisafinancialproducttoaddressrisksandvulnerabilities.Creditandsavingsservicesareinadequatewhenpoorhouseholdsareexposed
toeventswhichcauselossesbeyondtheirmeans.Credit,savings,andinsuranceformatrioofcomplementarybasicfinancialservices.Thereisaneedforinsurancecoverforlife,health,assets,disability,andcrops.Inpartnershipwithmanypublicandprivateinsuranceproviders,asmanyas517,845lives,includingthewomenmembersandtheirspouses,havebeencoveredunderlifeinsurance.Memberswereeducatedonhealthinsurancethroughstreetplays,films,andcampaignsbythestaffandleaders.Sofar,27,109familymembershavebeenenrolledintheUniversalhealthinsuranceschemeofNationalInsuranceCompanyLtd.
SHG-Bank Linkages
Kalanjiamshaveshownthatbankingwiththepoorisaviablebusinessproposition,andinmanyplaces,thesegroupshavemadetheruralbankbranchesvibrantandviable.MutualtrustbetweenSHGsandbanksisacriticalforasustainablerelationship.DuringtheyeareffortsweretakentoincreasethevolumeofSHG-banklinkages.Over300branchesof36commercialbanksandregionalruralbankshavelinkedKalanjiamGroupsandprovidedcredit.ThelinkageduringtheyearwasRs.1,195millionand7,617groupshavebeenlinkedwithbanks.
Strengthening Governance and Management
OverthelasttwodecadestheKalanjiamProgrammehasestablishedsystemssuchasbook-keeping,accounting,audit,managementinformationsystems,andmonitoringand
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computerisationatpeoples’organisations.Thestabilisationofthesesystemshasgreatlyhelpedscale-uptheprogrammeacrossthecountry.
TheKalanjiamProgrammefacilitatedboardappraisalsinthefederations.Thepurposeoftheboardappraisalistoenableandempowertheboardofgovernanceinthefederationstomanagethemeffectively.Thenewlyinductedboardmembersofthefederationwereorientedontheirrolesandresponsibilities,andfunctionsofthefederationstaff.Theboardreviewedtheperformanceofthestaffaspartoftheappraisal.Thiswouldbeanannualfeatureinthefederation,whichwouldbesteeredbytheboarditself.Atthetimerotationofboardmembers,theProgrammewillfacilitatethisprocess.TheProgrammealsofacilitatedappraisalforthepeoplefunctionaries.Keydeliverablesforclusterassociates,clusteraccountantsandcomputeroperatorsweredevelopedbasedonwhichtheappraisalwasconducted.
Impacting Livelihoods
ReducingpovertywithenhancedlivelihoodsistheultimategoaloftheKalanjiamProgramme,whichworkstobringthechangesinthelivesofpoorbypromotingandenhancingviableandsustainablelivelihoodsthroughtheKalanjiamFederations.Sinceinception,theinterventionsKalanjiamProgrammehavemadesignificantimpactsonthelivelihoodsofthememberhouseholds.Specialfocusisgivenonlivelihoodsfinancingandprovidingsafety-netsthroughinsurancecoverforthelivesandlivelihoodactivities.
TheKalanjiamFederationsapproachlivelihoodinterventionsinaphasedmanner.First,existingsourcesoflivelihoodsformembersandopportunitiesaroundsuchactivitiesareidentifiedandclassifiedforintervention.Thepolicyonlivelihoodfinancingisevolvedbasedontheprioritiesofthearea.Second,thefocustoincreaseincomeisgivenbyprovidingskillandtechnology.Third,thepeopleinvolvedinsimilaractivitiesareorganisedtomaximisethereturnthroughcrosslearningandcollectiveinputandoutputmarketing
duetothescaleadvantage.Overtwodecadesofexperienceinthefield,especiallyworkingwithlivelihoods,helpedustoevolvethecomponentsforlivelihoodintermediationwhichare
" Financingforongoingandnewlivelihoodactivitiesofthemembers
" Promotingpeoples’organisationsaroundanactivity
" Vocationalskill-buildingthroughLivelihoodsInitiativewithFunctionalEducation(LIFE)
Financing for Livelihoods
Presently30percentofthetotalloanisprovideddirectlyforlivelihoodinitiatives;theremainingisforhealth,education,anddebtredemptionwhichinturnsupportslivelihoods.Toincreasetheflowofcreditforlivelihoods,theProgrammehasevolvedapolicyguidelineforthematuredandadvancedfederationtoensure75percentoftheirloansissuedforlivelihoods.Duringtheyear,DHANhasenteredintoaMoUwithCorporationBankandCommonWealthSecretariatforajointventuretoprovidecreditforlivelihoodtotheSHGmemberfamiliesatinterestrateslessthanmarketrates.ThisprojectwillbeimplementedinMaduraidistrictonapilotbasisandinitiallytheBankhasagreedtoprovideRs.10millionasloans.
Promoting Activity-Based Peoples’ Organisations
Dairy based livelihoods
TheProgrammefocussedoncreatingabaselineofmemberstocategorisethembasedontheir
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povertystatus.AttheProgrammelevel,aworkinggroupwasconstitutedtoguidethefederations.Eachfederationevolvedcontext-basedvariablesandmethodsformemberclassification;memberfamilieswerethenclassifiedasS1(survival),S2(subsistence),andS3(self-employed).Inallthefederations,abaselinehasbeencreatedthroughparticipatoryprocesses.Anactivityprofileofmembershasbeencreated.Asanoutcomeoftheactivityprofilingandcategorisation,andusingtheProgramme’sexperince,theProgrammehasdecidedtofocusontwomajorsectors,dairyandagriculture,toevolveacomprehensivemodelfor“convergenceofdevelopmentfinanceandlivelihoods”.Parallelwithotherexistinglivelihoodactivities,themajorfocuswillbegivenonthesetwosectors.
Basedontheneedandscope,theProgrammehastakeninitiativestoorganisethemembers’familiesinvolvedinlivelihoodssuchasdairy,medicinalplants,terracotta,charcoalmaking,coir,agriculturalmarketing,provisionstores,tamarindmarketingandPappadmakingasprimaryproducergroups(PPGs).Duringthisyear35PPGshavebeenpromotedtoreachatotalof135PPGs.
ActivityPrimary Producer Groups
Turnover in 2011-12
(Rs. in million)
DairyFarming 49 18.0
MedicinalPlants 35 1.2
CharcoalMaking 14 0.7
CoirMaking 31 0.4
Otheractivities 6 0.8
Total 135 21.1
Thecomponentsofdairyinterventionare
" Increasingtheanimalpopulation
" Increasingthemilkyieldandtotalsolidscontent
" Increasingtheskillbaseofthedairyfarmersontheactivity
" Improvingtheanimalhusbandryandfeedmanagementpractices
" Reducingthecostofoperationindairyfarmingthroughimprovedtechnologies
" Increasingmarketmarginforthedairyfarmers
TheProgrammefacilitatedregularreviewmeetingstostrengthenthedairyinitiatives.TheKalanjiamsinDindigulregionhavelentRs.26millionfor1,147memberstohavenewandadditionalmilchanimals.Thefederationsalsosuppliedcattlefeedatalowpricetomembers.Themutuallivestockinsuranceprogrammehasbeeninitiatedinthefederations,wheredairyfarmingispromotedintensively.AbulkmilkchillingunithasbeenestablishedatVadamaduraitohandle15,000litresofmilk.ThechilledmilkistransportedtotheKalanjiamMilkProducersCompanyLimited(KAMPCOL)atCuddalore,whichprocessesandmarketsthepocketedmilkinabrand“Anandam”.ThepurposeofKAMPCOListogiveabetterpricetoourmembersontime.EffortsweretakentostrengthensystemsindairyPPGs.BasicbooksofaccountsandMISwereintroducedinallthePPGs.AccountingforthedairygroupshasbeencomputerizedthroughTALLYsoftwareprogramme.
Agriculture based livelihoods
TheKalanjiamProgrammeisworkingonanagriculturalinterventionpackageinfivetriballocationsofOrissaandMadhyaPradeshinpartnershipwithCollectivesforIntegratedLivelihoodInitiatives(CINI).ThefocusoftheinterventionisforstabilisingKharifpaddyandmaize.Coordinatorsandfieldstaffhavebeenidentified,trained,andplacedforimplementingagriculturalprogrammeinKoraputandBetnotiblocksofOrissa.
InKoraput,cashcropssuchasginger,turmericandmaizewereintroducedtotheareacovering298farmers.Servicessuchastraining,bulkseedsupply,andtechnicaladvicewereprovidedtothefarmers.Over210farmersinvolvedintamarindcultivationwereassistedforprocessingandmarketingtheirproduces.LoansfromKalanjiamswereprovidedtothememberstoundertakethe
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activityandtrainingonpreliminaryprocessingandpackagingoftheproducewasgiven.
InBetnoti,198farmersweregiventrainingandloansupporttoundertakemushroomcultivationonacommercialscale.Allthefarmershavestartedtheactivityatthehomesteadlevel.Afarmersclubwasinitiatedwithmembershipof43farmers.StepshavebeentakentolinkthoseclubswithagriculturaldepartmentsandNABARDtogettechnicalsupport.
InBetnotiandKoraput,“Banraj”breedofbackyardpoultrywasintroducedwiththesupportofveterinarydepartment.Asmanyas517farmersweresupportedtogrowthebirdsbyprovidingsubsidizedsupplyofbirdsandloansfromSHGs.
AsituationassessmentstudywastakenupinKottampattyblockofMaduraidistrictinTamilNaduandKoratagereofTumkurdistrictinKarnataka.Anintegratedfarmingsystemmodelwouldbeintroducedinboththeblocks.Thecapacitybuildingandlinkagewiththeagriculturedepartmenthasbeeninitiatedasanentrypointprogramme.Around230farmershavebeentrainedundersystemofriceintensificationinKottampatty.
TheKalanjiamProgrammepilotedaprojectforlinkingtheprimaryvegetableproducersofMagadiblockofBangaloreruraldistrictwiththeBangaloreurbanvegetablemarkets.Resultsofthepilotwereencouragingasitprovedtobehighlybeneficialfortheprimaryvegetableproducers.Theygotbackwardandforwardlinkagesupportthroughthepilotandasaresulttheywereabletoincreasetheirproductivityandalsorealisehighermarketmargins.Aproducercompanyhasbeenpromotedtocoordinatemarketingactivities.
Livelihoods Initiative with Functional Education (LIFE)
Appropriateknowledgeandskillareessentialforpeopletosuccessfullyrespondtotheopportunitiesandchallengesofsocial,economic,andtechnologicalchanges.Providingrequiredskillstoenhancetheemployabilityoftheyouthsandbuildtheircapacitiestomeettheneedsofthecurrentjobmarketisrequired.Withvibrant
collaborationbetweengrassrootsorganizationsinvolvedinskillbuildingandindustriesthatareinneedofmanpowerwecanchannelizethehumanresourceforabetterfuture.LivelihoodInitiativewithFunctionalEducation(LIFE),promotedbytheKalanjiamProgramme,aimsatimpartinglivelihoodorientedskillstopoorwomenandmenthroughvocationaleducation.Theexpectedoutcomeistomakethememployableandcapableofbecomingentrepreneurs,andtherebyenablingthemtocomeoutofpoverty.
LIFEcentershavebeenpromotedinMadurai,Tanjore,Pallathur,Nilakottai,Kalugumalai,andMaraimalaiNagarlocationsinTamilNaduandMysoreinKarnataka.Thesecentresofferjoborientedcoursesincomputereducation,tailoring,handembroidery,artificialjewellerymaking,herbalcultivation,simplechemicalpreparation,basicandadvancedbeautyculture,twowheelermechanism,andsmallmilletsfoodproducts.Allthesecentreshavegivenskillbuildingto793students,outofwhich715arefemalecandidates.AsystemwasintroducedtotrackthestatusofemploymentofthecandidateswhoweretrainedintheLIFEcentres.Adatabaseofthetraineeswascreatedanditwasregularlyupdatedincontactwiththeformerstudentsofthecentres.Outof793studentswhoweretrainedinthecentresduringthereportingperiod,60percentwereabletogenerateincomeeitherthroughself-employmentorthroughplacementinotheragencies.
Civic Initiatives by the Kalanjiam Federations
Health Interventions
Basedonthefeltneedofthepeopleandtheirfamilies,theKalanjiamProgrammehasadvanced
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theKalanjiamReproductiveandChildHealthinitiative.Ithasevolvedapackageofhealthprogrammescoveringcurativehealthcare,malariacontrol,HIV/AIDScontrol,sanitation,andsafedrinkingwater.EachfederationchoosesaprogrammerelevanttotheircontextandadaptsthemodeldesignedbytheKalanjiamProgramme.Inthecomingyears,theProgrammewouldworkonnutritionasacoreareaofhealthinterventionwithcommunityparticipationandmainstreamlinkage.Amongthenutritionalissues,irondeficiencyanaemia,willbeattendedbyallthefederations.
Anaemia Reduction Programme
TheKalanjiamProgrammehasplannedtoinitiatetheanaemiareductionprogrammein70locations,ofwhich25locationshavealreadystartedtheprogramme.Themainobjectiveoftheprogrammeistoreduceprevalenceofanaemiabytwentypercentasagainstthebaselinebyadoptingbehaviourchangecommunicationstrategies.Thetargetgroupsfortheanaemiaprojectareadolescentgirls
intheagegroupof10to19yearsandpregnantwomen.Baselinedatahasbeencollectedinallthefederations.Nearly7,851adolescentgirlshavebeenidentifiedandorganisedinto392groups.Nearly449pregnantwomenareidentifiedforindividualcounseling.
Thebaselinesurveyfortheassessmentofknowledge,attitude,andpractice(KAP)wasconductedfor50adolescentgirlsand25pregnantwomenineachfederationalongwiththehaemoglobintesttoassesstheiranaemicstatuswhichwasfoundtobe85.7percentamongtheadolescentgirlsand93.2percentamongthepregnantwomen.Thehealthassociatesinitiatedanaemiaeducationwiththeeducationalmaterialslikeflipcharts,handbillsandhandbooksingroupmeetingsandindividualcounseling.Aconceptofself-healthgovernancehasbeenintroducedinKalanjiams,village,cluster,andfederationlevelstoimplementthehealthinitiatives.Sofar2,614healthforumshavebeenpromotedcovering40,993membersinallthefederations.About114clusterlevelself-healthgovernanceforumscovering1,026executivemembersandfederationlevelforumshavebeenpromotedinallthefederations.
Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Programme (WASH)
SafedrinkingwaterandsanitationarethetwodifferentcomponentsintheWASHprojectwhichisimplementedin19locations.AwarenesscreatedamongtheKalanjiammembersthroughhealtheducationforconsumingboiledwater,filteringwaterwitheightfoldedclothandfetchingwaterincleanvesselswhichareconsideredtobebasicandeasilyadoptablepractices.Morethan80percentofthemembershavefollowedthispractice.Baselinedetailsabouttheavailabilityoftoiletfacilitiesinmembers’housewerecollected.SubsequentlythedatabaseonthememberswillingnesstoconstructatoiletathomewascollectedandsubmittedtoDRDAsconcernedformobilisingresourcesunderthetotalsanitationprogramme.Communicationmaterialslikeflashcardsandflipchartswereusedforhealtheducationamongthemembersinallthefederations.
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Educational Intervention
WhileenrolmentforprimaryeducationisincreasinginIndia,attendanceratesareverypoor,particularlyduringagriculturalseasons.InlocationssuchasKoraput(Orissa),Latehar(Jharkhand),andRatlam(MadhyaPradesh),primaryschoolgoingchildrenareinvolvedinagriculturalandforestryactivities.Duringtheagriculturalseason,theattendancewouldbelessthan25percent.InordertoaddresstheseissuestheKalanjiamProgrammeinitiatedremedialeducationcentresinBorigumma,B.Singpur,Betnoti,andLatehar.LateritwasexpandedtoMoroda,Sailana,Bajna,andPiploda.Sofar85remedialeducationcentreshavebeenpromotedin10locationscovering1,963pupils.Pupilsofstandard1to5areenrolledintheremedialeducationcentres.Trainingprogrammeonactivitybasedlearning(ABL)wasgiventotutorsofBorigumma,B.Singpur,Koraput,Similiguda,andBetnotilocationswithsupportofSodhana,aNGObasedatVijayawada.Textbooksissuedbythe
respectivestategovernmentsareusedforteaching.Thereisagrowingdemandforsettingupsuchcentresinotherplacesaswell.
Systems to Strengthen Implementation
Systemsforverifyingtheaccountsofpeoples’organisationsfromtheSHGstofederationlevelshavebeenestablishedwithmonthly,quarterly,half-yearly,andyearlymeasurementinvervals.TostandardiseandintensifytheauditprocesstheProgramintroducedtheinternalverificationsystemwithchecksatmultiplelevels.Awarenesscreatedtothefieldstaffontheimportanceofmaintainingqualityaccountsandpolicycompliancehaspaidgoodresults.Anintegratedsoftwarepackage,“DhanamVersion3”,wasrolledout;thenewversionensuresthequalityofdataandaudit.Basedontheexperienceandfeedback,onlinedataentrywastestedinafewlocations.AftersuccessfulexperiencefromtheselocationsnowtheProgrammehasplannedtoextendittootherlocations.
2010 2011 2012
Reach No.ofFamilies 485,867 619,439 674,139*No.ofPrimaryGroups 28,488 31,780 40,618ClusterDevelopmentAssociations 1,436 1,193 1,451No.ofBlocks 173 184 209No.ofFederations 108 122 122No.ofVillages 7,489 8,074 9,336No.ofDistricts 45 46 48No.ofStatesandUnionTerritories 12 12 12
Finance (Rs. in million) Totalownfunds 1,928 2,554 2,819Totalsavings 1,659 1,987 2,421Reservesandsurplus 268 567 398
SHG-Bank Linkage No.ofbranchesinvolved 320 320 322No.ofbanksinvolved 31 34 36No.ofloansmobilised 78,706 87,355 94,972Amountmobilised 1,294 1,100 1,195Loan outstanding with members 3,300 3,734 4,175
Total credit generated 10,782 13,580 16,856
*Includes 65,000 poor families covered through resource support
Status of Kalanjiam Community Banking Programme
Vayalagam Tank-fed Agriculture Development Programme
TherearenumeroussmallirrigationtankstructuresspreadovertheentireDeccanPlateau,whichservemillionsofsmallandmarginalfamiliesinSouthIndia.Thetankshavedeterioratedbecauseofneglectandneedurgentrenovationandgoodmanagement.TheVayalagamTankfedAgricultureDevelopmentProgrammewasinitiatedintheyear1992toworkonthesewaterbodieswiththeparticipationoffarmers.Theprogrammebelievesthatlocalmanagementofthetanksystemcanbetheonlysolutiontotheprobleminthelongrun.TheDHANVayalagam(Tank)Foundationhasbeenpromotedforthefollowingcorepurposes:
" Povertyreductionofsmallandmarginalfarmers,thelandless,andwomenthroughconservationanddevelopmentofsmallscalewaterresources.
" Buildingandsustainingnestedinstitutionstoensurelocalmanagement.
" Makinglivelihoodssustainableforfarmersthroughstabilisingtank-fedagriculture.
Theprogrammehasmovedfromworkingonisolatedtanks,tocascade-watershed,smallscalewaterbodies,basinandnow“water”asauniquetoolforalleviatingpoverty.Thekeycomponentsoftheprogrammeare:
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" Organisingfarmersaroundthetanksandlateronatthelevelofcascades,blocks,districtetc.
" Rehabilitatingwaterharvestingstructureswithfarmers’contributionandparticipationtoimprovetheacquisitionofwater,restorethesystemefficiencyandincreasewateruseefficiency.
" Tank-basedwatersheddevelopmentisadistinctvalueadditionoftheprogramme.Tankrehabilitationasacomponentofwatersheddevelopmentpavesthewayforharvestingalltherainwaterwithineachwatershedboundary.
" Promotingmicrofinancegroupstoprovideaccesstosavings,credit,andinsuranceservicestofarmers.Thesegroupsbringfarmerstogetherregularlytodiscusstheconservationoftanksandsustainingtank-fedagriculture.
" TheVayalagamAgricultureDevelopmentCentresareworkingtoraiselandproductivitytoimprovethelivelihoodofcommandareafarmersbycreatingawarenessaboutnewfarmingandirrigationmanagementtechniquesthroughfarmschools,promotingseedfarmstoproducequalityseeds,andfacilitatingbulkpurchaseoffarminputstogetthebenefitsofeconomiesofscale.
" Collaboratingwithnationalandinternationalacademicandresearchinstitutionstodoresearchontanksystemsandtank-fedagriculture.
" Theprogrammeconstantlyinteractswiththelocal,StateandCentralGovernmentstofundtankdevelopmentworkandtoframebetterpoliciesfortanksystemadministration.
Building Social Capital for Water and Food Security
Vayalagamisagrassrootscommunityorganisationpromotedatthevillageorhamletlevelforsafeguardingtraditionalsmallwatercommonsthatsustainthelivelihoodsofsmallandmarginalfarmerswhodependonthem.Vayalagamsarepromotedasaresultofintensivecampaignstakenupwiththeinvolvementoffarmersbenefitted
byrehabilitatedtanks.Duringthisyear,307Vayalagamswerepromotedbyorganising19,551smallandmarginalfarmfamilies,reachingatotalof298,585families.Thirty-twoCascadeDevelopmentAssociationswerepromotedbynetworkingVayalagamspromotedaroundhydrologically-linkedtanks.Thirty-seventankfarmers’federationsarefunctioningwiththeadditionofsixfederationspromotedduringtheyear.
TheVayalagamTankConservationMovementlaunchedonMarch7,2002byShri.AnnaHazareinMaduraigotashapeofaninstitution,andithasbeenregisteredasaVayalagamMutualMovement.TheMovementhasconvenedits10thannualGeneralBodyprecededwithExecutiveCommitteemeetinginMaduraiandcameoutwithelevendeclarationstoshapethefutureoftraditionalwatercommons.
Conservation and Development for Securing Water-Based Livelihoods
Vayalagam Approach
Basin Development:Riverbasinsandintegratedwaterresourcesmanagementareseenasthedevelopmentinterventionunitforbringingwatersecurityandenhancingagriculturalproductivity.DHAN’sVayalagamProgrammehasidentifieddroughtintensive,povertyhitnonperennialriverbasinsnamelyGundarbasininTamilNaduandKoundinyaminorbasininAndhraPradesh.Astheyfallinquitelargeareas,DHANlookstoworkintensivelyinriverbasinsandpromotestakeholdersforumalongwithpeopleinstitutionsforwatergovernance.
Tank Cascade/Tank-based Watershed Development: Thepastdecade’sexperienceonconservationofsmallscalewaterresourcesdemonstratedconservationanddevelopmentprovidesstabilityandeffectivewaterdemandmanagement.ThisapproachatthemicrowatershedlevelhasreceivedsupportfrommainstreamagenciesandnationalschemessuchasNationalWatershedDevelopmentProgrammefor
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RainfedAreas,DroughtProneAreaProgramme,andschemesofNABARDsuchasIGWDPandWDF.CorporatesocialresponsibilityinitiativesofITC,AXISBank,andHULalsosupportedthisapproach.
Conservationanddevelopmentoftraditionalirrigationresourcesleadstosustainablelivelihoods.Rehabilitationsecureswaterforstabilisedfarmincome,additionalincomethroughfisheries,andincreasedareaundercultivation.Continuousfundingisrequiredtoachievethisconservationanddevelopmentdrive,whichismatchedwithcommunityinvestments.TheVayalagamprogrammewassuccessfulinraisingresourcesfromthestateandcentralgovernmentagenciesunderwatersheddevelopmentprogrammes,corporateinstitutionsundercorporatesocialresponsibilityinitiatives,andindividuals.Withadequateprogrammefundsonhand,conservationanddevelopmentwasthepriorityoftheProgrammeduringthisyear.
Features of Vayalagam Model
Enabling People Rather than Delivering Services
TheProgrammeenablesthelocalcommunitytoactivelyparticipateintherehabilitationprocessrightfromtheplanningstage.ThisisachievedbypromotingPeople’sInstitutions,buildingtheircapacity,makingthemtosharethecostofrehabilitation,simplifyingandscalingdownthetechnology.
Protecting the Tank Water Spread Area from Siltation and Encroachment
Siltationandencroachmentinthetankwaterspreadareaarefoundtobethemajorphysicalcausesforthepoorperformanceofthetanksystems.DHAN’stankrehabilitationstrategyencompassesthefollowingspecialcomponents.
" Evictionofencroachmentprecedestankrehabilitation.
" Treeswillbeplantedinthearealyingbetweenthelinesoffulltanklevel(FTL)andthemaximumwaterlevel(MWL)inthe
tankforeshore.Theusufructsofthetreeswillbeasourceofadditionalincomeforthecommunity.Thetreesalongwiththegrowthofnaturalvegetationaroundthemwillactasavegetativebarrierincurtailingtheentryofsiltfromthecatchmentareaintothetank.
" Atrenchwillbeexcavatedalongthetankboundary,formingabundonthedownstreamsidewiththeexcavatedearth.Thiswouldprotectthetankboundarylinesothatanyfurtherencroachmentiseasilyvisibletoenabletheevictionattheinitialstageitself.Further,thiswouldalsofacilitatetheconservationofmoistureusefulforthegrowthoftreesplantedbelow.
Eliminating Wastage of Water through Leaky Sluices
Inmostofthetanks,wastageofwaterthroughleakysluicesgoesunnoticed.Evenanapparentlynegligibleleakagethroughonesluiceduringitsclosureperiodinacropseasoncauseswastageofwaterthatissufficientforoneortwoirrigationsinitscommandarea.Thepaddleshuttersarenotleakproof.ThereforeDHANhasrevivedtheancestor’stechnologyofplugandrodtypeofsluiceregulationforaleak-proofoperationofthesluiceaswellasforfineregulationofflow.Theseplugandrodshutterscostlessthan20percentofscrewgearpaddleshutters.
Dead Storage
Intheconventionaltankrehabilitationworks,de-siltingoftankbedisdoneonlyuptothesilllevelofsluiceoutlet.Consideringthatthevillagetankisamultipurposeinfrastructure,DHANadvocatescreatingadeadstorageinapartoftankbed,sothatthewaterstoredinthisareawouldbeavailablebothforalifesayingirrigationwhenneeded,andforusebythevillagelivestock.Inlandfishingtakenupinsuchareaswouldprovideadditionalincometothevillagers.
Execution of Work by the Community
Therehabilitationworksexecutedbythelocalcommunity(waterusers’associations)withoutengagingoutsidecontractorswouldensure
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effectiveuseofresourcesandqualityofwork.Itwouldbringthefeelingofownershipbythecommunityandbuildtheirconfidenceforfuturemaintenanceandmanagementofthetanksystem.
TheProgrammetouchedamilestoneoftakingupRs.101millionworthofconservationworksduringtheyeartomakethewaterbodiesefficientandeffectivetostoreenoughwaterduringthemonsoonwhichinturnhelpedthedependentfarmingcommunitytostabilisetheirlivelihood.Theconservationanddevelopmentworkscommencewithplanningbytheusers,makingestimates,mobilisinginvestmentfromthecommunity,issuingformalapprovalsandsanctions,extendingtechno-managerialassistancetotheVayalagams,andexecutingtheworkwithoutinvolvingcontractors.
Financial Inclusion for Agriculture Development
Communityempoweredself-helpmodelofmicrofinanceisprovenbeyonddoubttobringpeopleoutofpovertyinasystematicmannerunlikemicrofinanceinstitutionspromotedinamushroomingway.Vayalagamspromotemicrofinancegroupswith10to20farmersandlandlesslabourers,whichprovideservicessuchassavings,credit,andinsurancetocatertotheirneeds.Duringthereportingperiod,374microfinancegroups(MFGs)havebeennewlypromoted,alltheMFGshavecollectivelymobilisedsavingsofRs.40.4millionduringthereportingperiodandmobilisedRs.54.9millioninloansfrom
banks.GettinglinkageswithcommercialbanksinthestateslikeOrissaandBiharwasanuphilltask.Though,theissueshavebeentakenupatdistrictadministrationandNABARD,therewasnoresponsefromthebankstolendtothepoor.CumulativelythefarmershaveanoutstandingofloansofRs.180.3million.
Natural Resource Management with Loan Support
TheNABARDsponsoredUmbrellaProgrammeforNaturalResourceManagementwasexperimentedfor11non-conventionalloanproductsin10blocklevelfederationsinTamilNaduandAndhraPradesh.TheprogrammehasfacilitatedthedisbursementofloansworthofRs.20millionfromtheKalanjiamDevelopmentFinancialServicesto1,561familiesforvariousfarmrelatedactivities.Activitiessupportedunderthisprojectweretanksiltapplication,landdevelopmentintankcatchmentandcommandarea,orcharddevelopment,deepeningcommunitywells,seedproductionandmarketing,herbalplantcultivation,fishrearingintanksandponds,creationoffarmpondsanddrinkingwaterponds,andcommunitynursery.AconventionwiththefarmerswasorganisedtosynthesisethelessonsfromtheprojectaspartofMaduraiSymposium2011.
Farmers Clubs
FarmersClubssupportedbyNABARDisaplatformwhichbuildsrelationshipbetweenfinancialinstitutionsandthemembersinvillagestosteerfinancialinclusionandprovidevariousproductivityenhancementserviceslikeagriculturalextensionbyinvitingexpertsonthesubjectmatter,exposurevisits,technologydemonstration,andagriculturalcommoditypricesthroughmobilephones.
TheVayalagamsProgrammehasgotNABARD’sapprovalfor140FarmersClubsinMaduraiandSivagangaidistrictsinTamilNadu.IncludingChittoor,Nalgonda,WarangalandYadagirdistrictsinAndhraPradesh,thereare256farmersclubsconveningregularactivities.Eachclub
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receivesanannualoperationalgrantofRs.3000toRs.5000.Expertsfromagriculture,horticulture,veterinaryandforestrydepartmentsinadditiontoagriculturalscientistsofKVKandagriculturalresearchstationswereinvitedtoprovideneedbasedtrainingsandmethoddemonstration.Themembersreceivedtrainingsonorganicfarming,systemofriceintensification,andhoneybeerearing,andassistanceforcollectivemarketingofmaize,seedtreatment,andlivestockdevelopment.
Resource Support to Other Organisations
TheVayalagamProgrammeenteredintoaMemorandumofUnderstandingwithNABARD,AndhraPradeshtoactasaresourcesupportorganisation(RSO)forNalgonda,Nizamabad,andKarimnagardistrictsin2009.AspartofRSOactivitiesinthreedistricts,professionalteamfromDHANvisitedtheprojectssupportedbyNABARDformonitoringandtrainingtotheprojectfacilitatingagencies(PFAs).TheVayalagamProgrammesupports22PFAsimplementing70watershedscovering27mandalsinthesethreedistricts.Atotalof335visitsweremadebytheteamstoprovidefieldlevelsupportatvariousstagesofimplementation.TrainingswereprovidedtothePFAstaffmembers,villagewatersheddevelopmentcommitteemembersandwatershedlevelsupervisorsduringtheyear.Allthese22PFAshaveimplementedwatersheddevelopmentworksworthofRs.105millioncumulatively.
Access to Safe Drinking Water at Households
Globally,lackofaccesstosafewaterandsanitationclaims4,000children’sliveseveryday,ruinsthelivesofgirlsandwomen,stifleseconomicgrowth,andlowersthestandardoflife.Lackofadequatequantumandsafequalitywaterandpropersanitationtomorethan40percentofglobalpopulationisaseriousconcern.Shockingly,thiscrisisiscompletelypreventablebyteachingthepooraboutmethodstoaccesssafedrinkingwater.TheVayalagamProgrammehasbeenpromotingsimple,affordablehouseholdwatertreatmentusingbiosandfilterssince2004.
Duringthisyear,sixtrainingprogrammeswereconductedatMadurai,Tirupudaimarudhur,Tuticorin,Thanjavur,andChittoorregions.Over279membersincluding178womenweretrainedonsafedrinkingwater,principlesandprocessoffiltrationinbiosandfilter,fabricationandinstallation,andpostinstallationmaintenanceofbiosandfilters.TheProgrammecouldraisedemandforabout514filtersandinstalled463filters.
AsapartofcelebratingWorldWaterMonitoringDay,theVayalagamProgrammereceivedtestkitstotestwaterin50sourcesfromNeerFoundation,aMeerutbasednon-governmentorganization.TestsforPH(acidity),turbidity(clarity),dissolvedoxygen(DO),andtemperaturewereconductedindrinkingwaterponds,handpumps,andborewellwatersuppliedthroughpublictapsin46watersourcesfrom30villagesinsixblocksintwodistrictsofTamilNadu.Mostofthesesourcesareusedfordomesticpurposesandfewofthemforbathingandwashingclothes.Withtheresultsofthetests,thelocalcommunitieswereinformedaboutpresentstatusoftheirwatersourceandneedforprotectingthem.
Urban Water Resources and Wastewater Reuse
TheCentreforUrbanWaterResources(CURE)inVayalagamProgrammefocusesonurbanwaterresourcesprotection,wastewaterreusethroughDEWATS,andensuringwaterqualityinurbanhouseholds.Duringthisyear,thecentrehascompletedandinauguratedaCommunityBasedSanitationandDEWATSunitatPanaiyurvillage,nearMaduraiatacostofRs.14.80lakhsbenefiting300families.AnotherunitisfunctioningatTata-DhanAcademyasademonstrationunit.ThefunctionalperformanceofwastewaterrecycledinDEWATSwasassessedbyawaterqualitytestlaboratoryinAuroville.Thequalityofwateriswellwithinthequalitynormsprescribedforrecycling.TheexplorationsweremadetointegrateDEWATSaspartoflocalplanningwithvillagecommunityinRajakkalpatti,MaduraiVillageTourismCommitteemembersofTirupudaimaruthur,KazhugumalaiandTheerthaMalai.
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TheCentrehasbroughtoutpamphletsonDEWATSanditsoperationsaswellasuseinTamilandTelugu.Aone-daytechnicalsessiononDEWATSforgatedcommunitiesandtownshipswasorganisedatMaduraialongwithCDDforBuilders’AssociationofIndia,MaduraiCentre.Aworkshopon“CaseStudiesonWaterandWasteWaterforLivelihoods”wasorganisedaspartofMaduraiSymposium2011.
Inland Fishery as Alternative Livelihood
TheVayalagamProgrammeisstrivingforcommunityinlandfisheriesdevelopmentinsmallscalewaterbodiessuchastanksandponds.Intheseminorirrigationtanks,fisheryisfacilitatedbyprovidingdeadstoragetoextendtheperiodofwaterstorage.Deadstorageisthestoredwaterbelowthesilllevelofthesluicewhichcannotbetakenbygravitationalforceforirrigation.Thiswillhelptostorewaterforanextendedperiodoftwomonthsforsuccessfulfishrearing.
Salient features of inland fishery in tanks and ponds:
" Makingfulluseofavailablewaterinruralcommonwaterresourcesbytakingupfishrearing.
" Providingadditionallivelihoodforsmallandmarginalfarmersandlandlessagriculturallabourers.
" ProvidingadditionalincometotheVayalagamstosustainthemaintenanceofruralwatereco-systems.
" Providingproteinrichfoodattheirreachtoofferadditionalnutritiontoruralcommunity.
" Generatingemploymentforinlandfishermenandlandlessagriculturallabourers.
" Poly-culturetechniqueisadoptedinrainfedtanksbystockingfishseedsofcarpsandMurrel.Thecarp’svarietyspeciesareCatla,Rohu,Mrigal,Commoncarp,Silvercarp,andGrasscarp.TheseedsofMurrelarewildseedswhicharenaturallycollected.Apartfromthese,wehavestockedPangasiusandIridescentorstrippedsharkspecies.Compositefishculturetechniqueisadoptedinvillagepondsandfarmponds.Thetotalstockedwaterspreadareais2000acres.
" Averagestockingnumbers/acre:2000
" Totalnumberoffingerlingsstocked:4million
" Survival:30percent
" Averagegrowth:500gms
" Biomass:600tons
" Grossincome:Rs24million
" Expenditure:Rs8.4million
" Netreturn:Rs15.6million
Nearly2600Vayalagammemberstookupfishrearingin289farmpondsand1547otherwaterstoragestructuresorwaterharvestingstructureslikecheckdams,openwells,andhouseholdponds.Theresultsoffarmpondsmostlydependontheinvolvementofindividualsinfishrearing.Thefactorscontributingtothesuccessarewateravailability,waterquality,survivalrate,andsufficientdepth.Themajorfactorsforthepoorharvestareoverstocking,lackoffeeding,poaching,andfloodwash.TheaverageincomesfromfarmpondsarevariedfromRs.250toRs.3200.
Social Security through Rainfall Index Based Crop Insurance
Basedontheexperiencegainedonrainfallindexbasedcropinsuranceduringlastyear,PeopleMutualsinitiatedthemutualcropinsurancepilotprojectintenlocationsnamelyMudukulathur,Singampuneri,Kottampatti,Theni,Sedapatti,T.Kallupatti,Tirukalukundram,Poondi,Tiruvalangadu,andPunganurfederations.Duringthisyear,productsweredevelopedfordifferentcropsindifferentstagesandrigorouslyfollowedtheenrolment.Theproductwasdesignedby
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farmersatlocationlevelandimplementedonthebasisofmutuality,managedbythefederationswiththesupportofPeopleMutuals,aninstitutionpromotedbythefederationstofocusonsocialsecurity.Theriskswerecoveredinthreeways,suchasdeficitrainfall,dryspell,andexcessrainfall.Inthesetenblocks7150farmersinsuredtheircropscoveringriskof2772acresworthRs.11millionandtheclaimsworthofRs.1.5millionweremadeto2000farmers.
Positioning the Vayalagam Model " TheVayalagamProgrammeusedMaduraiSymposium2011,abiennialknowledgemanagementeventinMaduraitoorganisetwopeopleconventionsandfiveseminars(oneseminarwasco-hostedwithIWMI-TataWaterPolicyProgramme).
" TheurbanwaterinitiativeonsanitationandwastewaterreusewaspresentedatapostersessionorganisedintheStockholmWorldWaterWeek.
" ThestudydoneonITCorridorinChennaionenumerationofsmallwaterbodies
waspresentedattheInternationalWaterAssociationWorldSeminarinSouthKorea.
" RepresentativesfromtheVayalagamProgrammewerepartofCentralPlanningCommission’sworkinggrouponMediumandMinorIrrigationandWaterGovernancefor12thFiveYearPlan.
" DHANFoundationhasbeenaccordedsanctionstobeaNSOundertheAPCTMPforfourMandalsinChittoordistrictfortwoyears.
" TheVayalagamProgrammerepresentedatthemulti-stakeholderconsultationworkshopforUNIndiaWaterDevelopmentReportinHyderabad.
" TheProgrammealsorepresentstheAdvisoryCommitteeofNationalWaterAcademy,aneducationandtraininginitiativeofCentralWaterCommission,GovernmentofIndia.
" ApresentationwasmadeonDHAN’sTank-basedWatershedApproachinLivelihoodsImprovementattheConsultationMeetingorganisedbytheMinistryofRuralDevelopmentonConvergenceofMGNREGSandIWMP.
Particulars 2010 2011 2012
Spread of the programme a)No.ofStates 6 6 6
b)No.ofDistricts 22 22 25
c)No.ofVayalagams 2,442 2,673 2,980
d)No.ofCascadeandWatershedAssociations 161 155 187
e)No.ofFederations 31 31 37
f)No.ofMembers 182,801 212,879 298,585*
g)Commandareabenefited(inha.) 63,101 60,800 75,000
Physical works implemented during the year (Rs. in million) a)ThroughFarmersContribution 12 13 21
b)ThroughGovt.andotheragencies 36 38 80
c)AgricultureCreditsupportthroughMFGs 41 114 291
*Includes 65,000 farm families covered through resource support
Status of Vayalagam Agriculture Development Programme
Coastal Conservation and Livelihoods Programme
DHANFoundationrespondedimmediatelyafterthetsunamiin2004andtookupreliefwork.Theimmediatereliefneedswereaddressedafteraskingthelocalcommunitytoidentifywhattheyneeded.Afterthereliefphase,DHANtookuptheroleofenablingtherestorationoflivelihoodactivitiesintheaffectedregions.Thishasnowbecomeafull-fledgedandareabasedprogramme.Theprogrammefollowsanintegratedandholisticapproachtoaddresstheissuesinlivelihoodsandconservationofcoastalecosystem.Withoutupsettingthesocialfabricandculturalidentities,thefollowingprogrammecomponentshavebeendesigned.
" Promotingpeoples’organisationsamongthemostvulnerablecommunities:marginalizedfishingcommunities,affectedcoastalfarmers,affectedwomenandfamiliesinvolvedinalliedactivities.Theygetaccesstosavings,credit,andinsuranceservicesinadditiontosupportfortheirlivelihoodactivities.
" Conservingnaturalresourcessuchascoastaleco-system,marinebio-system,waterbodies,andcoastalfarmstoreducepovertyandvulnerabilityandtomakefisheriesandcoastalagriculturesustainable.
" Buildingbusiness-basedpeople’sorganisationsandtheirnetworksto
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strengthentheirexistinglivelihoodsandencouragethemtotakeupalternativelivelihoods.
" Establishingdisastermitigationstrategiesthroughdisastermanagementcommittees,earlywarningsystemsthroughnetworkedVICs,andcreatingcorpusfundsatthePeople’sOrganisationsforfacingfuturedisasters.
" WorkinginpartnershipwiththePanchayatanddistrictlevelmainstreamagenciestocoordinateeffectivelyunderanyemergencysituations.
Organising the Coastal Communities
ExpansionofprogrammeandsupportingthefederationsforreachingsustainabilitywerethetwomajorareasoffocusduringthisyearforCALLProgramme.Theprogrammehasbeenexpandedto87villages;12,780poorfamilieshavebeenorganisedinto824SHGsofcoastalfarmers,womenandfisherfolk.
Thefederationsfocusedonfulfillingthecompliancessuchasauditing,annualgeneralbodymeetingandmahasabhas.Theprogrammeteamensuredinternalauditingandreportsweresharedwiththeexternalauditors.Aone-dayworkshopwasorganisedatMaduraitodiscussabouttheoutcomeoftheinternalaudit,whichhashelpedreviewtheoutcomesoftheinternalaudit.Statuaryauditingwasdoneforalltheprimaryandsecondaryinstitutionswithchartedaccountants.Theauditreportsweresharedwiththerespectivegroupsandfederationsintheirannualgeneralbodymeetings.
Facilitating Financial Services
TheprogrammehasmadecontinuouseffortstomotivatetheSHGstomobilisefinancialresourcestomeettheirgrowingcreditneeds,primarilyassavingsbythememberfamilies,andsecondlythroughlinkingwithlocalcommercialbanks.Intensivetrainingswereorganisedtothestaffandleaders,memberlevelorientationandregularcontactswithbankers.Allthenewgroupmembers
havestartedsavingRs.100permonthandexistinggroupshaveincreasedratesofsavings.AllthemembershavesavedRs.15.6millionintheirSHGsduringtheyearandcumulatively,theyhavesavedRs.313.3million
Despitetheeffortstomobiliseresourcesfrombankasloans,theoveralltrendwasnotsoimpressiveinthecoastalarea.SteeringcommitteemeetingsorganisedwiththebankerstosortoutissuescouldbringonlyalittleimprovementinbreakinginertiainSHGbanklinkage.Asaresultofcontinuousefforts,351groupshavebeenlinkedwithbanksandmobilisedloanstothetuneofRs.73.6million.Whereverthebankersdidnotcomeforward,theSHGsapproachedtheKDFSforbridgeloan.Duringtheyearover170groupsavailedRs.9.8millionworthofloansfromtheKDFS.
TheProgrammehasevolvedapolicyofatleast40percentofloansdistributedshouldbetowardslivelihoodsactivity.Rs.372Millionworthofloanshavebeendisbursed,ofwhichRs.24Millionworthofloanshavebeendisbursedforagriculturerelatedactivities.
Efforts to Sustain Locations
Thereare43federationspromotedin33coastallocations.Inordertomakethesefederationsself-dependentinmeetingtheiroperationalcosts,theProgrammecampaignedintensivelytointroducetheconceptofservicechargesintheSHGs,takingtheexperiencesfromnearbyKalanjiamFederations.Stillithasbeenachallengefortheprogrammetobringthecoastalcommunitiesoutofaid-dependency.Howevertheeffortsmadebythefieldteamstomotivatethepeopletowardstheconceptofself-managementpaidsomeresults.TheSHGsprovidedRs.7.7millionasservicecharge,meetingover32percentoftheannualoperationalcost.Itisexpectedtogrowinthecomingyear.
Conservation and Development Works
CALLprogrammeisimplementingathree-yearproject“IncreasedWaterHarvestingandDiminishedDesertification”infivecoastaldistrictswiththefundingsupportofEuropean
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Union.DuringthisfinalyearoftheProject,CALLprogrammehasfastenedtheimplementationofconservationprogrammeswithperiodicalreviewmeetings.Despitethehugevolumeofworks,thefieldteamsadheredtonocompromiseinmakingthecommunitiessharetheirinvestmenttomatchthesupportfromtheProject.
Apartfromguidance,programmeteammembersvisitedthefieldtoassessthestatus,qualityandimpactofrenovationworks.Thefinancialprogressandcontractswithearthmoverswasalsomonitoredbytheprogrammeteam.Duringthisyear23tanksand16villagepondswererenovatedbenefiting1703families.Sixteenvillagepondsrehabilitatedthisyearwouldbenefit3433familiestomeettheirdrinkinganddomesticwaterneed.TheProgrammealsosupported326smallandmarginalcoastalfarmerstocreate449farmpondsintheirfields,whichwouldsecureirrigationtoover400acres.Thefarmerssupportedtoestablishfarmpondshavestartedraisinghorticulturecropsalongwithagriculture.
Enhancing Livelihoods
Renovation of Tanks
Tanksarethelifelineforthecoastalfarmers,asthegroundwaterisbecomingsalineduetoseawaterintrusion.Renovationofsuchirrigationsystemswouldsustainthelivelihoodsofthefarmersdependentonthosetanks.Asalivelihoodsupportstrategyforthefarmersinthecoastalareas,CALLprogrammehastakentankrenovationasanimportantcomponent.Duringthisyear1703familiesgotassuredcropdueto
renovationofover23irrigationtanks.Nearly640hectaresofagriculturalfieldgotirrigationfacility.Agriculturalproductionhasincreasedby35to100percentafterthetankrenovation.Inafewofthetanks,farmershavealsogoneforcroppingforthesecondseasonduetoavailabilityofwaterinthetanks.
Creation of Farm Ponds
ThesoiltypeinthecoastalareasofNagapattinamdistrictissandyandthesub-surfaceflowofwaterisnoticedwithin10feetfromtheground.Becauseofthis,farmpondsestablishedinthecoastalareasarefrequentlysiltedandrequireregularcare.Duringthisperiod,needyfarmerswereidentifiedtorenovatetheirfarmponds.Further,thefarmerswereencouragedtoraisehorticulturecropssuchascoconut,mango,casuarinasandcontext-appropriatecrops.Duringthisyearalone923farmersweresupportedtorenovatefarmponds.Stakeholderswereidentifiedbytherespectivegroupandrespectivemembersweresupportedwithcredittoraisehorticulturecrops.Nearly397hectaresofagriculturallandgotbenefittedthroughrenovationandestablishmentoffarmponds.Agriculturalproductionhasincreasedbymorethan25percentaftertheestablishmentoffarmponds,andmanyfarmerswentforsecondcrop.
Dairy as an Alternative Livelihood
Dairyisapotentialincomegeneratingactivityforthesmallfarmersandlandlesspeople.Thegrowingneedformilkandmilkproductsinthemarkethasconverteddairyintoaviablerural
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enterprise.Assessingthepotentialandscopeforpovertyreduction,DHANFoundationisinvolvedinpromotingdairyactivityforthesmallandmarginalfarmersandlandlesslabourers.Promotingdairyactivityatalargescalerequiresskilldevelopment,dairyinputssuchasfodderdevelopmentandfeed,marketingfacility,andextensionservices.ConsideringallthesefactorsDHANFoundationmadeintegratedapproachinpromotingdairyactivities.
InCuddalore,dairyactivityispromotedasasustainableincomegeneratingsourcetotheKalanjiammembers.Membersinterestedindairywereidentifiedandtrainedonanimalpurchaseanddairyactivitythroughpara-veterinarian.Theywerealsosupportedtopurchasecross-breedanimalswiththecreditsupportofbanks.Para-veterinariansupportismadeavailabletopurchasebettermilkyieldinganimalwithoutdisease.Qualityveterinarianservicessuchasartificialinsemination,de-wormingandanimalcampswereorganised.Farmersengagedindairyactivitywereorganisedintomilkproducergroupsandsupportedtomarketmilkcollectively.EachmembersupportedtoinitiatedairyactivityisearningRs.1700toRs.2000asincome.Theimpactofdairyactivityhasalsoreflectedinmilksupplytotheprocessingunit.
Dairy Initiative this Year
" 401familiesweresupportedinitiatedairyactivity
" 52PPGshavebeenpromoted
" Everyday2000to3000litresofmilksuppliedtothemilkprocessingunit
" IssuedRs.8millionasloanstobuyanimals
" 696animalsbenefittedfromveterinarycamps
" 35tonnesoffeedsuppliedthroughPPGs
" Artificialinseminationservicedelivered2365crossbreedcalves
Supplyofgreenfodderisessentialforcontinuityofdairyactivity.ThedecliningcommonlandandgreencoverareaisagrowingconcernamongthelivestockfarmersinsouthernIndia.Thecommonlandsareleftarebarrenorencroached
forconstructinghousesoragriculture.Insuchcircumstances,theintroductionoffoddercropstoensuresupplyofgreenfodderhasbecomeessentialforlivelihoodsustainability.DHANFoundationhasIntroducedCO-3andCO-4varietiesofgrasses.Inadditiontothat,farmerswerealsotrainedonAzollacultivation.Duringthisyear,30farmershaveinitiatedfoddercultivationin115centsofland.About147membersinitiatedAzollacultivation.
Farm-based Livelihoods
DHANimplementstheNationalAgriculturalInnovationProjectincollaborationwithAnnamalaiUniversity.IthasinitiatedfarmingsystemsforlivelihoodsecurityofsmallandmarginalfarmersindisadvantageddistrictsoftheTamilNadusuchasCuddalore,Villupuram,NagapattinamandThiruvannamalaidistricts.Ineachdistrictsthreeclustersofactivitiesweredoneinninevillages.Thisprojectisdoneunderthreeecosystems,covering981wetlandanddrylandfarmers,900landlesslabourersand208fishermen.Duringthisyear,threeunitsofchicks(eachfarmerwillreceive20broilerchickswith30kgofstarterand30kgoffinisherfeeds)weredistributedtothefarmers.Onanaveragefromasetof20birdsafarmerrealizedtheprofitofRs.700.Inrainfedintegratedfarmingsystemtotally1048goatsweredistributedtothefarmers,andthesegoatsdeliveredatotalof1940kids,brininganincomeofRs.2500toRs.4000fromeachgoat.InVillupuram,30bedsofmushroomculturewereestablished.ThefarmersreceivedanetincomeofRs.1500inamonth.
Fish Marketing
TheprogrammehaspromotedKalanjiamMeenavarSangamstoenhancetheincomeoftraditionalfishersandtoretainthemineco-friendlyactivities.TheSangamshavemarketedRs.22millionworthoffishesduringthisyear.ThefieldteamsareengagedinstrengtheningtheseKMSbyincreasingthenumberofmembersandvolumeoftransaction.Becauseofthebenefitsrealizedbythecommunityandcontinuouseffortsoffieldteam,apartfrommembers,non-members
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arealsosupplyingfishtotheKMS.ThefishershaverealisedRs.30toRs.40perkilogramasbenefitofcollectivemarketing.NinetyfarmersearnedanetincomeofRs.4.2lakks.
Agricultural Marketing
Duringthisyear,Cuddaloreteamhasinitiatedgroundnutmarketingbyorganisingthefarmersintomarketinggroups.Thisactivitywastaken-uponanexperimentationbasisanditwillbeexpandedtootherareasinCuddaloredistrict.Rs.5.73lakhsworthofgroundnutwasmarketedthroughthePPGs.About65farmersweresupportedbythisactivity;eachfarmergainedRs.35perbagasadditionalincome.ThewarehouseestablishedinParangipettaiwasusedtostoreandmarkettheproduce.InKeelaiyurlocationfarmershavemarketedRs.12000worthofseedscollectively,outofwhich32smallandmarginalfarmershavebenefited.ThelocationhasalreadysupportedthesefarmerstopurchaseRs.4lakhsworthofseedsforcultivation.BothParangipettaiandTalainayarlocationhastakenupmarketinginitiativeandsold30tonsofGroundnutbenefittingaround28farmers.
Focus on Differently-abled
Social Security Benefits
" Over37,976membersand16,290spouseswereenrolledinlifeinsurance
" 4634familieswereenrolledinhealthinsurance
" 318livestockwereinsured.
" 1057acreshavebeencoveredundercropinsurance.
" 145claimshavebeenmadeunderlifetothetuneofRs.5Million
" 199ClaimsunderHealthtothetuneofRs.2.9Million
" 16MembersbenefittedfromcropinsurancetothetuneofRs.16000
" Rs.5.2Millionworthofscholarshiphasbeendistributedto4113studentsunderJBY
Toimpartlivelihoodskilltothedifferentlyabledpeopleandensureentitlement,CALLprogrammeiscloselyworkingwiththeRamnaddistrictadministration.Thefieldstaffoffourfederationsareengagedinidentifyingdifferentlyabledindividualsandtoensureentitlementundergovernmentschemes.Unlikesupportingthegroupmembers,consciouseffortshavebemadeidentityandsupporttheminitiatelivelihoodactivity.Anidentitycardisensuredforthedifferentlyabledindividual,withwhichtheycanaccessvariousgovernmentschemes.Nearly20servicesarebeingprovidedbythisunitand4750membershavebenefittedsofar.Morethan500membershavebenefittedduringthelastsixmonths,andemploymentfor45youthswasfacilitatedwithindustrialunits.Twentyfivecampswereorganisedforphysiotherapytreatmentfor210membersgotbenefited.Psychiatrictreatmentwasprovidedto45personsandmaintenancegrantwasprovidedto42mentallychallengedpersons.Oldagepensionprovidedbythegovernmentwasfacilitatedto225personsandwidowpensionwasfacilitatedto425womeninPuducherry.
Social Security to Reduce Risks
TheeastcoastofTamilNaduispronetomultipledisasters;henceintroductionofinsuranceproductswasseenascriticalintervention.InpastsixmonthsmorethrustshavebeengivenforenrollingmembersandspousesinJanashreeBimaYojna.Similartolifeinsurance,healthinsurancewashighlyfocusedinRamnadandTuticorinregions.
ThepoorhouseholdsinCuddaloredistrictsweresupportedtoinitiatedairyactivityatalargescale.Manyofthehouseholdshaveinitiateddairyactivityforthefirsttimeandchancesforanimaldeathduetopoorcare,evenaftertraining
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isalwayspossible.Deathduetofloodsandotherdisastersarealsopossible.Toavoidunprecedentedlossduetodeathofanimals,alltheanimalintroducedwereinsured.Aninitialorientationoninsurancewasgiventothememberaspartoflivelihoodpromotion.Thecostofinsurancewasincludedintheloanpackageandalltheanimalsinsuredweretagged.CropinsurancewasintroducedintwolocationsinRamnadincollaborationwithPeopleMutuals.
Documentation and Dissemination of Experiences
Impact Assessment
Mr.AmodKumarSainifromUniversityofFreiburg,Germanyconductedaqualitativestudyonthetitle“Assessmentofimpactsofirrigationtanks,farmpondsandvillagepondsonlivelihoodsoffarmersofcoastalareasofTamilNadu”withinaperiodoftwomonths.Hisstudyrevealedthatestablishmentoffarmpondshaveincreasedbyfarmer’sincomeby100percent.Therenovationoftankshasalsoincreasedthefarmproductionby40to90percent.Thestudyalsoconcludedthatworkburdenofwomen,migrationtonearbytowns,waterscarcityrelatedproblems,andcropfailureduetofailureofmonsoonhasdeclinedinprojectareas.
National Level Dissemination Workshop
AspartofEUfundedprojectadisseminationworkshopwasorganisedduringtheMaduraiSymposium2011.NGOs,researchinstitutions,waterscientists,academicinstitutionsandstudentsfromdifferentpartsofthecountryparticipatedinthisevent.ProjectstakeholdersfromNagapattinam,Ramnad,andPudukkottaialsoparticipatedintheevent.Theprogrammeteammembersandregionalcoordinatorsmadepresentationonvariouscomponentsoftheproject.Participantssuggestedincludinghealthprogrammealongwithrenovationofvillageponds.
Apeopleconventionon“CoastalLivelihoods-ChallengesandOpportunities”wasorganisedwiththeparticipationoffarmers,dairyfarmersandfishers.About250peoplefrom10coastaldistrictshaveparticipatedintheevent.Thiseventwasorganisedtodefinefutureinterventionandrolesandresponsibilitiesofvariousstakeholders.
FIMSUL Studies and Workshops
TheFisheriesManagementforSustainableLivelihoods(FIMSUL)projectisimplementedinTamilNaduandPuducherrystatestoevolveasustainablefisheriesmanagementsystem.Theoverallgoaloftheprojectistounderstandthepresentstatusoffisheriesandtoarriveatsustainablemanagementsystem,soastoevolveafuturevisionforthefisheriessectorintheprojectarea.
Theprojecthastwopackagesincludingstakeholderanalysisandlivelihoodanalysis.ThesetwopackagesareimplementedthroughNGOs.Theprogrammefacilitateddistrictlevelconsultationmeetings,smallgroupmeetings,studyondistrictlevelformalandinformalinstitutions,FGDs,HHIsandDistrictlevelvalidationmeetingsinRamnadandPudukkottaidistricts.Theoutcomesofthestudieswereconsolidatedthroughdistrictlevelworkshops,inwhichthedetailsgatheredweresharedwiththefishercommunities.
Launch of Neidhal Movement
Toconservethecoastalecosystemandtosustainthelivelihoodsofpoorandvulnerablecommunities,CALLprogrammehaslaunchedNeidhalmovementbynetworkingallthefederationspromotedbyit.ThismovementwasformallyregisteredandsevenboardmemberswereelectedfromRamnad,Tuticorin,Nagapattinam,Cuddaloreregions.Thefishergroups,Vayalagams,KalanjiamsandUzhavargroupsfunctioningwillenrolasmembersinthemovement.
Tata-Dhan AcademyTheTata-DhanAcademy,aninstitutionforDevelopmentManagementistheresultofapartnershipbetweentheDHANFoundationandSirRatanTataTrust,Mumbai.TheAcademywasbeguninDecember2000andaimsatbecomingaCentreofExcellenceinDevelopmentManagement.ThecorepurposesoftheAcademyareinductingandgroomingfreshgraduatesasDevelopmentProfessionalsthroughspeciallydesignedprogrammes,andbuildingcapacityofthedevelopmentpractitioners.ThekeyactivitiestakenupbytheAcademyare:
" Atwo-yearpostgraduateprogrammeindevelopmentmanagement(PDM)forbuildingdevelopmentprofessionalswithhighqualitytechno-managerialcompetencesupportedbyappropriatemotivations,valuesandattitudestoworkwithpeople,particularlythedisadvantaged.
" AnumberofshortdurationmanagementdevelopmentprogrammessuchasSocialDevelopmentResearchCapacityBuilding,LEAD:FutureSearchforNGOs,AdvancedReflectiveTrainingonscaling-upMicrofinance,MicroinsuranceandDevelopmentManagementAppreciationProgrammefortheNGOstaff,academicians,researchersandgovernmentagencies.
" Researchescoordinatedbythefacultymembersandsupportedbyresearch
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associatesforgeneratingcasestudiesandteachingmaterials.
" The“AdvancedCentreforSkillandKnowledgeonMutualInsurance(ASKMI)”promotedintheAcademyworksforadvancingthepracticeofmicroinsuranceandthe“AdvancedCentreforEnablingDisasterRiskReduction(ACEDRR)”worksonenhancingtheknowledgeandpracticeondisasterriskreduction.TheseCentrestakeupresearch,pilotprojects,trainingandeducation,documentationandpublication,networkingandconsultancy,andpolicyadvocacyintherespectivefields.
ThefocusofTata-DhanAcademyfortheyearhasbeenonpositioningcentres,knowledgedevelopmentanddisseminationonlivelihoods,documentationanddissemination,facultydevelopmentandpreparatoryworksfornewactivitiesandregistrationoftheAcademy.
Research
ThesocialimpactstudyhasbeencompletedforsevenstatesandsubmittedthestatereportstoEkalVidyalayaFoundationofIndia.AseriesofmeetingsandpresentationswereheldtorefinethecontentofthereportwithEVFI.TDAisinvolvedinthesmallmilletsprojectundertakenbytheRainfedFarmingDevelopmentProgramme.Duringthereportingperiod,theinterviewschedulewasfinalized.TheAcademyandINAFIhavetakeninitiativetocompletemigrationstudytakenupbyPREMearlier.
Workshops and Seminars
MaduraiSymposium2011wascoordinatedwiththesupportofDHANCollective.Over32eventswereconducted.Bulletinswerebroughtoutcapturingtheknowledgebriefofthedayeventsandproceedings.About6000participantsattendedvariouseventsintheMaduraiSymposium.ThesoftcopyofthebulletinsweresharedwithNRLM,WorldBankrepresentatives,FordFoundation,SRTT,SDTT,andsomeoftheinternationalARTparticipants.
Publications and Dissemination
Duringtheyear,proceedingsofMaduraiSymposium2009hasbeenbroughtout,whichhastobedisseminatedtootherorganisations.Theresolutionsanddeclarationsarepartoftheproceedingsasaseparatesectioninthebook.Theresearchbriefandpilotbriefshavebeenuploadedtothewebsiteaspartofknowledgedissemination.Initiativehasbeentakenuptoprepareadocumenton“ADecadeExperienceofTata-DhanAcademy”.Theperspectiveplanforthenextthreeyearshasbeenworkedoutandpresentedinthe13thFacultyCouncilMeeting.AbrochurefortheAcademyhasbeenprepared.AquestionnairehasbeenpreparedtofinalisetheperspectiveandscopefortheWETcentre.Abookhasbeenpreparedbyengaginganinternon“LandscapingoftheAcademy”.TheArchitecturaldesignhasalsobeenpreparedasaseparatebookcontainingtheconceptbehindthebuildingdesign.Onemorebookon“FloraandFaunaintheCampus”hasbeenprepared.Aframeworkhasbeenfinalizedtodevelopabstractsofstudents’research(fieldwork)reportsofPDM11.
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Development Management Programmes
AtrainingonmicroinsurancewasheldforNGOsatthenationallevelinadditiontoanexposureprogrammeonmicroinsurance.TheART9onmicroinsurancewasconductedandatrainingprogrammeonDecentralisedWastewaterTreatmentSystemwasconducted.TheDevelopmentManagementAppreciationProgrammewasorganisedfortheprofessionalsofDHANFoundation.Areporthasbeenpreparedonone-yearleadershipprogrammedesign.SecondprogrammeofVirtualEducationonMicroInsurancewasofferedtoprofessionals.Aten-daycourseon“DevelopmentImmersionProgramme”wasofferedtothesecondyearMBAstudentsofThiagarajarSchoolofManagement.Thefocusistoorientthestudentstodevelopment.
Centres in the Academy
Theresearchcouncilconductsaregularmonthlymeetinginwhichthepilotsandresearchprojectsarediscussedandfacilitatedtoundertakethem.DuringthereportingperiodnewpilotsandresearchactivitieshavebeeninitiatedwithDHANCollectiveonrisksandvulnerabilities,micro-climateandmicroinsurance,disasterriskandsocialsecurity.TheAdvancedCentreforEnablingDisasterRiskReduction(ACEDRR)hasexecutedaMoUwithRegionalIntegratedMulti-HazardEarlyWarningSystemforAfricaandAsia(RIMES).Theplanhastobeworkedouttocarryoutvariousresearchandfieldstudies.AvillagedisastermanualhasbeenreviewedandthecommentsweresharedwiththeNationalInstituteofDisasterManagement(NIDM).
Faculty placement and development:TwofacultymembersfromDHANCollectivehavebeendeputedtotheAcademy.Twofacultymemberswerenominatedforatwo-dayinternationalworkshoponcasewritingandteachingatGoaaspartoffacultydevelopment.TheFacultySeminarhasbeeninitiatedagainandtwosuchseminarshavebeenorganizedon“Effectofglobalizationandconsumerismontraditionalandcastebasedlivelihoods”and“Impactoffarmpondsincoastalagriculture”.Itisseenaspartofdevelopingtheintellectualabilityofthefaculty.
Case writing:Thefacultymemberswereencouragedtodeveloptwocasesonwaterandmicroinsurance.ThefinalcaseswerepresentedinacaseworkshopheldatGoa.Teachingnoteswouldbepreparedbasedonthesuggestionsfromthefacultyseminar.On-the-joborientationisgivenfromtimetotimewithregardtoresearch,documentationandteaching.Forthreefacultymembers,intensiveorientationwasgivenonconductingpilots.
Other Academic Activities
Admissions to PDM 13:Strategieswereworkedouttoenrolaminimum20studentsinthecomingbatch.TheadvertisementwasplacedintheEconomicandPoliticalWeeklyalongwithDHAN’sfinancialstatements.ApplicationandinformationforPDM13hasbeenuploadedinthewebsite.DMATandselectionprocesshasbeenconductedinfourplaces:Chennai,Sirsi,Delhi,andMadurai.19candidateswereofferedprovisionalselection.
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PDM 11: Theeightstudentshavesuccessfullycompletedfourterms.Thestudentsarecurrentlyundergoingfifthterm.InitiativeshavebeentakentoimprovethewrittenandoralcommunicationabilitiesofthestudentsthroughwriteupsforPDMblogsandassignments.
PDM 12:Elevenstudents(sixgirls,fiveboys)enrolledforPDM12fromfivestates.TheyarecurrentlyundergoingTermII.Tointegratethemissionaryperspectivetheremedialwasstarted
withthree-dayvillagestayforthenewbatch.Theywereexposedtothe“adoptionfamily”conceptofReachingtheUnreachedandKarunaiIllamofDHANFoundationtosensitisethemtowardsthedevelopmentofdisadvantagedcommunities.MrSankararaman,SecretaryofAmarSevaSangamworkingforthedisabilitieswastheresourcepersonduringtheinaugurationofPDM,whosharedhisdevelopmentexperienceasadevelopmentmissionarythroughhisinspirationalspeech.
Rainfed Farming Development Programme
RainfedagricultureplaysacrucialroleinIndia,covering68percentofthetotalnetsownareain177districts.Uncertaintyinproductionduetofluctuationsinrainfallanditsdistribution,anddecreaseinrelativeproductivityinrainfedlandsaffectthelivelihoodsofthepoorandmarginalisedfarmers.DHANfoundationhaslaunchedtheRainfedFarmingDevelopmentProgrammetomaketherainfedfarmingviablebyimprovingthetotalfactorproductivitythroughlocationspecificinterventions.Theprogrammeisinvolvedinthefollowingactivities:
" OrganisingfarmersintoUzhavarKuzhu(Farmers’Group),buildingnestedinstitutionsofRainfedWatershedAssociation,UzhavarMandramandfederatingthemintoUzhavarMamandram.
" Buildingonthelocalbestpracticesoffarmersinrainfedfarming,bothindigenousandexogenous,bydocumenting,standardizinganddisseminatinginformation.
" Designingandimplementingcontextspecific,multipleandinterrelatedinterventionsacrosssubsectorslikeagriculture,livestockandhorticulturethroughlanddevelopment,organicmatterbuildup,cropproductionenhancementandlivestockdevelopment.
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" Developingandofferingapackageofsocialsecurityproductssuchasdeficitrainfallinsurance,cattleinsuranceandhumaninsurancetomitigatetherisksandvulnerabilitiesofrainfedfarmers.
" Creatingaccesstosavingsandcreditservicesforfarmersthroughtheirgroups.
" Buildingthecapacityoffarmersintheareasofprovenrainfedfarmingtechnology,leadershipdevelopment,andchangingtheattitudeoffarmerstowardsrainfedfarmingtoleadtosignificantchanges.
TheRainfedFarmingDevelopmentProgramme(RFDP)worksdirectlywithrainfedfarmersin11districtsofsixIndianstatesnamelyTamilNadu,Karnataka,AndhraPradesh,Maharashtra,OrissaandJharkhand.InAP,RFDPisworkingwithIntegratedWatershedManagementProgramme(IWMP)oftheStateandinMaharashtraRFDPworkswithConvergenceofAgriculturalInterventions,Maharashtra(CAIM)oftheState.InKarnataka,RFDPworkswithGreenFoundation.Inaddition,RFDPisjointlyworkingwiththeKalanjiamProgrammeinKoraputandMayubhanjdistrictsofOrissaaswellasIndervellylocationofAndhraPradesh.
Revalorising Small Millets
RESMISA(RevalorisationofSmallMilletsintheRainfedRegionsofSouthAsia)projectisfor42months,startedinthemonthofMarch2011.RFDPisimplementingthisprojectinfivelocationsoftwothreestates.Peraiyur,Anchetty,andJawadhu
HillsarethethreelocationsinTamilNadu.SemilgudaisoneofthemilletlocationswhereinthisprojectisimplementedwiththeexistingfarmersinOrissa.BerolocationofRanchidistrictinthestateof,Jharkhandisthenewlocationestablishedexclusivelyforthesmallmilletproject.AninceptionworkshopwasconductedinMaduraiwithallthepartneragencies,followedbyaformallaunchatPeraiyur,oneoftheprojectlocationsinMadurai,TamilNadu.TrainingonparticipatoryplantbreedingwasorganisedinIndiaandSriLankawiththetechnicalsupportofLIBIRD,Nepal.TwosixmonthlyreviewswereorganisedfortheprojectandprogresswasreportedtoIDRC.
Organising Rainfed Farmers
Duringthisyear,theRFDPhaspromoted334groupsofrainfedfarmers,reachingatotalof17,064membersin840groupsnetworkedinto65associations.TheProgrammehasstartedorganisingthefarmersinvolvedinrainfedfarminginShiroliclusterofGhatanjitaluk,YavatmaldistrictsinMaharashtra.UnderCAIMProject,promotionofprimaryproducergroups,SHGsandvillagedevelopmentcommitteeshavebeeninitiated.StrengtheningofwatershedcommitteesisinprogressinUtnoorlocation.ThreenewlocationsnamelyJawathuHillsinTamilNadu,SemiligudainOrissaandBeroinJharkhandhavebeeninitiatedinthereportingperiodforthesmallmilletproject.Officeshavebeenestablishedandteamswereplacedforthesethreelocations.Arainfedfarmers’federationhasbeenregisteredinNattarampallilocation.
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Rainfed Farming Development Activities
DifferentkindsofrainfedfarmingactivitiesweretakenupinKoraput,Borigumma,Semiliguda,BetnotiandMorodalocationsofKalanjiamProgrammeinOrissa.InBorigumma,33farmpondsincluding10pondsthroughMahatmaGandhiNationalRuralEmploymentGuaranteeSchemewereconstructedandimpactsweredocumented.InBorigumma,farmpondsareusefulforgivinglifesavingirrigationforthefirstcroppaddy.Farmersowningfarmpondscultivatevegetableassecondcropbyusingfarmpondwater.FarmershavegotanadditionalincomeofRs.5000-6000bycultivatingvegetablesassecondcrop.Incollaborationwithgovernmentagency,adieselpumpwaspurchasedandgiventothefarmersforliftingwaterfromthepondtoirrigatericeandothervegetables.InBetnoti,membershaveproducedmushroomandthroughthistheywereabletoearnRs.150perbedafterspendingRs.30.InKoraputandBetnoti,themembersweresupportedtogetbackyardpoultryfromRashtriyaKrishiVikasYojana(RKVY)ofveterinarydepartment.
UnderNABARD-UPNRM,thelanddevelopmentactivitiesweretakenupinPeraiyurandGudiyatham.UnderNWDPRA,Rs.2.36lakhswasspentforthelanddevelopmentworksinNattarampalli.LanddevelopmentworkssuchaslandlevellingandsiltapplicationweretakenupatGangavallilocationinSalemDistrict,TamilNadu.
Rs.2millionworthofnaturalresourcemanagementactivitiessuchaswaterabsorptiontrenches,looseboulderstructures,rockfilleddamsandfarmpondweredoneintheUtnoorlocationwiththeIntegratedWatershedManagementProgramme(IWMP)fund.
Insurance Services
Mutualcropinsurancebasedondeficitrainfallindexwasdonewith813farmersoffourlocationsforcotton,groundnut,pulses,maizeandformillets.MutualincomeinsurancewasdoneforgroundnutcropinNattarampalliandGudiyatham
locations.ThetotalpremiumpaidbythefarmerswasRs.1.1lakhsforthesumassuredofRs.14.32million.MutuallivestockinsuranceisimplementedinTirumangalamandPeraiyur.InGudiyathamlivestockinsurancewasdonewithsubsidizedgovernmentscheme.
Support to Cotton Growers
ACSRprojectofCottonCorporationofIndia,CoimbatoreisinprogressatSengapadaivillageofTirumangalam,inTamilNadu.FarmersFieldSchoolswereconductedwiththecottongrowersofGopalapuramvillage.Eco-friendlyagriculturalinputssuchasneemcakeandvermi-compostweresuppliedto448cottonfarmersundertheproject.TwentyonenewfarmpondshavebeenconstructedundertheEuropeanUnionprojectinVedaraniyam.TherevisedDetailedProjectReportwaspreparedandsubmittedtoCAIMforRs.70millionforfouryears.AdditionalPanchayatshavebeenincludedintherevisedDPR.
Workshops and Seminars
Aninceptionworkshopwasorganisedfortheproject“RevalorisingofSmallMilletsinRainfedRegionsofSouthAsia”andfollowedbylauncheventwasorganizedatPeraiyur.TrainingonparticipatoryplantbreedingwasorganisedinIndiaandinSriLankawiththetechnicalexpertsofLIBIRD,Nepal.ThefirsthalfyearlyreportshavebeensubmittedtoIDRC.
TwoeventswereconductedinMaduraiSymposium2011:“FarmersConventiononFutureSearch”wasorganisedwitharound250leadersofRFDPtoplanfortheirfederations;aseminaron“AdvancingConservation,CultivationandConsumptionofSmallMillets”wasorganisedwhereinresourcepersonsfromdifferentdevelopmentorganisations,academicinstitutionsandprivateagencieswhoareinvolvedinmilletprocessingandmarketingtookpartandsharedtheirexperiencesinprocessing.Discussionsrevolvedaroundthewaysandmeansbywhichmilletscanbeincludedinthefoodhabitofthecommunity.
Communication and Information Technology for Development
(CIT4D) ProgrammeThereexistsagreatdividebetweenaccesstoanduseofcommunicationandinformationtechnology(CIT)betweenurbanandrural,richandpoor,for-profitsandcharities.DHANFoundationhastakenupCommunicationandInformationTechnologyforDevelopmentasanewthemetoexperiment,developandimplementsocially-relevantCITprogrammesthroughtheCITbasedpeople’sorganisationsbuiltatthegrassroots.Ithasbecomeacrosscuttingthemetocomplementthemicrofinance,water,rainfedfarmingthemes.Theprogrammeisinvolvedinthefollowingactivities." PromotingThagavalagamGroupstoprovideCITbasedlivelihoodsandVillageInformationCentresinruralareasandurbanslumstoprovidevariouse-servicessuchase-mail,e-Post,computeraidedschooleducationande-Governance.
" Facilitatingtheruralpoortogetconnectedwiththeresourcesandexpertiselocateddistantlythroughonlineconsultationsforeyecare,health,agriculture,legal,educationandanimalhusbandryandfishery.
" Enablingtheagedandilliteratewomenandmentolearntoreadandwritethroughcomputer-aidedadultliteracycentressetupforKalanjiamandVayalagammembers.
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" EstablishingCommunityCollegestoofferanumberofCITrelatedandjoborientedcoursestothepooryouthandhelpingthemtogetemployedinnearbytownsandcities.
" DevelopingcontentforeducationaluseandsoftwareforagricultureandanimalhusbandryservicesbeingusedbyfarmersinVICs.
" PromotingpartnershipwiththeotherstakeholderssuchasCITbasedacademic,researchandbusinessorganisationstochanneliseresourcesandexpertisetothegrassroots
Educational Services
TheCIT4DProgrammeofferseducationalservicesincluding21typesofcomputercoursesundertheDHAN-IGNOUCommunityCollegescheme.Theeducationalservicealsoincludesthee-School(MultimediaEducationforSchoolGoingChildren)andtypingcoursesforyouth.Duringtheyeartwobatchesof377studentswereenrolledinvariouscourses;ofthem149werefemalestudents.EducationalserviceswerethemainsourcesofrevenueforourVICs.TheeducationalcollaborationwithIGNOUaddedvaluefortheeducationalservicesduringthisyear.Effortsweretakentoincreasethestudents’enrolmentforthecomputercourses.
e-Governance
Thee-governanceserviceincludesavailingvariousgovernmentservicesthroughonlineforms.Thoughtherewereissuesingettingcontinuousconnectivitytotheinternet,theVICofferedsuchservicesoffline.Collectionandremittanceof
electricitybillwasoneofthenewservicesaddedduringtheyear.
VICsalsoprovideonlinerechargeservicesformobilephones,sellingaccessoriesandprovidingnewmobileconnections.ThejobworkservicesofferedbytheVICsincludeonlinedataentryworksandhardwarecomponentssalesandservice.TheonlinedataentriesarebeingprovidedbytheagricultureandhealthdepartmentsinMelurandKottampatti.Thefarmersprofile,soilprofile,andcultivationpatternarecomputerisedbytheagricultureandhorticulturedepartments,whicharedoneattheVICs.Similarly,healthdepartments,especiallyPrimaryHealthCentres,arenowconvertingtheirdataonline;thisworkisalsotakenupbyVICs.TheseservicescontributedrevenueconsiderablytosustaintheservicesofferedbytheVICsforfree.
Health Services
TheVICsintroducedhealthrelatedservicesasrevenuebasedserviceduringthisyear,whichincludes,sugartestingwiththesupportofdigitalglucometers,checkingbloodpressurewithdigitalmetersandcalculatingBMI.Though,thedemandforthisserviceisincreasinginvillages,thenumberofbeneficiarieswaslimitedduetoarestrictednumberofkits.
Free Services
ThefreeservicesoftheVICsincludecontentdeployment,organisingvillagelevelcamps,trainingforfarmersandwomen,usingpublicaddressingsystemforvillageannouncements,
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audioconferencewithexpertsandbetweenthecommunities,andusageoflibrarybooksavailableintheVICs.TheVICsserved14,500uniqueusersthroughdifferentservices.
Collaborations
As a Study Centre for IGNOU: DHANPeopleAcademyhasbeenaccordedasastudycentrebytheIndiraGandhiNationalOpenUniversity.TheCIT4DProgrammeoffersaBachelorofComputerApplication(BCA)andacertificatecoursecalled“CertificateinInformationTechnology”fromthestudycentre.
CAPART Sponsored Village Knowledge Centers: CAPARTsanctionedtheVKCprojecttoDHANin2007.Aspertheguidelines,M/sBharatElectronicsLimited,KotdwarawastotakeupthesettingofVKCsbyprovidingtheneededinfrastructure.Theinfrastructurehavebeensetupinallthe11sitesincludingonecentralsite/expertcenterand10remotesites.
ISRO Sponsored Village Resource Centers:VideoconferenceisoneofthepredominantservicesoftheVIC.Interactingwithexpertshashigherinfluencethananyotherservicesusedbythevillagers.ISROprovidedinfrastructureandconnectivitysupportundertheVillageResourceCentersproject.Sofar27VRCshavebeenpromoted,including10inAndhraPradeshand17inTamilNadu.
Interactive Multimedia Content Development
Thereisconsiderableundocumentedknowledgeandtraditionalpracticesamongtheruralcommunitywhicharerelevantforsharingacrossthecommunity.Sharingsuchknowledgeandpracticeswillbethemainsourceofcontent.Networkingisthewayofconnectingtwoendsforsharing.Sharingenhancesthewayoflearning.TheInformationcanbegivenintheformofaudioannouncements,textcontentsandvideocontent.Communitybasedmultimediacontentwillbeaneffectivetoolforbringingawarenessamongthecommunityparticularlythestudents,youth,farmers,fishermenandwomen.Theinformationin
theformofcontentshouldberelevantandneedyforthecommunityandinlocallanguage.TheInternetisamajorsourceofcontentandpeoplefromdifferentsectorsanddifferentpartsoftheworldcontributetothecontent.InformationfromtheInternetislessusedbytheruralcommunitybecauseofthelanguageissueandisnotspecific.Developinglocallyrelevantcontentanddeployingatacommonplatformwillfacilitatesharingofknowledge.Duringthisyear,theProgrammefacilitatedproductionofaround90videosfore-Schoolserviceand20practicalsessionsfor10thstandardstudents.
Community Radio
TogetherwithKottampattiVayalagamandKalanjiamFederations,CITandCentreforDevelopmentCommunication(CDC)arejointlyrunningtheCommunityRadioprojectinKottampatti.TheCommunityRadioisownedbytheVayalagamfederationandspacefortowerandroomisprovidedbyKalanjiamfederation.Audiocontentgeneration,programmedissemination,monitoring,narrowcastingofaudiocontentatVICs,etcaredonebyCITteam.CDCprovidestechnicalguidanceincontentgenerationaswellascoordinationwithdepartmentsingettinglicense,etc.NarrowcastingoftheaudiocontenthasbeendoneextensivelyintheVICsthroughthepublicaddressingsystem.Itstartedwithbroadcastingforthreehoursdailyandisnowbroadcastingninehoursofprogrammesdaily,withfivehoursoforiginalprogrammeandfourhoursofrepetitionprogramme.
Other Services
TheCIT4DProgrammeprovidessoftwaredevelopmentservicetotheprogrammesandcentresinmaintainingdatabase,doinganalysisandconsolidationofinformation;alloftheseprovideinputforplanningordecisionmaking.Theteamcoordinatesanddevelopssoftwaresothatitcanbeeffectivelyusedandanycustomizationrequiredcanbeeasilyaddressed.Ifprocuredfrommarketoroutsourced,itnotonlyincreasestheoverallcostbutthereisalwaysadependencyontheserviceprovider.
Working with Panchayats ProgrammeThehistoryofthevillage-levelPanchayatinstitutionsinIndiagoesbackhundredsofyears.Afterindependence,thePanchayatsystemwasneglected.DHANFoundationhasrealisedthattheseinstitutionsneedtobevibrantandresponsivetotheneedsofthepeopletobringaboutlastingprogress,benefitingall.DHANFoundationhaslaunchedaprogramme“WorkingwithPanchayats”topromoteandstrengthentheinformalfunctionalgroupsinthevillagetogetinvolvedinPanchayataffairs.TheprogrammeintegratestheexistingtraditionalsystemswithPanchayatstoenhancetheparticipationofpeopleandachievesynergybyadoptingthefollowingstrategies:
" Promotingfunctionalgroupsandvillagedevelopmentforums,strengtheningandguidingworkingcommitteestointegratewiththePanchayatsystem.
" FacilitatingpreparationofmultiyearmicroplanningforPanchayatdevelopmentbythecommunityandmaketheworkingcommitteesresponsibleforexecutingthoseplans.
" Advocatingforenablingpoliciesforeffectivedecentralizationthroughstudiesandpublications,seminarsandworkshops.
" PromotinganetworkofPanchayatRajrepresentativesattheblockanddistrictlevel,andbuildingtheircapacityingoodgovernance.
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" Creatingawarenessamongthevoters,youths,andstudentsonPRI,andensuringbenefitsofthedevelopmentprogrammestoreachthepoorandvulnerablecommunities
" StrengtheningtheGramSabaandmakingitaforumforperformingsocialaudit,andintroducinge-Panchayatsforopenandtransparentadministrativesystem
" EnhancingtherevenueforPanchayatsthroughbuildingcorpusandundertakingincomegeneratingactivitiesatvillagelevel.
ThePanchayatprogrammeisworkingwithprimarylevelPanchayatinstitutions.ItorganisespeopleinstitutionsatthevillageleveltoactivelyparticipateinPanchayatactivities.Secondly,itmobilisesthepeopleinstitutionswhicharealreadyorganisedbyNGOsformakingthemactivelyparticipatewithPanchayatinstitutions.ThepeopleintheprimaryinstitutionsarepreparedforplayinganactiveroleintheirrespectivePanchayatsthroughwhichthelocalGovernanceisstrengthenedforpovertyreduction.Thereare346primarygroupsorthekudiyatchikuzhukkalfunctioninginPanchayatprogramme,ofwhich39groupswerepromotedduringthisyear.TheProgrammeworkswith85Panchayatscovering120villages.Sofar27,801familieshavebeenaddedintothefunctionalgroupspromotedintheworkingPanchayats.
Performance of Panchayat Institutions
AllvillagePanchayatshavemandatedmeetingstostrengthentheirfunctions.InalltheworkingPanchayats,thesefunctionshavebeenregularized.
ThePanchayatcouncilmeetingswhicharetobeconductedeverymontharegettingregularizedinallfiveplaces.Therewere288meetingsconducted.Onaverage,morethan90percentofthemembersregularlyattendthemeetings.Thequalityofthemeetingsarealsoincreasedeveryyear.TheGramaSabhameetingisconsideredasvillageparliamentmeeting.Inmanyplacesitisachallengingtask.IntheworkingPanchayats,theseGramaSabhameetingswereconductedasperstandard.Duringthisperiod175GramaSabhameetingswereconductedin25Panchayats.
TheworkingcommitteesareconsideredasadecentralizedmechanismofadministrationatthePanchayatlevel.ItwasintroducedrecentlyanditisbeingfollowedinmostofthePanchayats.ThePanchayatDevelopmentAssociationorKudiyatchimamandramisaninformalstructurepromotedfororganizingthepeopleforumatPanchayatlevel.Presently37PDAsarefunctioning.
Strengthening Democratic Practices
Asademocraticunitatthegrassrootslevel,thevillagePanchayatshavemorescopeforadoptingavarietyofdemocraticpractices.Someofthemaremandatedfunctionstobeadoptedandothersareemergedoutoftheirownexperiences.Duringtheyear,Panchayatprogrammefocusedonstrengtheningthefollowingdemocraticpractices.
" Thepeople’svoiceismoreimportantindemocraticinstitutions.Here,thePanchayatsaregivingimportanceforpeoples’voicebywayofconductingtheGramaSabhameetingsregularlywithquality.Thepeople’sviewsandsuggestionsarerespected.
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" Thecouncilmeetingsaregettingstrengthenedbybeingconductingregularlywiththequorumandquality.
" ThePanchayatparliamentsystemsareintroducedtostrengthenthedemocraticprinciplesatthePanchayatlevel.ItwasconductedinthreePanchayatslastyear;throughthese,thepublic’sviewsandownershipwerecomingoutontheperformanceofthePanchayat.
" ThesocialauditprocesswasdoneatPalamedulocationinRajakkalpattipanchayatonMGNREGSprogramme.Itwasatwo-dayprogrammeinwhichthepubliccouldparticipateandwentthroughtheprocess.ItwasanopportunityforthePanchayattohighlightthefieldleveloperationalissuestothepublic.
" Themulti-yearmicroplanisoneoftheregularizedactivitiesinallourworkingPanchayats.Itwasundertakeninall25Panchayatsandinmostofthecases,theAssociateswereabletofacilitatetheprocess.Bythis,thestakeofthePanchayatsareincreasingyearbyyear.AlltheexpenditurestodothisprocessaremetbytherespectivePanchayats.TheimplementationoftheplanisgettingimportanceinallPanchayats.
Social Security Programme at Panchayat Level
TheprogrammehaspromotedalltheworkingPanchayatsasnodalagenciesforimplementingthesocialsecurityprogrammes.ThisisanewinitiativeforthePanchayatstogetinvolvedinmobilizingpeopleforsuchsocialsecurityprogrammes.Duringthisperiodthetotalfamiliescoveredunderthisprogrammewas6500,outofwhich32deathsoccurredduringthisreportingperiod;allthe32familiesreceivedthecompensation.Inadditionaround1012studentshavebenefitedoutofthisprogrammeduringthisyearandreceivedRs.1millionasscholarship.
Implementation of MGNREGP
TheMahatmaGandhiNationalRuralEmploymentGuaranteeProgrammegivesopportunityforall
toworkatleastfor100daysinayear.MostofthePanchayatsarenotproperlyguidedforbetterimplementationofthisproject.TheprogrammehasintroducedafewgoodpracticesinallworkingPanchayats.Thisinitiativeincludesenrollingallthepoor,landlessandweakersectionandgettingjobcardforall,ensuringweeklywagedisbursementinatransparentway,coveringalltheenrolledpeoplewithinsurance,andensuringproperworkplacefacilitiesthatareconvenientforwomen.MGNREGPwasundertakeninallworkingPanchayatsandgeneratedemploymentopportunityupto1.5lakhhumandaysbyundertaking19worksinthisyear.Asawhole3830familiesbenefitedoutofthisprogrammeandearnedRs.13.4millionaswagesfortheyear.
Voter List Updating
Thevoterlistisabasicdocumentinanydemocraticsystemtoexercisetheindividualsvotingright.Since,itisseenonlyduringtheelectiontime,itisnotproperlyupdatedeverywhere.Thisleadstomalpracticeduringtheelectionandpoorpollingpercentage.ThePanchayatprogrammetookresponsibilityforupdatingthevoterlistinallworkingPanchayatsandstartedthisprocessfrom2010onwards.Itwaspossiblewhilethecooperationofyouthgroupsateachhamlet.UsuallyJanuaryisthemonthforupdatingthevoterlist.Thisyear,duetotheconductofpublicelection,August2011wasalsousedtoupdatethevoterlist.
Panchayat Movement
TostrengthenthePanchayatconcepts,theprogrammeconceivedanideaoflaunchingamovementbyenrollingmembersfromthelocalbodyinstitutions.Duringthisyeartheprogrammeenrolled1282membersinthemovement;sofar5844membershavebeenenrolledinthemovement.
Campaigning for Election 2011
Thelocalbodyelection2011wasthefourthelectionforTamilNaduafterthe73rdand74th
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constitutionalamendmentscameintopractice.Morethanfourlakhspeoplefinallycontested.TheprogrammedecidedtoensurequalityofelectioninalltheworkingPanchayats.Threeslogansweredesignedsuchas“Allvotersmustvote”,“Rightpersonsshouldcontestandtobeelected”,and“Nocashforvote”.AnelaborateawarenesscampaigninthevillagesofworkingPanchayatswastakentopromotethischange.TherewasadoortodoorcampaignintheworkingPanchayats,padayathraandcyclerallyinthevillagesofworkingblocksanddistributionofhandbillsandposterswerecarriedoutinthevillagesofworkingdistricts.Totally1.27lakhsvotersand260villageswerecovered.
Panchayat Education for Youth
ThePanchayatProgrammeisofferingaDiplomainPanchayatManagement(DPM)coursewiththesupportofDHANPeopleAcademy(DPA).Theseventhbatchisgoingonandtheseminarclasseswereconductedtwiceduringthisyear.Theseminarclasseswereconductedin12placesandthePanchayatteamandDPAteamconductedtheseseminarclasses.Comparedwiththepreviousbatches,theperformanceofthecurrentbatchwasverygood.
Workshops and Conventions for Panchayat Leaders
AspartofMaduraiSymposiumthePanchayatprogrammeconductedaworkshopanda
presidents’convention.Theworkshopwason“Micro-planningandLivelihoodsinLocalGovernanceInstitutions”andtheconventionwason“LivelihoodsthroughNREGPinPRI”.Therewere20participantsfortheworkshopandnearly200participantsfortheconvention.Inaddition,theprogrammedisplayedanexhibitionfocusingonlocalbodyelection.Itwaswellreceivedbythepublic.
Positioning Panchayat Initiatives
APanchayatmanualforTamilNaduhasbeenpreparedwiththesupportofMr.K.Vallinayagam,Mr.ChidambaramandMr.Subramanian,whowereinvolvedinPanchayatadministrationatdifferentlevels.Theprogrammeteammemberswerealsoinvolvedinalltheprocessandgainedexperience.Theoutputhascomeoutverywellanditwouldbesoonreleased.
TheTamilNaduStatePlanningCommissionextendedspaceforDHAN’sPanchayatprogrammetobeaninstitutionalmemberforthe12thFiveYearPlanandtheprogrammetookpartintheWorkingCommitteeonDecentralisedDistrictPlanning.
Recently,theStateGovernmentinTamilNaduhasconstitutedaspecialcommitteeforexploringthepossibilitiesforincreasingthefundsourcesforthevillagePanchayats.DHANhasbeenaccordedapositionofaninstitutionalmemberinthiscommitteeandthefirstmeetingwasheldrecentlyinChennai.
Tourism for DevelopmentDHANFoundation’sTourismforDevelopmentthemeisanoutcomeofthefour-yearpilotproject‘¬EndogenousTourismforRuralLivelihoods’implementedbyitinKaraikudiandKazhugumalaiinTamilNaduwiththesupportofUnitedNationsDevelopmentProgrammeandGovernmentofIndia.Oneofthekeylearningsoftheprojectwasthatthediversifiedlivelihoodopportunitiesexistinthetourismsectorcancontributeinpovertyreduction.‘TourismforDevelopment’isacrosscuttingthemetofacilitateDHAN’sprogrammesworkinginthelocationsoftourismimportancetocapitalizetheemergingopportunitiesinthetourismsector.Itwouldbeamulti–stakeholderandinclusiveapproachwithallthestakeholdersintourismincludingthepoorcommunities.Thekeyprogrammestrategiesare
" OrganisingthepoorfamiliesintotourismbasedPeoples’Organisationsandintroducingsavings,creditandinsuranceservices.
" ConservingandpromotingheritageandartisanalskillsbyorganisingtheartisansandserviceprovidersintoPrimaryproducerandmarketinggroupsandfederatingthemintoaProducercumMarketingCompany.
" Strengtheningexistingskillsandbuildingnewskillsinproduction,servicingandmarketingrelatedtotourism.
" LinkingthePeoples’Organisationswithcommercialbanks,marketsandresource
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institutionsformobilizingresources,productionandmarketingofqualityproducts.
" FacilitatingresearchanddevelopmentinthePeoples’Organisationsforproductinnovation,packagingandmarketing.
" Ensuringresponsibletourismthroughpromotingtourismliteracyandcapacitybuilding.
Advancing pilots
ThetourismbasedPeoples’OrganisationsinPalluthurandKazhugumalaihavefocusedonstrengtheningmicrofinanceactivitiesofSHGs.VillageTourismDevelopmentCommittees(VTDC)Mettopromoteresponsibletourisminthelocations.TheVTDCofKazhugumalaiinitiatedrenovationofAmbalOoraniandVettuvankulamwithcommunityparticpation.InKaraikudi,aWalkforClimateChangeAdaptionwasorganised,insistingonimportantofavoidingplastics.AspecialeventPanpattuThottilwasorganisedincollaborationwithAllIndiaRadio,MaduraitopromoteheritageofChettinadwithavarietyoffolkloreprogrammes.
Initiated new pilots
FollowingthesuccessinKaraikudiandKazhugumalailocations,withthesupportofTourismministry,theprogrammehasbeenexpandedtoTheerthamalaiinDharmapuridistrict,DevipattinaminRamnadDistrictandThirupudaimaruthurinThirunelveliDistrictofTamilNadu.TheregularVTDCmechanismshavebeenensured.Theactivitygroupspromotedforthispurposehadbeenstrengthenedbyprovidingvariouscapacitybuildingprogramme,opportunity
inmarketlinkageandHospitalityservices.CommunityledMultiYearMicroPlanshavebeenpreparedfortheselocations.Promotionalfilmsandbrochureshavebeenmadefordissemination.Toprovidenecessaryorientationtofoodandfolkactivitygroups,aspecialworkshopandexposurevisitswereorganizedfor60membersinthreelocations.
Tourism Promotion
PongalfestivalswerecelebratedinThirumalpuramvillageofMaduraiDistrictandNatarasankottaivillageinSivagangaiDistrictinvolvingthedistrictadministrationtopromoteruraltourismandheritage.Heritage-walkswereorganisedtosensitizethepublicontheimportanceofconservationandprotectionoflittleknownheritagesites.AspecialbrochureonMaduraiHeritagewalkwithallhistoricalandArcheologicalinformationinTamilandEnglishhasbeenprepared.
DevelopmenttourswereorganisedfortheparticipantsfromtheNetherlands,Canada,Nepal,andCeylon,JapanandUSA.StudentsfromMaduraiKamarajUniversitywereorientedonChettinaduheritage.
Aworkshopon‘TourismbasedLivelihoods:EmergingOpportunities’wasorganisedwithparticipantsfromvariousstakeholdersliketravelindustry,archaeologists,academicians,students,hostcommunities,villagePanchayats,tourismSHGs.
AspartofpromotingTourismandheritageliteracyamongthestudents,aMOUwasenteredwithFatimaCollege,Maduraitoadoptandstrengthentheheritageconservation.
AninstitutionallinkagehasbeenmadewiththePostalTrainingCentre,Maduraitopromotetourismliteracyamongtheirstafftraineesonhistory,heritage,culture,anditsconservation,responsibletourisminitiatives.TheprogrammeteamalsoparticipatedintheIndianHeritageCitiesNetWork(IHCN)meetorganizedbyUNESCOatMysoreandrepresentedintheannualmeetofTamilNaduarchaeologicalsociety.
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Centres for IntegrationTheCentralofficeplaystheintegrationroleacrossthemes,geographiclocations,andfunctionsthroughinnovativeintegratingmechanismsandevents.Itprovidesstrategicsupporttothethematicinstitutionspromotedbyit.TheCentralOfficealsocoordinatesresourcemobilisationanditsmanagement,strategicplanning,policyadvocacyathigherlevels.DHANhasanumberofintegratingmechanismssuchasStrategicForum,ConsultativeForum,retreat,taskforcesandworkinggroupsforspecificpurposes.Besidesbringinginacommonculture,visionamongallthemembers,thesemechanismshelpbuildcollectiveleadership.
AlltheProgrammeleaders,RegionalCoordinatorsandanchorsoftheCentreshavemetattheMonthlyInstitutionalDevelopmentandIntegrationMeetings(MID-AIM)toreviewoperationalissuesandplansandtoworkoutmechanismsforintegrationacrossthemesandinstitutions.Knowledgebuildingworkshopswereorganisedonselectthemeswiththem.TheConsultativeForummettwiceduringtheyear.IthasreviewedalltheprogrammesofDHANcollective.TheStrategicForummetseveraltimesduringtheyeartoreviewthegrowthandsetthedirectionsforit.
ThefourteenthannualretreatwasorganisedintheNaryanamoorthyCenterforExcellence,Mysore.ThesecondversionoftheretreatwasorganisedatVivekanandaKendra,Kannyakumari.BoththeretreatsfocusedonstrategicplanningfortheDHANCollective.Intensivesub-groupprocessesfacilitatedbyDr.G.K.JayaramanfromInstituteofLeadershipandInstitutionalDevelopment.TheretreatprovidedleadstothestrategicforumofDHANtoworkonvision,mission,goalsandstrategiesforDHANfornextfiveyears.ItwouldbedoneatmultiplelevelsandfinalisedinSeptember2012.
ThefifteenthFoundationdayofDHANwascelebratedonOctober2nd,2011inMadurai,andalltheregionalheadquartersinotherstates.Dr.TrilochanSastry,BoardmemberandDeanofIIMBfacilitatedadialoguesessiononfarmingandfarmbasedlivelihoods,andMr.V.Vivekanandan,ConvenerofNationalCoastalProtectionCampaigndialoguedonfutureoffisherylivelihoods.
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Centre for Human Resource Development
HumanResourceDevelopmentisoneofthecorepurposesofDHANFoundationwhichattractsandgroomsprofessionalstoworkatthegrassroots.TheCentreforHumanResourceDevelopment(CHRD)createsopportunityfordevelopmentprofessionalstopursuedevelopmentcareeraswayoflife.Itbuildsculture,commitmentandcompetencywithintheindividualsinordertodeliverbesttothepoorcommunities.Thecentreensuresastructuredgrowthpathfortheprofessionals.Italsopreparesthemtooccupyleadershipspacesandanchornewdevelopmentthemes.TheseniorDHANiteswhoactasfieldguidesprovidelearningopportunityforthedevelopmentprofessionalsindevelopmentwork.
Thecentreworkscloselywiththeacademicinstitutionstobuildperspectivesondevelopmentforthestudentcommunity.TheCentreorganiseswiderexposuretothestaffatnationalandinternationallevelforacontinuedstudyonadvancementsintheirrespectivefieldofpractice.Itworkstowardsbuildinginstitutionalculturewithinthestaffthroughstructuredinstitutionaleventsandthroughfull-fledgedmentor-menteemechanisms.
Theselectionprocessforprofessionalandsupportstaffisgettingrefinedatperiodicalintervalsbasedonthenatureoftheinstitutionalrequirementandtheprofileofthecandidates.Duringthereportingperiod,202staffhavebeenplacedacrosstheinstitutionofthem43areprofessionals,151aresupportstaff,threeareprogrammeofficersandfiveareconsultants.
AninductionceremonyforDHANiteswasheldatthe15thFoundationDaycelebrations.FortyDHANiteswereinducted.Theywerealsogivenanorientationonfinancialmanagementtobuildthemwithnecessaryskillsandattitudesneededforeffectivemanagement.
Ateamof44DHANitesrecruitedforlocationsinMaharashtrawasofferedaninstitutional
orientationtosocialisetheminDHAN.Theyworkedinsub-groupstodiscussonpracticeinstitutionalcorevalues.
InassociationwithTata-DhanAcademy,aDevelopmentManagementProgramme(DMP)onenhancingmanagerialcommunication(EMC)wasorganisedfortwobatchesofprojectexecutivesbenefiting24staff.Thisprogrammefocusedonpreparingtheprojectexecutiveswithwritten,spoken,andnon-verbalcommunication.
ADevelopmentManagementAppreciationProgramme(DMAP)wasorganisedinassociationwithTata-DhanAcademyforthe15newlygraduatedprojectexecutives.Theprogrammefocusedonenablingtheparticipantstoconnecttheirworkswithdevelopmentperspectives,buildingconceptualisationandanalyticalskills.
Teamleadersandprogrammeleaders,whoareatthesecondlineortopmanagementlevels,havegotopportunitiestoparticipateinvariousworkshopandseminarsatthenationalandinternationallevels.Theparticipationinsucheventshelpedthemtopositiontheinstitutionandalsotoderiveinsightsforfurtheradvancementofthematicareas.Inadditiontothis,anorientationonteambuildingwasgivenforthenewlygraduatedseniorexecutives.
Internshipandexposurevisitwasfacilitatedforthecandidatesfromvariousinstitutionsbasedontheirneedandrequest.TwentyfourB.Tech(Horticulture)studentsfromTNAUhavevisited
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theinstitutionaspartofRAWE(RuralAgricultureWorkExperiencetounderstandthevariousdimensionsofpovertyinapoorfamily.StudentsformSriSathyamCollegeofSocialWork,Raichur,Karnataka;AnnaUniversityandBharathidhasanInstituteofManagement,TamilNaduhavevisited
DHANtounderstandtheissuesaroundwhichDHANisworkingandtheimpactofinitiativestakentoaddressthem.Fiveinternsandthreevolunteersfromothercountrieshavevisitedtheinstitutionandtookupvariousassignments.
DHAN People Academy
DHANFoundation’scommunityorganisingstrategiesarecenteredonbuildingcapacitiesofleaders,membersandstaff.TheFoundationinvestssubstantialresourcestopromotetheleadershipincollectivebodiesofpeople.DhanPeopleAcademy(DPA)wasinitiatedtoprovidelearningenvironmentforthestaffandpeoples’leaders.Withthewell-furnishedtraininginfrastructure,theAcademydevisesappropriatepedagogytofacilitatelearning,buildingontheexperienceavailable,andparticipant–centerededucation.TheAcademyworksinpartnershipwithacademicandtraininginstitutesoncommoninterests.
TheDPAorganisesexposurevisitstoencouragecrosslearningofbestpractices,conflictresolution,andworkshopsandseminarstohelpthepeople’sleaderssharetheirexperiencesandbuildtheirperspective.Need-basedcertificateprogrammesanddistancelearningprogrammesaredesignedandofferedbytheDPA.TrainersTrainingsareorganizedonvariousthemes.CustomizedtrainingsarealsoofferedtotheotherNGOsandPeoples’Organisationsondemand.TheDPAfacilitatessettingupofCommunityColleges–LivelihoodInitiativewithFunctionalEducation(LIFE)toprovideavarietyoflocation-specificandtailor–madelivelihoodskillbuildingprogrammesfortheyouthsfromthepoorfamilies.
Duringthisyear,trainingsonmicrofinancewereprovidedto504people,andanother303peopleweretrainedonwaterprogramme.AtotaloffivebatchesofMovementworkerstrainingwereorganised.Trainers’Trainingonself-regulationwasorganisedfortworegionsandanothertworegionsweretrainedonlivelihoodsskillbuilding.
ThroughLIFECentres1012youthsgotvariousskilltrainings,manyofthemwereabletogetemployedlocally.IncollaborationwithIGNOUunderCommunityCollegeScheme410studentsenrolledtovariousdiplomaandcertificateprogrammes.DAHNPeopleAcademyoffersaDiplomainPanchayatManagementcourse.Thisyearatotalof464studentsenrolledand368studentscompletedthecourse.
TheAcademyorganisedtwopeopleconventionsaspartoftheMaduraiSymposium2011.OneoftheconventionsfocusedonsynthesizinglearningfromIGNOUsponsoredcommunitycolleges,andanotherconventionfocusedonmicrofinance.
Morethan100peoplefromotherNGOssuchasSERP,PEDO,SEVAMANDIRandMAVIMhaveundergoneexposurecumtrainingprogrammefacilitatedbytheAcademy.Atrainers’trainingonfinancialliteracyforNGOswasorganisedthroughINAFIIndia.
Trainingmanualsongovernance,agriculture,post-rehabilitationoftanksandparticipatoryappraisaltechniqueswerepreparedtoaidthetrainingsorganisedbytheAcademy.
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Centre for Finance TheCentreforFinanceisanintegralpartofthecentraloffice,collatingfinancialfunctionsacrossprogrammes,centresandthematicorganisationsoftheDHANCollective.TheCentreplacesgreateremphasisonbuildingatransparentandfool-prooffinancialmanagementsystematalllevels.TheCentreevolvesfinancialpoliciesfortheFoundationandotherInstitutionsinDHANCollectiveandPeoplesOrganisations.Itensuresonlineaccountingsystemwiththesupportofaccountingsoftwarepackagesandbuildsthecapacityofaccountantsandfinancemanagersforit.
Duringthisyear,theCentreforFinancefacilitatedexternalauditofDHANFoundationandotherorganisationsinDHANCollectivesuchasKalanjiamFoundationandDHANVayalagam(Tank)Foundation,peoplepromotedorganisationsuchasKalanjiamDevelopmentFinancialServices,PeopleMutualsandKalanjiamThozhilagamlimited.
TheCentrealsoanchoredQualityAssuranceAudit(QAA)topreparetheinstitutionsinDHANCollectivestartingfromFederationstopreparetheaccountsfortheexternalaudit.TheCentrehaspreparedandsentguidelineofinternalauditandexternalaudittoallthelocationstoenable
completionofaudit.TheCentrehasfacilitateddonorauditsfromHindustanUnileverLimited,EuropeanUnion,ICTRuralDevelopmentTrust,andprojectssuchasCAIMandNAIP.AnewsystemofRegionalAuditPanelhasbeenintroducedtotakeupregularfinancialreviewofregions.ImprovementsweremadeintheaccountingsoftwarepackagessuchasFASTandDHANAMtosuitsthechangingneeds.
AsasecretariatforthePurchaseandFinanceCommittees,theCentrefacilitatedapprovalofallthepurchases.Theconstructionofbuildingwasdonethroughatenderprocess.TheFinanceCommitteeapprovesthepurchasesworthaboveRs.2lakhs.
TheCentrehasorganisedaNationallevelAuditor’sworkshopatMadurai,whichfocusedonaccountingandauditingofDHANCollectiveinstitutions,legalaspectsandmutualityconceptsrelatedtoNGOsector.Theworkshopbroughtoutnewunderstandingandpracticesfortheauditprocess.AnAccountingManualsfortheNGOsauthoredbyM/SSunandaandSheshadriwasreleasedattheworkshop.ThebookcoversincometaxappealsprocedureonNGOs,accountingstandardsforNGO,accountingpractices.
Centre for Facilitating PhilanthropyTheCentreforFacilitatingPhilanthropyhasbeensetuptocreatemeaningfulopportunitiesthroughsystematicallysensitizingthesocialresponsivenessamongthedifferentstakeholdersinthesociety.ThecoreareasofworkforthecentrearepromotingphilanthropywiththemembersofthepoorcommunitiesthatDHANisworkingwith,engagingthegeneralpublicindevelopmentworkinamoremeaningfulway,buildingcorporatepartnershipsforsocialdevelopment,settingupFriendsofDHANnetworksinothercountriestosupportDHAN’swork.
TheCentreorganised19WalkathoneventstosensitisethepubliconClimateChangeAdaptation
inthreestatesofTamilNadu,AndhraPradeshandKarnataka.Byorganisingtheseevents,relationshipwiththelocalpublicandprivateorganisations,whoarethepotentialdonors,couldbeestablished.ThishashelpedDHANtogetpositionedinthelocations.
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TheDirectorateofEnvironment,GovernmentofTamilNadusupportedDHANandFederationsfororganisingtheanti-plasticcampaignin16districtsofTamilNadutothetuneof3.6million.Asanoutcomeofthewalkathon,theadministrationofVishakhapatnamMunicipalCorporationhasrecommendedDHANparticipationinClimateChangeConferenceinHowrah.TheCentrecoordinatedreleaseoffundsandcompletionofprojectsfor11Ooranis,alsofollowedup
forcompletionofthecommittedprojectsandreportingtheprogresstothedonors.
TheCentreprovidesoperationalsupportfortheDHAN-KarunaiIllamatNilakottai,TamilNadu,whichissupportedbyKarunaiIllamTrust,NewZealand.ThisyeartheKarunai-DhanNurseryandPrimarySchoolobtainedrecognitionfromtheSchoolEducationDepartmentofTamilNadu.ProgresshasbeensharedtotheTrust.Stepsweretakentoinitiateschoolbuildingconstruction.
Centre for Development CommunicationTheCentreforDevelopmentCommunicationfacilitatesdocumentationanddisseminationoffieldlearningwithinandoutsidetheorganisationinbothprintandaudiovisualformatsforinformationsharingandadvocacy.TheCentresupportsthePeople’sOrganisationstosetupandruncommunitymediacentreswiththecombinationofcommunityradio,videoandwebbasedtechnologies.IthasalsopromotedaForumforDevelopmentJournaliststomakethemsee,reflectandwriteonissuespertainingtodevelopment.TheCentrealsoundertakesthematiccampaignscombiningdigitalandfolkmediaforfosteringBehaviouralChangeCommunication.
TheCentreforDevelopmentCommunicationproducedvideodocumentariesonDHAN’sfieldexperiencesforwiderdissemination.TheCentre
alsobroughtoutannualreports,promotionalmaterials,postersandbookletsneededfortheprogrammesinDHAN.AlsoitmanagesthewebsitesforDHANandinstitutionswithinDHANCollective,duringthisyearwebsitesfortheAlternativeMFSummitandSmallMilletProjectwerecreatedexclusivestopositionthem.
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Centre for Policy and Planning
TheCentreforPolicyandPlanninghasbeensetuptosupporttheprogrammesandinstitutionsoftheDHANCollectivesothattheyevolve,developandmodifytheirpoliciesandplanstofulfilltheiraims.Itprovidesframeworksandtoolkitstotheprogrammesinplanning,reviewandmonitoringperformanceinlinewiththeperspectiveplanofDHANCollective.Itworkswiththeprogrammesforadvocatingpro–poorpoliciesbyhelpingthemundertakestudiesandpolicyresearch;organisepolicyseminars,publishpolicybriefsandpolicynotesonspecificissuesonrespectivethemes.ItalsoensuresgendermainstreamingintheDHANCollectivebybuildinggenderperspectivesamongthestaffthroughcapacitybuildingprogrammes,evolvingandassessinggenderpoliciesinpractice.
TheCentrehaspreparedatoolkittoaidstrategicplanningexercisecarriedoutbytheDHANFoundationandcirculatedittoprogrammesandregionswithinDHAN.Tomonitorthegenderfocusacrossalltheprogrammesasystemformonitoring
ofgender,theCentrehasprovidedgendermonitoringindicatorstotheprogrammes.
UnderPolicyBriefseries,11theditionofbriefonFarmPondsforEnhancingFoodSecuritywaspublishedandsharedwiththesecretariesandheadsofrelevantministriesanddepartmentsinTamilNaduGovernment.Thisbriefdealswiththeneedforinclusionof“FarmPonds”inthewatersheddevelopmentandallieddevelopmentprogrammesforitscompleteimplementation.
TheseventheditionofthefestivalfocusingonLivelihoodsandPovertywasorganised.Therewerefilmsfrommanypartsofthecountry,includingcountriessuchasFrance,Portugal,SouthAfrica,MozambiqueandEngland.TwelvefilmswereshortlistedandscreenedscreeningatthefestivalorganisedatMadurai.Threefilmswereawarded.
TheKalanjiamCommunityRadioinNagapattinamprovidedsupporttotwoothercommunityradiostationsrunbyfarmers’federationsinKottampatty
andPunganur.Explorationshavebeenstartedforpromotingsevenmorestationswithotherpeoples’organisationsinDHANCollective.
TheMediadivisionoftheCentrehasprovidedneededsupporttoalltheprogrammesandeventsorganisedbyDHANCollectiveInstitutionstogetvisibilityintheprintandelectronicmediathroughorganisedpressmeets,mediatoursandpressreleases.Thesuccessstoriesfromthefieldwerefeaturedinthemedia.
ThefolkloreresourceunitintheCentrehastakenupcampaignsforTourismprogramme,rainfedfarmingdevelopmentprogramme,KalanjiamProgrammein20districts,and209villages/slums.OverOnelakhpeopleparticipatedinthecampaign.Elevenprofessionalculturaltroupeswereemployedtotakeupthesecampaigns.Thematictrainingswereprovidedtoover118artistesonstreettheatreandfolklorearts.
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Centre for Research
TheCentreforResearchfacilitatesfield-basedresearchonissuescommontothesectorandtheFoundation.Itundertakessectoralresearchonmicrofinance,tank–fedagricultureandotherruralandurbandevelopmentissuesinadditiontotakingupimpactstudiesofDHANprojectsinordertobuildupaknowledgebaseforthesector.TheCentrefacilitatesmicro–studiesandaction–researchontheissuesconcerningthemtocomeoutwithoperationalsolutionstoimprovetheperformance.Itworkswitheducationalandresearchinstitutions,anduniversitiesoncommonresearchintereststoexchangeexpertiseandtobringacademicrigourtotheresearchoutcomes.
TheCentrehastakenupanassignmentfromtheCommissionerateofMunicipalAdministration(CMA)forpreparingCityHumanDevelopmentReportforMaduraiandSalemMunicipalCorporations.InterimreportshavebeensharedwiththeCommissionerate.
TheCentreconductedadiagnosticstudyonthefunctioningofPrimaryAgriculturalCooperativesocieties(PACS)andJointLiabilityGroups(JLGs)inMadurai,ThirunelveliandSalemdistricts.Atotalof60PACSweresampledandthestudyisinprogress.Italsofacilitatedtwointernshipprojects.OneoftheinternsevolvedaPanchayatsettlementplan,contextbasedtoilets,housingforpoorandheritageproject.Anotheronestudiedefficientutilisationofenergyinsettlementsinruralandurbancontexts.
Aframeworkforpolicyreviewonsmallmilletshasbeenprepared.Adetailedpolicyreviewwasdonebyanalysingtheexistingpoliciesonsmallmilletsintheareasofcultivation,consumptionandconservationatnationalandstatelevel.APolicySeminaron“ApplicationofTankSiltonAgriculturalLandstoimproveSoilHealthandProductivity:Scope,PracticeandChallenges”wasorganisedatAnnaUniversityinassociationwiththeVayalagamProgramme.Expertsinthe
relatedfieldattendedtheseminar,deliberatedandbroughtrecommendations.
Apresentationon“technologicalinnovationstomeettheneedsofwomeninagriculture”wasmadeduringtheGlobalConferenceonWomeninAgricultureatNewDelhi.TheCentrepresentedthegenderimpactstudydonebyitonDr.MuthulakshmiReddyMaternityassistanceSchemeandSGSYschemetotheViceChairpersonoftheStatePlanningCommission.Recommendationsrelevanttothecurrentguidelinesaretobemadewithpracticalsuggestionstothegovernment.
TheCentrecontinuedtoassisttheIFADassistedPostTsunamisustainableLivelihoodsProjectwiththesupporttoimplementationteamsforlivelihoodmicroplan,businessandfinancialplanningandanalysis.
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ParticipatorypovertyassessmentonlivelihoodclassificationandgraduationwascarriedoutinbothurbanandruralKalanjiamProgrammelocations.TheCentretookupamicrostudyonthestatusofhousewaterconnectionsinslumsandnon-slumsofMaduraiCorporation.SimilarlyamicrostudyonhomelessinSalemcityandanotherstudyonthefunctioningofcommunitytoiletinMaduraicityweretakenupbytheCentreduringthisyear.
Impact
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Combating desertification through increased water harvesting*
TheMaduraibasedNGO,DevelopmentforHumaneAction(DHAN)FoundationinpartnershipwithOxfam-Novib,theNetherlandscarriedoutaEUR1,051,374projecttocombatdesertificationthroughincreasedwaterharvestinginthecoastalareasofthedistrictsofTuticorin,Ramanathapuram,Pudhukottai,ThanjavurandNagapattinamintheIndianstateofTamilNadu.Theprojectwasforthreeyears,thatis1stJanuary,2009to31stDecember,2011.
Project Objectives
TheprojectwasincontinuationofDHAN’sinterventionaftertheTsunamiof2004thatseverelyaffectedthecoastaldistrictsofTamilNadu.Theprojectsoughttocontributetoincreasedfoodandenvironmentalsecurityindroughtpronecoastalareas.Specifically,itsoughttoincreasewaterharvestinganddiminishdesertificationinthefivedistrictsmentionedabovethroughconservationandmanagementofwaterharvestingstructuresandstrengthenwatermanagementbythecommunity.Thetargetparticipantsweresmallandmarginalfarmers,landlessandwomen,majoritybelongingtoDalit(ScheduledCaste)groups,whohavehitherto
beenexcludedfromstatedevelopmentprojects.Theobjectivewassoughttoberealisedbyorganisingtheseunorganisedpeopleintowaterusersassociations(Vayalgam),formedaroundtherenovatedwaterbodiesandwomen’sgroups(Kalanjiam)forsavingsandcreditaswellaspromotionofmicro-enterprises.Theseassociationsarefederatedatappropriatelevels.Thefinalbeneficiariesweresmallholderagriculturalists/farmersandwomen.
Targets
Twogenerictypesofwaterbodiesweresoughttoberejuvenatedorconstructed.Thesewerea)communityownedtanksandvillageponds(fordomesticuseanddrinkingwater)andb)individuallyownedfarmponds.Thetargetswererenovating83tanks,covering2688hectares,benefiting6640farmers,37villagepondsbenefiting7400householdsandexcavating1050farmpondstoirrigate425hectaresbenefiting900householdsacrossthefivedistricts
Evaluation Process and Methodology
Inahighlyparticipatoryexercise,involvingtheDHANstaff,theevaluatorstraveledacrossthe
1ThisevaluationissupportedandguidedbytheEuropeanCommissionandpresentedbyAmitMitraandRamaswamySakthivadivel.ThereportdoesnotnecessarilyreflecttheviewsandopinionsoftheEuropeanCommission.
Stories from the Grassroots
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districtsinteractingwithvillagersandprojectparticipants,menandwomen.TheevaluationsystematicallyfocusedonthefollowingDACevaluationcriteria:relevance,effectiveness,efficiency,impactandsustainability,pluscoherenceandaddedvaluespecifictotheCommission.Genderwasacrosscuttingthemethroughouttheevaluation.
Main Findings
Attheoutset,ithastobesaidthatonthewholetheevaluatorswereveryimpressedwithwhattheysawandtheprofessionalefficiencyofDHAN.Theresponseofthepeoplewhoparticipatedintheprojectwasoverwhelminglypositiveanditwasclearthattheprocessandtheprojectwereownedbythem,withDHANactingasfacilitators.Whatwasallthemoreimpressivewasthatalltargetswereexceeded:85tanks,benefiting9113farmersandirrigating2850ha,41villagepondsreachingoutto8269farmersand1074farmpondsirrigating476haandbenefiting914householdsagainstthesettargets.Thisalonemakestheinterventionextremelyrelevantandimportantinthecontextoftheissuesrelatingtodrylandcoastalagricultureandwatermanagementinthefaceofclimatechange.
Theevaluationteamfoundthattheproblemanalysisandsocialtargettingisveryrelevant.Ithaslocal,regional,nationalandglobalsignificanceintermsofa)targettingthepoorandchangingtheirsituationb)buildingupclimatechangeresiliencec)arrestingdistressmigration,andd)creatingself-sufficientcommunities,whoaddresstheirproblemsthroughvibrantdemocraticorganizationsthatalsotackletheendemiccorruptioninSouthAsiancountries.Inthisproject,24638householdshavebeenorganisedinto222associations(73tankassociations,41pondassociations,108SHGs).Alltheseassociationshavetheirowngoverningbodiesselectedbyitsmembersandallthemembersmeetaccordingtotheneed.Itmustbeaddedthatitisonlybecauseofthehighqualityofthelessonslearntfromthepastpracticesthatsomanyorganisationscould
beformedinsuchashortperiodmoresosinceallthesehouseholdshadneverbeeninvolvedinanorganisationearlierandweredividedalongvariouslines,includingcaste,religionandaffiliationwithnumerouspoliticalparties.Thesuccessoftheinterventioncanbeattributed,theexternalevaluatorsfelt,toDHAN’sbasicphilosophyofworkingthroughinstitutionsofthepoor.Toensuretheirinvolvement,thevillageparticipantshavetopay25percentoftheestimatedcostsupfront.However,theevaluationfoundthatthiswasexceededby100percentinmanycasesthanwhatthepeoplehadoriginallypromised.Awomanmobilizedemigrantsfromhervillagetocontributetotheconstructionofthepond.Villagersalsopointedoutthatvisitinggovernmentofficialsestimatethecoststobeatleast100-200percentthanwhatwasactuallyspent.Alltheworkshavebeenexecutedverytransparently,followinganelaborateprocessofscrutinybyDHANstaff,accomplishedprofessionalswithmorethanadecade’sexperienceandtheassociationmembers.
Impacts
Twokindsofimpactswerevisibleinthefield.
Physical Impacts
Apartfromtheincreaseinirrigationcover,anadditional320haofhithertorainfedlandsbeingbroughtunderirrigation,8269householdshavedomesticanddrinkingwatersecurityroundtheyearforthemselvesandtheirlivestock.Additionally,thedurationofwateravailabilityhasincreasedintheprojectareasbytwo-threemonths.Thestorageofwaterhasincreasedby
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7,000to10,000cubicmeters.Thefarmproductionhascrossedover2to2.5/hatonsintheprojectarea.In73projectvillages,farmersharvestedcropssuccessfullyafterrenovation.Farmersinninevillageshavecultivatedsecondcropaftertherenovation.60,921livestockpopulationdirectlyaccesswaterfromtheirrigationtanksandthelivestockpopulationwasfoundtobeincreased.Inmanyplaces,villagersareengaginginpisci-culture.InonevillagetheevaluationteamfoundthatthisalonegeneratedaprofitofRs75,000insixmonths.
Social Impacts
Thefirstdiscerniblesocialimpactoftheinterventionisthetremendousboostinself-confidenceamongstthevillagers,bothmenandwomen.ThesepeoplehadbeenneglectedhithertobydevelopmentprocessesandnowthankstotheprojectandDHANfeelthattheycandothings,solvetheirownproblems.Insomeofthevillagesvisited,anecdoteswerenarratedonhowthelocalofficialswerequestionedandaccountabilitysoughtfromthem.Drinkinganddomesticwatersecurityhasnotonlyreducedthedrudgeryofthewomenandchildrenwhousedtogolongdistancestofetchwater,butithasalsoenhancedschool
attendance.Thelevelsofpersonalhygienehavegoneupinallagegroups.
Intermsofpolicy,theprojecthasinfluenceddistrictcollectorswhonowarewillingtoallowthepracticeofusingtheexcavatedsilttorenovatevillageroadsorfilluplowlyinglandswithinthevillage.However,lowerofficialswillhavetobemotivatedtobemoreaccountableandtransparent.ItisinthissensethattheformationofassociationsandtheirdemandingaccountabilitybecomesasolutiontotheissueofendemiccorruptionprevalentinSouthAsia.
Theentireregionismarkedbyhighlevelsofgenderinequality.However,DHANhasmadeadentinthisbyinvolvingwomenindecisionmakingandalsothroughtheformationofKalanjiams.
Lessons for Replication
Manylessonscanbederivedfromtheproject,itsimplementationandimpacts.Someoftheimportantonesare:
Technological
Reviving/renovatingorconstructingwaterbodiesinthecoastalareaswiththeactiveparticipationofthelocalpeople,includingwomen,isthebestwayofconservingthescarcewaterresourcesandcombatingtheadverseeffectsofclimatechangeanddesertification.Italsohelpsalleviatepovertyandcheckmigration.
Intheactualprocessesofrejuvenation,revivingthesupplychannelsisasimportantasstrengtheningthebundsandexcessdischargechannelsandweirs.
Appropriatelyplantingtreesinandaroundtherenovatedwaterbodiesiscrucial,asisfencingthepondsandotherwaterbodieswherenecessary.Buildingstepstoleaddowntothedrinking/domesticwaterpondsisimportant.
Social Processes
Itiscriticaltorouteallsuchinterventionsthroughappropriatelyformedinstitutionsofthepoor,
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keepinginmindgenderequityconcerns.Whiletraining,handholdingisessential,thepeople’sinstitutionshavetobeallowedspacetogrowandmaketheirowndecisions.Effectively,thetrainingmethodsthenhavetobeandragogical,thatisbuildingupontheexistingknowledgeofthepeopleandcombiningitwiththebestincontemporaryknowledgesystems.Thisentailsa)notinstrumentalisingpeoplebytheformationofactivityorientedgroupsthatcollapseoncetheprojectgetsoverandintheprocess,b)recognisingthewomenandmenascompletesocialbeings,embeddedinparticularsocialstructures.Ultimately,thisinvolvessettingupofaruleoflaw,andadheringtoit.Inthisparticularcase,theassociationsformtheirownrulesandregulationsdemocraticallyandfollowthem.DHANmerelyplaystheroleofafacilitator.
Effectivelytheninsteadoffollowingatargetorientedapproach,inprojectssuchasthese,aprocessorientationisneeded.Thelatterensuresfulfillingprojectobjectivesandtargetsandensuresthesustainabilityoftheachievements.
Conclusions and Recommendations
Thereisnodoubtthattheinterventionsarecosteffective,focusonhighqualitystandardsandempowerthepeoplesufficientlytodealwithcontractorsandsoon.Thecosteffectivenesstooisimpressive.Takinga10yearperiod,theevaluationteamcalculatedacostbenefitratioof1:8.5Allthiswaspossibleduetothecommunitybasedapproach,transparencyandhighlevelsofcommitmentandprofessionalismoftheDHANstaff.Theincreasedwaterharvestinghasledtomanygains,includingbettercropproductivity,watersecurity,bettersocialrelations,communalharmonyandbreakingofcasteandgenderbarriers.TheinterventionsaresustainableastheyareownedbythecommunitywhocombineindigenousknowledgeandnativewisdomwiththecontemporarytechnologiesgivenbyDHAN.
Threeyearsistooshortaperiodforaprojectofthisdimension,yetthegroundhasbeenverywelllaid.Inthelongrun,DHANandthepeople’s
institutionswillhavetopayattentiontothefollowing:
" Theassociationsremovesilteveryyear.Mostvillagepondsneedscompleterejuvenationafter10to12yearsofoperationbecauseofthedepositionofsilt,detergentandothermaterialsdepositedinthevillagepond.Thiswouldneedfundsandresourcesthatmaybebeyondthecapacityofthelocalpeople,giventhefallingreturnstoagriculturalcommodityproduction.Whiletheassociationsthathavebeenformedarewellembeddedinothervillagelevelinstitutions,likethoseformedunderthePanchayatiRajsystem,theissueiswhetherthelatterwillfundtherenovation.Thismightnecessitatechangesinstatepolicies.
" Somelevelofregulationofthecropsand/ortheareathatarecultivatedmaybenecessaryinfuture.Withtheavailabilityofwater,farmersgenerallytendtogrowwaterintensivecrops.Thewaterrequirementmightexceedtheamountofwaterthatisharvested.Ideally,DHANcouldselectafewvillagesinthethreeagro-ecozonesthattheprojectareaissituatedinandcarryoutacomprehensivewateraudit.
" Withagroinputpricesrisingandtheremunerationthatfarmersgetfortheircropsfalling,theprofitmarginsaregettingincreasinglylower.Thisnecessitatesusinglowexternalinputsustainableagricultural(LEISA)practicesononehandandincreasingcropproductivity(intermsoflabour,landandwaterunits)ontheother.Measureslikecomposting,usingfarmyardmanure,mulchingneedtobepromotedalongwithlowcostindigenousdripirrigationmethods.Also,plantingtreesontheforeshoreandonthebundsoftanksandpondsandsustainingthemwithproperprotectionwillhavetobepromoted(manyofthefarmersseemedtobereluctanttodosoontheapprehensionthatitwouldbeeatenawaybystraycattles.However,suchtreeswouldcertainlypreventevaporationfromthewaterbodies.Scientificplantingcouldactuallyincreasetheproductivityoftanksandponds.DHANhas
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manycompetentagronomyexpertsamongstitsstaff.Overtime,theywillhavetodealwiththeseissues.
" Withwater,milletandothercoarsegrainsarenotpreferredascomparedtocashcrops,loweringthenutritionlevelsofthepeople.Thishastobediscouragedwithpropercropplanningandcroppingcalendar.
" InsomeofthefarmpondsinNagapattinam,theolddrainagechannelssupplyingwatertothefarmpondswouldneedattentionastheyareinastateofdisrepair.
" Inallthesitesvisited,disposalofpolythenebagsisamajorproblem.Notonlydotheybecomerefuseheaps,addingtothehealthproblemsofthepeople,theyposeadangertothecattletoo.Theassociationsneedtobemadeawareofhealthproblemsandshouldbeencouragedtolaunchcampaignsintheirvillagestobantheuseofsuchbags.
" Asindicatedearlier,genderinequalityisamajorcharacteristicofthisarea.DHANhasattemptedtobringaboutachangeandhassucceededinmanyplacestograduallygetmentoacceptwomenasequals.However,amajorissuethatwasmentionedbywomeninalmostallthesitesvisitedisthatalongwithwaterandenhancedprosperity;statesponsoredalcoholismbegins,leadingtowastageandviolenceagainstwomenandchildren.Whilethestatecannotbepreventedfromopeningliquorshops,theassociationscanbemotivatedtotakeupsuchissues,giventheadverseimpactsongenderrelationsandalsothehealthofthepeople.Thegainsfromwaterharvestingshouldnotbeallowedtobeconvertedtogainsforthestatethroughalcoholism.Ofcourse,thisisnottosaythatallthefarmers/waterusersdrinkalcoholorhavebecomealcoholics.
" Infuture,andtheDHANpersonnelagree,theultimateusersofthedrinkingwaterponds,thatisthewomen,willhavetobeactivelyinvolvedinthedesigning,includingissueslikefencing,makingcement/concretestepsorattachingpulleystotheplatforms/wells.
" InstitutiondevelopmentasenvisagedbyDHANandimplementedinthefieldhastwo
welldefinedgroups:theKalanjiamsandtheVayalagams.Theformerhasonlywomenasmembers.Thesegroupsareinvolvedinsaving,lendingandenterprisedevelopment.IfafarmerwantstoborrowmoneyfromaKalanjiam,hiswomenkinmustbeamemberoftheSHG.ThiscreatespotentialproblemstoaccessthefinancesoftheKalanjiam.OntheotherhandunderVayalagamsformMicroFinanceGroup(MFG)inordertoaccesscredit.MostMFGscompriseofmenonly.Essentially,thetwokindsofcommunityinstitutionswillneedgreatersynergyinthelongrunsothatthetwo(KalanjiamsandtheVayalagams)workinunisontoattainfood,nutritionalandenvironmentalsecuritywithgenderandcasteequityinasituationofrapidclimatechange.PerhapsDHANcouldexperimentwiththeideaofmakingtheKalanjiammembersinavillage,membersoftheVayalagamsaswell.DependingonthecontributionthattheseKalanjiammembersmakeforagriculturalproduction,theyaregivenduecreditintermsofdecisionmaking,profitsharingandotheractivities.Suchanamalgamationmayleadtobetterutilisationoftheresourcesofthevillage,includingthemoneygeneratedbythewomenandultimatelyachievegenderequityatthelocallevelbygivingthewomengreatercontrolovertheproductiveresources.
" Ithastoberememberedthatthecommunityassociations(boththeVayalagamsandtheKalanjiams),federatedacrossalllevelsastheyare(andtwoFoundations,theVayalagamandtheKalanjiamformed)essentiallyconsistsofpoormarginalandsmallfarmerswhohithertohadbeenneglectedtotallybythestate.Asinthisproject,thegainshavebeentremendous.However,thefactremainsthatthesefarmers,whileunitedtomanagetheirresources,facethemarket(includingcredit,labour,agroinputsandmostimportantlythecropoutput)asindividuals.ThetimehascomeforDHANtobringinitsexperienceofworkingsayintheGulfofMannarwithfisherfolk,andfacilitatetheassociationstoenterthemarketasacollectiveandgetremunerativereturns
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foritsoutputsaswellaswholesaleratesfortheinputs.Infact,thisalreadyexistsinNagapattinamdistrict,wherefarmerswereorganisedbyDHANinproducersgrouptomarkettheirproducecollectively.DHANwill,overtime,needtoextendthistootherprojectareas.
" DHANhasachievedremarkablesuccessincreatinginstitutionswhichareabletoachievetheirobjectivesintheshorttermwhenprojectsareimplementedinaprojectmode.Drawingonitsexperiencesinotherplaces,itwillhavetoworktowardsinstitutionaltransformationtoachievelongtermsustainabledevelopmentinthefaceofurbanisation,migration,climatechangeandcreatinggenderequity.AssociationsformedbyDHANelsewherearerunninghospitalsandschools.Inthelongrunthesewillhavetobetriedoutintheprojectarea,butappropriatelycontextualized.
" Theevaluationteamrecognisesthatitwouldhavebeencounter-productivetostartontheseissuesattheonsetoftheproject,asitwouldalienatethepeople.Moreover,tacklingsomeoftheseissuesrequiresalevelofmaturityoftheassociationsthatgoesmuchbeyondaprojectcycleofthreeyears.However,since
theprocesshasstartedintherightdirection,itishopedthatitwillbearresultsinthetimestocome.
" Theevaluationteamalsorecognizesthatrapidclimatechangeandthesheerunpredictabilityoftheweatherposesthebiggestthreattothesustainabilityoftheintervention.Butthen,itsubscribestoDHAN’sideologythatthelocalpeoplearethebestmanagersoftheirenvironmentandnaturalresourceslikewater,providedtheyareempoweredtodosoandaregiventhespace.ItisinthissensethatDHAN’smottooforganisingtheunorganisedbecomescritical.Theinstitutionsformedwill,inthelongrun,surelyadapttoclimatechange,giventhattheyarealreadydoingso.Theevaluationteamcameacrossnumerousexamplesofthis:changingthecropmix,changingthetimingsofplantingandsoon.However,theStatepolicyhastobechangedaccordinglyandDHANcouldusewelldocumentedexamplesfromthisprojecttolobbyforpolicychanges.Theassociationsformedareexemplarsofgoodgovernanceandaccountability,basedastheyareontheprinciplesoftransparencyandequity.DHANhastonowworktogetthestatetonotonlyacceptbutalsoactualizesuchprinciplesifpovertyeliminationbethegoal.
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Back to Farming….
Madasamyliveswithhiswifeandthreechildren,inE.VelayudapuramvillageofTuticorindistrict.Farmersinthevillageareatthemercyofmonsoonandofflatethemonsoonwasagainsttheirwishes,makingagriculturea
unremunerativeoccupationforthem.Thevillageonanaveragereceiveslessthan600mm,thepatternofrainfalltoonotuniformovertherecentyears.Madasamywhoowned1.7hectareofland,leftituncultivatedforthepasttwoyearssincehewasnotconfidentofgettinggoodreturns,duetorepeatedcropfailuresduringtheearlieryears.MadasamyusedtocultivateBajraandSorghumandharvest5to6quintalsperacreandearnedaroundRs20000perannum.Goatrearingwashissecondaryoccupationwhichfetchedsomedecentincomeduringoff-season.
Madasamyfounditseffortsinagriculturedoesnotgiveproperreturns,thepreparatorycostand
costofcultivationconsumingthemajorshareofincomeandthusleavinghimwithverylessornoprofit.Alsowaterscarcityandincreasedlaborcostforcedhimtoleavehislanduncultivated.Goatrearingwastheonlysourceofincomeduringthepasttwoyears.“Agriculturewasthesourceofincomesincemyearlydaysandthesightofmylandbeingbarrenstartedtodisturbmysleeps.Also,fordaytodayexpense,Iwasforcedtodependonmychildren.Imadeupmymindtodoagricultureagain,butwassearchingforabetteroption.ItwasthentheTankfarmerscametomyrescue”saysMadasamy.
TheEuropeanUnionfundedprojectimplementedbyDHANFoundation,whichwaspromotingtankfarmersassociationextendeditssupporttoMadasamy,whoplacedarequestbeforethemforconstructingafarmpond.Hisapplicationwasscrutinized,fieldvisitsweremadeandMadasamywasgranted50%ofthetotalcostoftheprojectandtheremainingcostwasmetbyhim.InJuly,2011afarmpondwith1176cubicmeterswasestablished.
Madasamy, a small farmer living inE.Velayudapuramvillage ofTuticorinDistrict inTamilNadugaveupfarminginhis1.7hectaresoflandduetomonsoonfailures.Increasedcostof
cultivationmadehimtofeelitunproductive.PresentlyMadasami’sperceptionaboutagriculturewasdifferent.Heknowsthatwehavetoadaptourselvestothechangingenvironmenttocopeupwiththechallenges.Allthatoneneedisalittleguidanceandlotofcommitment.
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Figure1:AftertheEstablishmentofFarmPond
Figure3:LabourersengagedinHarvestingChilies
Thefarmpondgotfilledwithwatertoitsentirecapacityinthemonsoonrainsthatfollowed.Madasamycultivatedchillycropintheentire1.7haofland.Thetotalcostincurredforseeds,landpreparationandsowingwasRs.17600.Heemployed10womenforsowingandtwomenforlandpreparation.HepaidRs.150perwomenforsowingandRs.300formen.Duringtheearlystageofthecrop,hehiredtwolaborersforirrigatingthecropusingwaterfromfarmpond.Theyusedtocarrywaterinpotsandirrigatethecrop.Inlatterstages,hehired60laborersforremovingweeds.Nearlyabout90person-daysofemploymentweregeneratedduetothisfarmpond.
Madasamygotaverygoodyieldof20.5quintalsfromhis1.7ha.Hesoldthematthemarketprice
ofRs.9,500perquintal.ThegrossincomeearnedbyMadasamywasaroundRs1.94lakhswithwhichhewascompletelysatisfied.“Myworriesgotvanished.Iwasnotonlyabletocultivatemylandagain,butalsomakeagricultureprofitablebyconstructingfarmpond”Madasamysaidwithfullofconfidenceandpride.SeeingthesuccessofMadasamy,manyotherfarmersinthevillagecameforwardtoestablishfarmpondsintheirlands.
Constructionoffarmpondisaverysmallinterventionwhichcandowonderstoafarmer’slifeandeventotheentirevillageeconomy.Farmpondscancombatdesertification,increasegroundwaterrecharge,contributetofoodsecurity,apartfromsupportingfarmersandagriculture.
Figure2:FarmPondFilledwithWater
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Renovated Tank Supports Second Crop Cultivation
AgricultureisthemajorlivelihoodforthesmallandmarginalfarmingcommunitiesinSothrivayalvillagelocatedinAvudayarakovilblockofPudukottaidistrictinTamilNadu.Thetotalpopulationofthevillageis1250.Thevillagersbelongtoeitherbackwardormostbackwardcommunityandmostofthefarmershaveminimumornoeducation.Agriculture,thoughbeingtheprimaryoccupationofthevillagers,itsupportsthemonlyforfourmonthsbywayofemploymentandincome;forcingpeopletomigratetonearbytownsinsearchofalternateemployments.Survivalitselfhasbecomeastruggle,duetodecadeofinconsistentanddeficitrainfallpatterns.Youthnomorerelyonagricultureandtheirattitudetowardsagriculturehaschanged,astheyseeitasunreliablelivelihood.FarmersofSothrivayalvillagewerecultivatingonlysinglecropofpaddyforthepasttenyears.
Thevillagehasanirrigationtank,whichwasnotrenovatedforthepastfivedecades.Thewaterspreadareaofthetankis40hectaresanditirrigates56hectaresofland.Thetankbundwasveryweakandduetosiltation,thetankwasnotabletostorewatertoitspotential.Asthebundsofthetankswereveryweak,farmerswereabletostoreonlyshallowwaterinthetank;storageofwateruptothefulltanklevelmightresultinfloodingduetobreachofweaktankbunds.
DHANFoundationidentifiedthisvillagewithacuteirrigationproblemsthroughscreening.Thevillagerswereorientedonpeopleorganization;communitybasedwatermanagement,waterbodyanditscomponentsanddonorsoftheproject.Basedontheinitialorientationthelocalcommunitiescameforwardtopromoteanassociationtomaintainthewaterbody.Theynamedtheassociationas“SothrivayalTank
CoastalareasofPudukottaidistrictarehighlypronetowaterscarcityandcompletelyrainfed.Survivingasinglecrophasbecomeabigchallengeforthesmallandmarginalfarmers.Sothrivayal
isoneofthewater-starvedvillagesinAvudayarkovilblock.Theonlyirrigationtank,withweakbundsandpartlyfilledwithsiltinthewaterstoragearea,waspoorlymaintained.Thetotalirrigatedareashrunkfrom56hectaresto50hectares.Afterbuildingunityamongfarmersbyorganisingthemintoorganization,thevillagerssawachangeafter10years.Theweaktankwasrenovatedanditsupportedthesmallfarmerstocultivatesecondcrop,wherecultivationofevenasinglecropwasabigstruggle.ReadtheexperienceofSothrivayalvillagegivenbelow.
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Farmersassociation”andtheorganizationwasconstitutedwiththerepresentationofvarioushouseholdsfromthevillage.TheyassessedthetankcomponentstoberenovatedwiththesupportofDHANFoundation.Basedontheassessmenttheydecidedtodeepenthetank,strengthenthetankbund,andremoveweedsinthetankwaterspreadarea.
TherenovationworkwasinitiatedintheyearAugust2010withtheinvolvementofthelocalcommunity.Itwasthefirsthandexperienceforthefarmerstoleadsuchconservationworks.Theyconstitutedacommitteetomonitortherenovation.TherenovationworksendedonSeptember2010.Aspartofrenovation,thesiltdepositedinthetankwasremovedandtheweakbundswerestrengthened.Post-renovationthefarmerswereabletocultivateandharvestpaddywithoutanywatershortagesandfailures.Farmerswereabletoirrigate56hectaresofland.
Earlier,thewateravailableinthetankswasonlysufficientforthefirstcrop.Postrenovation,sufficientvolumeofwaterwasavailableforthesecondcrop.Basedonthat,94farmersdecided
andcultivatedsecondcropin14hectaresofland.Inthepast10years,itwasthefirsttimethatthefarmershavetaken-upsecondcrop.
Thefarmersharvested70bags(Weightofeachbagis60Kilogram)ofpaddyperhectare(4.15tonsperhectare)andtotalpaddybagsharvestedin14hectaresoflandwas980(58.8tons).Thefarmerswhowereunabletogainprofitfromthefirstcropwereabletogainfromthesecondcrop.Theinterventionnotonlyincreasedtheincomeof94farmersbutalsotheemploymentopportunitiestothelandlessandpoorhouseholds.
Mr.Marimuthu,PresidentofSothirivayalTankassociationsaid,“Onlyaftertheharvestofthepaddycropandseeingtheyield,wewillbesureaboutthegainorloss.Untilthenwearenotguaranteed.Forthepast10years,westruggledalotwithlimitedwateravailabilityandshortages.Withtheweaktankbunds,wewereunablestorewatertothefulltanklevelandifthetankbundbreaches,thecropscultivatedwillbeinundated.Noonewillbeabletoharvestifthetankdries.Onlyaftertherenovation,wearesure,thatwewillbeabletoharvestatleastasingleyieldperyear.Thisyearwewereabletocultivatesecondcropwiththeavailablewaterinthetank.Thetankrenovationbenefitedallthefarmersinourvillage.Afteraperiod10years,wehavecultivatedsecondcropinourvillage.Therenovationworkhasgivenlotofconfidencetous.Icouldseethechanges.Thequalityofworkthatwedidinourvillageattractedmanyotherfarmersinnearbyvillages.“
Thefarmerswerenowhappyabouttheresultsanddeterminedtoprotectandmaintaintheirrigationtank,realizingitsbenefits.
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Dairy farming: from survival to success
Kommireddygaripalliisasmallvillagewithonly46families.ThevillagecomesunderNimmanapallimandalinMadanaapallidivisionofChittoordistrict,AndhraPradesh.Agricultureisthemainlivelihoodactivityforthesepeople.Thisregionishighlydroughtproneandrecordeddeficitrainfallinthelast10years.FarmingissupportedbyBahudhareservoir,whichhasatotalayacutareaof1032acres.Howeverformorethanadecadetanknevergotfilledtoitsentirecapacityowingtodeficitrainfall.
Majorcropsgrownherearepaddy,tomato,maizeandvegetablesandthemajorsourceofirrigationisbore-well.Tomatocultivationisalsotakenupinlargescale,butthewidepricefluctuationmakestheprofitunpredictable.Eithertheygetabumperreturnorendupwithahugelossprimarilytothemarketprice.Astheincomefromtheagriculturewasnotmuchremunerative,dairyingwhichremainedasasecondaryoccupationforgenerationshasbecomeprimaryoccupationnow.Therearenow132milchanimalsinthevillage,fromwhich2026litersofmilkissoldeveryday.
InKommireddygaripalliandnearbyvillagesDHANFoundationinitiateditsVayalagamTank-fedAgricultureDevelopmentProgrammeinpartnershipwiththeAndhraPradeshCommunityBasedTankManagementProject(APCBTMP)
inJanuary2008.AsapartofAPCBTMP,DHANhasimplementedanumberofconservationanddevelopmentworks.
SriKisanRythumitragroupisoneoftheCIGs(Commodityinterventiongroups)formedinKommireddygaripalliwith18farmersinvolvedindairyfarming.Themembersmeetregularlyon18thofeverymonthandsaveRs.100permonth.Sinceformationthegrouphasbeenattachinghighimportanceonmaintainingbooksofaccounts,whichreflectedtheirfinancialdiscipline.Allthepaymentsfromthegroupweremadeonlythroughcheques.Thefarmersusedtheirgroupmeetingtodiscussandaddressproblemsthattheyfaceinfarminganddairyingcollectively.Thismadethemtoventureintosettingupacommonmilkcollection
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center,combinedfarmingandmarketing,andapplicationoforganicinputs.Seeingtheirperformancethreemoremembersjoinedthegroup.The“SriKisanRythuMitraGroup”alsogotproperlyregisteredundersocietiesact21/1860and35/2001.
SriKisanRythuMitraGroup(SKRMG)isoneamongthe12Commodityinterventiongroupspromotedin12villagesundertheAPCBTMPinBahudhareservoircommandareabyDHANFoundation.Allthe12groupshavejoinedthemselvestoformaWaterUseAssociation(WUA)namedBahudhaReservoirWaterUserAssociation.
FramersintheSKRMGhavetakenmanyinitiativesontheirown.DHANhassupportedthegroupbysettingupaccountingsystem,enrollingthemembersandcattleunderinsuranceschemesandbylinkingthemwithrelevantdepartmentssothattheyclaimtheirentitlementsfromthegovernmentandotheragencies.
Common milk collection
Themainreasonthatpulledthefarmerstowardsthegroupwasthattheyhadbeencheatedformanyyearsbythemiddlemeninthemilkbusiness.TheycontactedheritagedairyMadanapalleforsellingtheirmilk.TheyappointedanexclusivepersontomaintainthebooksofaccountsandpayhimRs.3000permonth.Alsotheypurchaseanewspapercommonforthevillagefromtheir
profit,andtheadditionalincomegeneratedissharedbyallofthemequally.Togethertheyapproachedtheheritagedairyandconveyedtheirinteresttosetacommonmilkcollectioncenter,whichwasreadilyacceptedbythem.
Rewarded with milking machine
AllthemembersoftheSKRMGown67cows.Eachmemberpossesses2to4animals.ThecowswereeitherJerseyorHolsteinFriesianbreeds.Averageyieldofthesecowswas18literperday.ThemilkprocuredfromSKRMGhasalwaysbeenratedas“A”byHeritagedairyandthefarmerswerepaidRs.21.50perlitercomparedtoRs.18perliterpaidtoothers.Noothergroupintheentiredistrictgetssuchagoodpricefortheirmilk.Seeingthegoodperformanceofthiscenter,NationalBankforAgricultureandRuralDevelopment(NABARD)cameforwardtosanctionagrantforsettingupacommunitymilkingmachineworthRs.400,000.Themachinecanmilk10cowsatatimeintwominutes.Allthemembersfeltveryhappybythisasitmadetheprocessofmilkingeasierandlesstimeconsuming.Theyalsofeltthatthisistherewardfortheircollectivefunctioninginapropermanner.
Making wealth out of cow dung
Theincreasingcostofchemicalfertilizersanditseffectonreducingthefertilityofagriculturallandhadbeentheirconcernformanyyears.AllthefarmersinSKRMGdecidedtoadoptthe
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traditionalpracticeofapplyingcowdungmanuretotomatoandothercrops.DHANteamhasmadeatimelyinterventionherebyexposingthemtotheconceptofvermicomposting.Afteracquiringrequiredknowledgeandskillsthefarmerswentaheadformakingavermi-compostpit,withwhichtheywereabletoproduce100ofvermicomposteverymonthwhichisbeingusedbythevillagersformanuringtheircrops.Forcontrolofpestsintheirtomatocropandothervegetables,theyuseneemseedkernelextractwhichtheythemselvesproducelocally.Theseactivitiesnotonlyreducedthecostofcultivation,butalsohelpedtoreducepollutionintheirfarmfields.Byseeingtheenergyandenthusiasmofthefarmers,yetanotherrewardcamefromAPCBTMPtothisgroupintheformofaweighingscale,tarpaulinandtomatocratesforpromotingmarketingfacilitiesfortheSKRMG.
Facilitating farm credit
TheSKRMGtookaloanofRs2,80,000fromIndianbank,Nimanapalliandassisteditsmembersforvariousfarmrelatedcreditneeds.All22farmershavesavedRs.85,800intheirgroup.AlsotheyhaveinsuredallthemembersunderJanashreeBheemaYojanaofLifeInsuranceCorporationofIndia.Seeingtheincreasedflowofpeopletothebankbrancheveryday,theBankhasdecidedtoprovidemobilebankingfacilitytotheKommireddygaripalli.Thisfacilityismadeavailableonthreealternativedaysinaweek.BecauseofthisthemembersofSriKisanRythuMitraGroupwasabletodotheirdepositsandwithdrawalsinthevillageitselfenablingthemtosavetimeandmoneyspentonvisitingthebank.ThefarmersinSKRMGarenowlookingforexpandingtheirdairyactivityfurtherbypurchasinganadditional25cows.TheyestimatedthatitwouldcostRs.20lakhsandhaveapproachedNABARDforaloan.
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Chandana - a self-made entrepreneur
Chandana’s difficult childhood
Chandana,28yearsisamemberofSriAnnammaKalanjiaminAkshayaMahilaKalanjiamFederationofwomenSHGspromotedbyDHANFoundationinTumkurmandal,inKarnataka.
ChandanawasbornandbroughtupinTumkur,predominantlyanindustrialbeltnearBangalore,Karnataka.Shewastheeldestinherfamily.Herfatherwasaprivatebusdriverandmotherwasahousewife.Shewasabrightstudentinherschool,whichmadehertocompleteherpre-universitydegreewithease,butshehadtofacealotofdifficultiestopursueherstudiesasherfatherearnedRs.4500/permonth,whichwassufficienttoonlyfeedthem.ItwaswhenChandanadoingherpre-universitydegree,herfatherfellillduetoAsthama,andleftthemdeepdistress.Shewasjust18yearsthattime.
Theentirefamilywasthunderstruckduetothissuddenshock.Hermotherbeingahousewifehadnoclueofwhattodonext.Buttherewasnoothergoforherbuttoshoulderthefamilyresponsibility.Chandanathoughhadinteresttopursuehigher
education,decidedtoburyherdreamsandhelphermother.HelpcamefromthebusownerforwhomChandana’sfatherworked.HegavethemRs.40000,withwhichtheydecidedtostartaprovisionalstoreinasmallway.Chandanahelpedhermotherinpurchaseofmaterialsandsellingtheminthestore.Theprovisionalstorebroughtsomerelieftothefamily.
Chandana’s Marriage
Thestrugglewentonforthreeyears.Chandana’smotherdecidedtogethermarriedather21yearstohermaternaluncleJwalendraKumarwhoalsolivedinTumkurandworkedinaPicklefactoryasasupervisor.AfterChandana’smarriage,hermothermovedbacktohernativetownBellarywithherson.TheprovisionalstorewasalsodisposedformeetingChandana’smarriageexpenses.ChandanatoomovedwithherhusbandandsistertoUpparahallinearTumkur.
Herqualificationofpre-universitydegreeandherself-learnedcomputerskillsduringherschoolinggotheracontractualjobinBSNLascomputeroperator,whereshewaspaidRs.3000/monthfordataentryofcustomer’sprofile.Sheworkedforsevenmonthsduringwhichshegotpregnant.Asherhusbandadvisedshequitthejobandstartedtakingcareofherchild.
Stories from the Grassroots
Annual Report 2012100
ItwasduringthisperiodChandanaheardabout‘Kalanjiam”,thewomenselfhelpgroupspromotedbyDHANFoundationinhervillage.ChandanajoinedkalanjiaminDecember2010withahopeofgettingoutofthefinancialcrisistheyfaced.
Chandana emerged as an entrepreneur
ShewasregularinattendingalltheKalanjiammeetings,savingandtakingandrepayingsmallloansformeetingherdomesticneeds.Inoneoftheclustermeetingssheattended,wherethetopicfordiscussionwasincreasingtheincomeofmembers’families.ItwasthenChandanagotherambitionkindledandsheraisedthequestioninthemeeting“WhatlivelihoodactivitycanIstartwithminimuminvestmentandalsothatisviable?”
Herlifestartedtakingadifferentturnfromthenonwards.OfthedifferentideasthatcameshegotconvincedofstartingaBanglestoreandsoughtherhusband’ssupportforthesame.HerhusbandreadilyagreedandalsosupportedwithRs20,000thathesavedinalocalchitfund.SheinvestedRs.10000thatshegotfromKalanjiamasloantowardsadvancefortheshop.Theshopisconvenientlysituatednearherhouse.Sheboughttworacksforhangingthebangles.ShepurchasedbanglesandfashionjewelriesforRs.20000withherhusband’scontributionandstartedherbusiness.
HerrelationshipwithfellowSHGwomencametoherhelpastheyturnedouttoashercustomers.InitiallydailyturnoverwasverylessthatbroughtherRs.100-150/-asherdailyprofit.Thenshegotanideaofextendinghershopwithmorefancyitemsandcosmetics.KalanjiamsupportedherwithanotherloanofRs.5000tobringadditionalmaterialtotheshop.Fromthisshestarted
earninggoodincome.HerdailyincomeincreasedtoRs.300-400.Shefeelsveryhappyabouthercontributiontothefamily,admittedhersonagoodschool.
Chandanadidnotstopwiththat.Shediversifiedherbusiness,withseasonalsaleofsareesanddressmaterialsduringfestivals.SheoftentravelstoBangaloorutobuyfancyitemsdemandedbyhercustomers.Shetakesthecompanyofherhusbandorhersisterforpurchasingtheproducts.
Sellingsareesanddressmaterialsatfestiveseasonsworkedwell,andshedecidedtotakeitasafulltimebusinessinhershop.ShestartedbuyingthesareesanddressmaterialsfromthewholesalemarketinBangalore.Sheisgoodatmanagingmoney,savingandusingitforbusiness,withoutgoingformoreloans.ShewaspromptinrepayingtheloansthatshegotfromherKalanjiamaswell.InadditiontoKalanjiam,whereshesavedRs.6200,shealsosupportsherhusbandtopayforthechitfund,fromwhichtheymanagedinvestmentfortheshop.NowChandanaisquitehappyandproudofherbusiness,inwhichsheistheowner.
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Farm pond moves Fakeer’s lifeFakeer, a traditional farmer
Fakeer,60years,isapoorDalitfarmerhailingfromBodampallivillageinKoutalaMandalofAdilabaddistrict,AndhraPradesh.BodampalliisasmallhamletinthisMandal.Over350familiesarelivinghereandfarmingistheirmajor
sourceoflivelihood.FakeerlosthiswifeRukmabaiather45yearsduetocancer.Hehastwosonsandadaughter.Hiseldersonworkswithhimintheirfarmandtheyoungeroneisstudyingincollegeandhisdaughtergotmarried.Fakeerlivesinathatchedhouse,withhiseldersonandhisdaughter-in-law.Theyownsixacresofland,twocowsandcalves,apairofbullocks,andtenhens.Thelandownedbyhimisrainfed.Hecultivatescotton,paddy,redgramandsoybean,andthecultivationwasalwaysatthemercyofrainfall.Formorethanadecadehecouldnotgetenoughyieldsfromtheduetoinsufficientrains,andmanyyearshelosthiscropscompletely.
Entry of Vayalagam Programme
In2008DHANFoundationinitiateditsVayalagamTankfedAgricultureDevelopmentProgrammeinKoutalaMandal.ItwasstartedwiththeWatershedDevelopmentFundsetup
bytheNationalBankforAgricultureandRuralDevelopment(NABARD-WDF).DevelopmentworkswereinitiatedintwowatershednamelyBodampalliandBalajiankodawatershedscovering10andbenefiting2300hectaresofland.
ThesupportfromNABARDcameafterwitnessingtheinvolvementoffarmersinconstructionoffarmpondsconstructioninthisareabywayof“Shramadhan(freelabour)”,throughwhichRs.onelakhworthofworksweredone.ThisexperiencethenmadeNABARDtoconsiderShrmadhanasaqualifyingprocessforsanctioningwatershedproject.Thewatershedprojectinvolvesanumberofsoilandwaterconservationpracticestoimprovetheagricultureandalliedactivitiesinthetargetarea,inwhichconstructionoffarmponds,communitymanagementoftanksandrenovationofopenwellsarethemajoractivities.
Farm pond in Fakeer’s land
Fakeer’slandfallsunderBodampalliwatershed.AteamfromDHANFoundationvisitedthisvillagein2009andmetthefarmersandundertookparticipatoryplanningprocess.Thefarmerswereorganisedintoawatershedassociation.TheteamidentifiedfarmpondasapotentialactivityinFakeer’sland.Whenthisideawasmooted,hedidnotacceptitinitiallywithafearthatfarmpondwilloccupyaportionofhislandandthatlandwillberenderedpermanentlynotavailable
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forcultivation.Fakeerwasreassuredbytheteamrepeatedly,astheyfoundthelandwithfarmpondwillassurehimpaddycropthatfaceswatershortageatthecriticalphasesofcropsuchasfloweringandgrainfilling.Aftercontinuouspersuasionhereluctantlyagreedtoconstructafarmpondandtoextendhislabourtowardshiscontribution.
ThestaffandFakeerassessedjointlythepossiblelocationoffarmpondinhisland.Itwasdecidedthata10X10cmfarmpondwillservethepurpose.Thentheymobilized15othervillagersandFakeerjoinedthemtodowork.Theywereabletodighardlytoadepthofonemeter,becauseofasmallsub-surfacedrainage,fromwhichwaterstartedseepingout.Allofthemfelthappy,buttheteamtoldthemthatthedepthwillnotbesufficientinthelongrun.Thentheypumpedthewaterusingdieselpumpsandcontinuedtodig
forninemoredaysandthefarmpondwasdugtothedepthof2.2meters.ThevillagewatershedcommitteemembersandDHANStafftogethertookthemeasurementsofFarmpondandestimatedthecostofconstructionasRs.21,000,whichwaspaidbytheVillagewatershedcommitteeaccounttowardslabour.
Farm pond secured Fakeer’s livelihood
Fakeerstartedcultivatingpaddyasrainfedcropandwhentherewasnorainandheusedthewaterfromfarmpondtoirrigatethecrop.Thewaterinhisfarmpondstayedforninemonths,withwhichhestartedcultivatingBengal-gramandwheat,andhegrewvegetablesonthebundsoffarmpondduringtherabiseasonofthreemonths
Thewaterfromfarmpondwasusefultohiminmanyways.Previouslyhehadtofetchwaterforhislivestockandforpreparingpesticidesprayfromonekilometredistanceandusedbullockcarttotransportwater.Henomorestrugglesasdidinthepast,thankstothefarmponds.
“InitiallyIthoughtthatfarmpondwillbeofnouseandthatitwilltakeawaysomepartofmyland.NowIrealizethatitisusefulformeindifferentways,andIcouldcultivatecropsinalltheseasons,withoutlosingtimeandyield”saysFakeer.
Before farm pond
Karif 2009
CropArea cultivated
(acres)Expenses
in Rs. Harvest
6 quintalsGross income
in Rs. Net income
in Rs.
Cotton 1.0 10000 25bags 15,600 5,600
Paddy 1.5- 7000 4bags 20000 13000
Soybean 1.5 3500 1bag 6500 3000
Jowar 0.5 200 700 500
Total 4.5 20,700 42,800 22,100
Rabi 2009 - No crops grown
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After farm pond 2010
Karif 2010
CropArea cultivated
(acres)Expenses
in Rs. Harvest
6 quintalsGross income
in Rs. Net income
in Rs.
Cotton 2.5 27000 25quintals 68000 41000
Paddy 1.5 8500 33bags 29700 21200
Soybean 1.0 7000 10bags 160t00 9000
Redgram 1.0 3000 5bags 15000 12000
Total 6.0 45500 128700 83200
Rabi2010
Bengalgram 0.5 500 56kgs. 560Keptforhomeuse
Wheat 0.05 500 25kgs. 375
Vegetables Onbunds - 25kgs. -
After farm pond 2011
Karif 2011
CropArea cultivated
(acres)Expenses
in Rs. Harvest
6 quintalsGross income
in Rs. Net income
in Rs.
Cotton 2.5 30000 25quintals 75000 45000
Paddy 1.5 8500 35bags 31500 23000
Soybean 1.0 7000 8bags 12800 5800
Redgram 1.0 3000 5bags 15000 12000
Total 6.0 48500 134300 85800
Rabi2011
Bengalgram 0.5 500 50kgs. 560Keptforhomeuse
Wheat 0.05 500 20kgs. 375
Vegetables Onbunds - 25kgs. -
Once-hesitantFakeerisnowaconfidentadvocateoffarmponds.Heshareshisexperiencetothefarmersnearbytomotivatethemtogoforfarmponds.Withtheincomefromthelandheeducateshisyoungersonforhighereducation;hehasspent
Rs.45,000tosendhissonforcoachingtoappearforcompetitiveexams.Thisapart,heandhisfamilymemberseatgoodmixoffoodsuchasrice,wheat,pulsesandvegetables,whichwasnotthecaseearlier.
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Hanumakka’s life turnedHanumakka,33isamemberofSriVeerbhadraswamyKalanjiaminAdakavalavillage,DoddaballapuraTalukofBangaloreruraldistrictinKarnataka.
Hanumakkagotmarriedat19yearstohermaternaluncleinAdakavalavillage.Bothwereaidealcoupleandledtheirlifehappilywithtwosonsandonedaughter.Theyownedthreeacresofrain-fedlandandsincetheincomefromitwasmeagertheyusedtoworkasagriculturallaborers.Theyfeltcontentwithwhattheyearned,thoughthelandtheyowneddidnotfetchthemgoodreturnsalways.AshockfellonHanumakka’slifewhenherhusbanddesertedhersuddenlyaftereightyearsofmarriageforunknownreasons.Shedoesn’tevenknowabouthiswhereabouts.“Igotverymuchdepressedwhenmyhusbandleftme.IwassodistressedthatevensuicidalthoughtshauntedmeandyetIgatheredcouragetoliveforthesakeofmychildren.Idecidedtofacethechallengesinfrontofme”Haumakkasays.
Afterherhusbandlefthershestartedresidinginhermother’shouseinthesamevillage.HermotheristoooldtogoforanyworkandHanumakkahadtoearntofeedallinherfamily.Hanumakka
usedtogrowragiandmaizeinheragriculturalland,whichwasatthemercyofrainfallandforcultivatingthemsheborrowedfromlocalmoneylenderswhocharged60percentinterestfortheloan.Astheyieldwaslow,shefeltdifficulttorepaytheloan.Attimessheleasedherlandtoothersinvillageonthebasisofshare-croppingandtheretooshehadthebitterexperienceofgettingcheated.Thisforcedhertoleaveherlandfallowmanyyears.
Hanumakka grabbed the opportunity
DHANFoundationstartedpromotingKalanjiamSHGsinDoddaballapurablockin2006withpoorwomen.AwealthrankingwasdonetoidentifypoorwomenandfacilitatethemtojoinSHG.Whentheconceptofgroupwasexplainedonly16womencameforwardedtoformaSHGinthevillage.SriVeerbhadraswamyKalanjiamwassoborninMarch2005.Hanumakkawasoneamongthem.Asthefellowwomenknewherasaconfidentwomanandarticulative,shewasselectedasthePresidentofthegroup.Thegroupmembersmet7thofeverymonthstartedsavingRs.20permonth.AllthemembershavesavedRs.123,859sofar.
Created assets
Hanumakkawasanactivememberinthegroupwhoneverskipedameetingandsavedregularly.
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Annual Report 2012 105
ThesavingsofthemembersgotinternallyrotatedintheSHGasloanfordifferentpurposes.HanumakkagotRs7000asherfirstloaninJune2006,withwhichshepurchasedagoatfromanotherfarmerresidinginthesamevillageforRs5000andusedtherestoftheamountforherfamilyneeds.“ThegoatwasthefirstassetIcreatedwiththesupportoftheKalanjiam”saysHanumakka.Shecontinuedtoparticipateregularlyinthegroupmeetingandrepaidtheamountpromptly.Shealsomotivatedothermemberstoactsimilarly.
InNovember2006theSriVeerbhadraswamyKalanjiamgotRs30,000asthefirstexternalloanfromCorporationBankatDoddabelavanagalablock.Hanumakkadidnotreceiveanyloanfromthisandleftitforothermemberswhowereinneedofit.InthemeanwhileHanumakkahasmultipliedhergoatfromonetoseven.Ofthese,shesoldthreegoatsforRs.8500andspentoncultivatingherlandandeducationalpurposeofherchildren.
Intheyear2009,HanumakkaandthegroupmembersdecidedtoapplyfortheSGSY(SwarnajayanthiGramSwarajgarYojana)loantoatuneofeightlakhrupeesmeantforpeopleBelowPovertyLine(BPL).ThegroupmembersgottheBPLcardsfromtheGramPanchayatandappliedfortheloan.Theloanwasreleasedintwoinstallmentsoffourlakheach,withasubsidyportionofonelakhrupee.Thefirstinstallmentwassanctionedin2009,fromwhichHanumakkatookaloanofRs.25000forpurchasingacow.ShewenttonearbycattlemarketinDoddabelavanagalaandpurchasedacow.
Gained skills
Sincerearingamilchanimalwasanewactivityforher,shewaseagertogainmuchknowledgeaboutit.SheattendedatrainingofferedbyGandhiKrishiVigyanKendra(GKVK),Bangalore.Shealsounderwentatrainingonmaintainingavermicompostunit.Shewassohappyinattendingthesetrainings.Shesays“Ihaveneverattendedtrainingslikethisbeforeandneverhadtheopportunityorconfidencetotravelalone.ButIgotgoodtrainingondairyactivitywhichallhappenedbecauseofjoiningKalanjiam”
Hanumakkadidnotwastetheknowledgeshegainedfromthetraining.Shesetupavermicompostunitofsize10X4feetinfrontofherhouse,withbrickandcementtakingthesupportofalocalmason.Theunitgenerated40-50kgofvermicompostinfourmonthsandsheusesthemanureforherownland.Withincreasedconfidenceindairyfarming,shepurchasedanothercowbyborrowingRs25000fromKalanjiamin2010whenthegroupreceivedthesecondinstallmentoftheSGSYloan.
Hanumakkasdaystartsat5.00A.M,whenshetakesthemilktothedairy.Afterthisshespendstimeincleaningandmaintainingthecowshed,feedingthemanddoinghouseholdworks.DuringagriculturalseasonsshealsoworksasacoolieandearnadditionalincomeRs.150perdayaswage,whichhoweverisseasonal.
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Standing on her own legs
Thewisedecisionofinvestingonlivestockcoupledwithherhardwork,yieldedhergoodresults.Hanumakkahasnowfourgoatsandtwocows,theassetswhichcanmultiplyfurtherandfetchhermorereturns.Themilkyieldfromboththecowsatpresentis15litersperday.ShepoursthemilkatthevillagemilkprocurementunitwhichwasinitiatedbytheKMF(KarnatakaMilkFederation),fromwhichshegetsRs.20perliterofthemilk.ThussheearnsRs.300perdayandearnsanetincomeofRs.240.Assheusedtotakethecowsforgrazing,heronlyexpenseisprovidingthemconcentratedfeedandoccasionalmedicalexpenditures,onanaverageshespendsRs.60perdayforit.
Hanumakkanowleadsherlifewithoutanyfearandalsowascontendedwithwhatsheearns.“Ifeelhappytorearcows,besidesgoingforcooliworkthewholeday.WiththeincomeIearn,Iamabletoeducatemychildren.MyeldersonHemanthKumaranddaughterKemparathnaarestudyingPre-universitycourseandtheyoungersonPunithKumarisstudying10thstandard.Allmyeffortsaretogivethemgoodeducationonly”saysHanumakkawithpride.Hanumakkanowcultivatesherlandandhasafutureplanofdiggingaborewellinheragriculturallandsothatitfetchesgoodreturns.
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Community asset for livelihoodsChinnakannanurisasmallhamletinManamaduraiblockofSivagangaidistrictinTamilNadu.Farmingisamajorlivelihoodforthepeopleinthisvillage.Chinnakannanurbigtankisonethemainwaterresourceofthisvillageand405farmfamiliesgetbenefitedfromit.Thetotalcommandareaofthistankisabout320acresandthewaterspreadareaisabout106acres.Thetankgetsthesupplyfromitsfreecatchment’sareaandfromthesurplusoftheMilaganurbigtank.Thetankhasfoursluicesandasurplusweir.
Thecommunitiesinthisvillagehavebeenregularlytakingupminortankmaintenanceactivitieswiththeircommonfund.Howevertheycouldnottakeupbundstrengtheningworkinabigway,becausemanypartsofthetankbundwereveryweak.ThreeyearsbeforethePublicWorksDepartmentstartedrenovationworkinthistank.BecauseofthepoorqualityoftheworkdonebythecontractoremployedbythePWD,thevillagersstoppedthework.ThenthePWDreplacedthecontractorandcompletedthework.Lastyear,thePWDrepairedanothersluiceinthetank.Thevillagersdidnotlikethecontractor’sworks,whousuallydeliversapoorqualityofwork.Instead,thelocalcommunitieshavealwaysbeenexpressingtheirinteresttorenovatetheirtankthroughtheirvillagetraditionalassociationtoensurethegoodqualityofwork.
Farmersinthisvillagehadwitnessedadrinking
waterponddevelopmentworkinanearbyManangathanVillagetakenbyaVillageAssociationpromotedbyDHANFoundation.Byseeingtheimpactandqualityofponddevelopmentwork,theChinnakannanurvillagersapproachedDHANtodoasimilarworkintheirvillageaswell.TheentirevillagewasreadytopromoteaTankAssociation.AprojectteamfromDHANvisitedthetankandpromotedChinnakannanurVayalagamAssociation.Thefarmerswereorientedoninstitutionalsystemsandprocesses,andleaderswereelectedbythevillagerstorepresentthemintheAssociation.
Intheyear2011,theVillageAssociationinChinnakannanurpreparedanestimateforrenovatingtheirtankandsubmittedtotheMission“SUNERAKAL-Goldentomorrow”spearheadedbyITCLimitedunderitsCorporateSocialResponsibility,implementedinpartnershipwithDHANFoundation.Thepeopleexpressedtheirneedofstrengtheningthetankbunds,closingabreachinthefeederchannelthatoccurredduringthepreviousyearmonsoon.Becauseofthebreachesinthebundofthefeederchannel,thewaterwasletoffwastewithoutgoingtothetank.ThetotalestimateforthisworkwasaboutRs250,000,ofwhichtheVillageAssociationcontributed15percentofthetotalcostofthework.TheassociationalsogotaNo-objectioncertificatefromPWDbeforestartingthework.
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Allthroughthework,thevillagersparticipatedcompletelyandtheywereveryhappybyseeingthequalityoftheworkandtransparencyofthetankassociationinfundutilization.Thevillagemeetingwasconductedandtheaccountsoftheworkweresharedbythetankassociationleadersinfrontofallthevillagers.
Throughthiswork,anadditionalstoragevolumeof8358cubicmeterhasbeencreated.Theexcavatedearthwasusedforstrengtheningthe
tankbundandclosingthebreachinthefeederchannel.Breachclosingworkofthefeederchannelensuredthegoodflowofthewaterfromthecatchmentareawithoutanyleakage.Thetankwasfilledinthesubsequentrain.Entiretankcommandareaof320acrewascultivatedwithpaddycropandadditional80acresofthedrylandwasalsocultivated.Thefarmersgotgoodyieldin400acresandtheyhavegot35bagsofpaddyinoneacreagainstthepreviousyieldof25to30bags.
Mission Sunera Kal - Golden Tomorrow
SivagangaiisachronicallydroughtpronedistrictinTamilNadu,India.Farmingisaprimarysourceoflivelihoodformorethan70percentofthepopulationinthisdistrict.Therainfallisveryerratic
andmostoftherainfall isreceivedduringnortheastmonsooninOctoberandNovember.Surfacerunoffof rainwater captured and stored in the traditional irrigation structures calledTanks, alsoknownasKanmoiinTamilisamajorsourceofirrigation.
Allthe4260smallirrigationtanksand650biggertanksinthisdistrictprovideirrigationtomorethan80percentoftheirrigatedlands.Besidesirrigation,thesetanksservedrinkingwaterneedsofthelocalcommunitiesandtheirlivestock,andshelterdiversefaunaandflora.Withuncertainrainfallandpoorstorageoftanks,moreoftenthecropssufferduetoshortageofwaterduringfloweringstage.Iflife-savingirrigationisgivenatthattime,thecropswillsurvive.Tanksarethelifelineforthefarmersinthisdistrict.
Drasticchangesofrainfallpattern,decayofirrigationstructuresduetocontinuousmismanagementbrought adverse consequences for the livelihoods of local communities. Theprocesses of leavingrainfed lands fallow, changing croppingpatterns andout-migrationhavebeengoingon formanyyears.
Inthemiddleofsuchagloomyscenario,TheMission“SUNERAKAL-Goldentomorrow”spearheadedby ITCLimitedunder itsCorporateSocialResponsibility joinedhandswithDHANFoundationtorestore thewater resources in Singampneri,Manamadurai andThirupathur blocks in Sivagangaidistrict.DHANFollowsauniqueprocessoforganisingthecommunitiesaroundwaterbodies,buildingtheircapacitiestoplan,implementandmonitortherestoration.Renovationoftanksinvolvesraisingandstrengthening tankbunds to the requiredstandards; renovatingexistingsupplychannelsandsurpluscoursestoaugmentthesupply;repairingthesluicesandweirsforthebetterregulationofavailablewater;andprovidingplugandrodshutterstosluiceoutletstoprevent leakageofstoredwater
While the tanks serve irrigationwater needs of the farmers in the entire command area, FarmPonds are found to be critical for providing supplement irrigation. The farm-ponds are alsousedinmultiplewaysbythefarmerstoraisefodderfor livestock,rearfishes,growvegetablesforownneeds.Similarly,thedrinkingwaterponds,locallycalledOoranisarethesustainablesolutiontothedrinkingwaterproblemsfacedbythepeopleinSivagangaidistrict.Thedomesticwatersupplyfrom
Annual Report 2012 109
Ooranisoutscorestheothersourcesinaccess,adequacy,availability,andconvenience.TheOoranisrehabilitatedthroughthe“MissionSuneraKal”providewaterwithinthehamletanditreducesthedrudgeryofwomenwhousually fetchwater fordomestic needs.Bio-sandfiltersprovided to thehouseholdswereabletoensuresafetyofthewatertheydrink.
Allthesecollectiveeffortshaveledtoanimprovementinsoilandmoistureregimes,increasedwatertables,broughtmorelandunderirrigation.Withsecuredwater,peopleareabletoreapanassuredcrop,goforsecondcropandraisehorticultureplantationsintheirrainfedlands.
More than the economic benefits, there is a new spirit of optimismand confidence in the localcommunitiestotakeonfuturedevelopmentneedswiththeirVayalagams,CascadeAssociations,andtheirFederations.Withthefoundationbuiltbythepartnershiphere,theFarmers’FederationshavebroadenedtheirhorizontointegratemicrofinanceintotheVayalagams,establishICTenabledVillageInformationCentresandagriculturalinterventionstoenhanceproductivity.
The Impact " Theprojecthelpedorganising9496farmfamiliesinto197VayalagamAssociationsin99villagesinSivagangaiDistrict
" 61tanksrenovatedbyspendingRs.5.5milliontocreateadditionalstorageof82,279cubicmeterofwater,benefiting1685hectareofcommandarea.Ithascreated6388person-daysoflabour.
" 16OoraniswereconstructedbyspendingRs.2.5milliontosecure49,254cubicmeterofdrinkingwater,tobenefit4486ruralhouseholds.
" 11CommunitywellswereconstructedbyspendingRs.1.7milliontoprovidelife-savingirrigationto110hectaresoflandbenefiting176farmholdings
" 18farmpondswereconstructedbyspendingRs.0.5milliontoprovidelife-savingirrigationto21hectaresoflandbenefiting70farmholdings
" ThisprojecthelpedtheVayalagamAssociationstoleverageRs.11.3millionfromotherphilanthropies.ThecommunitieshavegeneratedRs.5.9millionassavingsandissuedRs.14.7millionasagriculturalloansfromtheirMicrofinanceGroups.
Annual Report 2012110
Shanthi shows the wayShanthi,37years,livesinAppamasamuthiram,avillagenearAtthurinSalemdistrict,TamilNadu.ShanthigotmarriedtoMr.Kasirajanather18years,whohailsfromthesamevillage.Theyhavetwochildrenwhoareattheir19and15yearsrespectively.KasirajanwasworkinginapetrolbunkwithameagermonthlywageofRs2500andShanthimanagedthehome.Shanthi’sdreamwastoeducateherchildreninanEnglishmediumschool,buttheywereabletosendthemtoalocalgovernmentschoolonly.Fortheirchildren’ssakeShanthidecidedtoworkandearn.
In2002,Shanthimanagedtoopenasmallpettyshopinfrontyardofherhouseitself.ShepledgedthreesovereignsofgoldinalocalcooperativebankandgotRs15000asloan.AstheinvestmentwaslowtheprofitwasalsoverylowrangingfromRs30to40perdaywithwhichshecouldnotsupportthefamily.“Igotfrustratedanddecidedtoclosetheshop.IwishedthatIshouldsupportmyfamilymore,butwasunabletodosobecauseofpoorincomefromit”saysShanthi.
Joining Kalanjiam
Atthattime,DHANfoundationenteredthisvillagetopromoteKalanjiamwithpoorwomen.Shanthiwasthefirstonetoaccepttheideaofformingagroup.Sheconvinced15otherwomenandformedKrishnaKalanjiaminNovember2004.Shanthiwasselectedasthetreasurerofthegroup.ThegroupmembersstartedsavingRs75,every
month,andastheyconfidentandrealizedthebenefits,theygraduallyincreasedthesavingsandnowtheysaveRs120permonth.OverthepasteightyearsShanthicouldsaveRs14500andhasaloanoutstandingofRs34500.
ShanthistartedusingthesupportofherKalanjiameffectivelyforexpandingherpettyshopintoa
Stories from the Grassroots
Annual Report 2012 111
groceryshop.Meanwhileherhusband’ssalaryalsorosefromRs.2500toRs5000,whoalsohelpedherforpurchasingmaterialsforpettyshop.BelowarethecreditdetailsavailedbyShanthiforimprovingherbusinessandeducatingherchildren.
“MyshopstartedgivinggoodreturnsafterIinvestedmoreintheshop,thankstothesupportofKalanjiamandmyhusband.PreviouslyIusedtosellonlyrice,groundnutcakes,betelleafandsnacks.ButnowIamsellingthegrocerymaterialsandvegetablesaswell.TheturnoveroftheshopisnowmorethanRs.20000/-permonth”saysShanthiwithpride.Astheshopislocatedinthevillage,Shanthifeelsthattheturnovercouldnotbeincreasedfurther.FromthissheearnsaprofitofRs.3000to3500permonth.Usingthismoneyshewasabletoeducateherchildren,buysomehouseholdarticles,clothesandalsosavedsomemoneytopurchase600squarefeetoflandwhichisworthRs.95000.
“MyshopstartedgivinggoodreturnsafterIinvestedmoreintheshop,thankstothesupportofKalanjiamandmyhusband.PreviouslyIusedtosellonlyrice,groundnutcakes,betelleafandsnacks.ButnowIamsellingthegrocerymaterialsandvegetablesaswell.TheturnoveroftheshopisnowmorethanRs.20000/-permonth”saysShanthiwithpride.Astheshopislocatedinthevillage,Shanthifeelsthattheturnovercouldnot
Year Loan Amount. (Rs) Purpose of loan taken
2004 2500 Forpurchasingthecrockerymaterialsfortheshop
2005 7500 Purchasingtheglasscontainersandmaterialsfortheshop
2006 10000 EducationloanforherchildrenwithspecialsavingsofRs.1800
2007 10000 Purchasingwoodenracksfortheshop
2007 10000 EducationloanforherchildrenwithspecialsavingsofRs.1800
2008 20000 Expandingtheshopbyrentingtheroomnearherhome
2009 30000 Purchasingtheshowcaseanddoingthealterationsinshop
2010 40000SheutilizedRs.22000toredeemingofherjewels&Rs.18000isusedforpurchasingthelandforhousing(600sq.ft)worthofRs.95000
2011 10000 Topurchasearefrigeratorforhershop
2012 40000 Forherson’shighereducation
beincreasedfurther.FromthissheearnsaprofitofRs.3000to3500permonth.Usingthismoneyshewasabletoeducateherchildren,buysomehouseholdarticles,clothesandalsosavedsomemoneytopurchase600squarefeetoflandwhichisworthRs.95000.
Realized her dream
Asherlifetimeambitionwastoeducateherchildrenforbetterfuture,shenevermindedspendingmostofherearningsforeducationofherchildren.Shanthirecallshowshestruggledtoeducateherson“IfirstenrolledmysoninThuzhuvaVelalarSchoolwherehestudiedupto5thstandardwhichdidnotincurmemuchcost.LaterIjoinedhiminanEnglishmediumschoolwherehestudiedfortwoyearsandwehadtopayafeeofRs.15000everyyear.Later,foranothertwoyearsinaMatriculationSchoolwithanannualfeeofRs.18000.Heunderstoodourdifficultiesandearnedgoodmarksinmatriculationexamination.ThenweadmittedhiminGreenTechHighersecondaryschool.NowheisstudyinginanEngineeringCollegeatMettuppalayaminsecondyear.WehaveincurredsofarRs.80000forhisengineeringstudies.Westruggledalottobringhimuptothislevel,thankstomyKalanjiamforthissupport”
Shanthi’sdaughterisnowstudying10thstandardinaMatriculationSchool.“Weprovidesamecare
Annual Report 2012112
forourdaughter’seducationaswell.Wewillensurethatshewouldalsotakeupprofessionaleducationlikeourson”saysproudShanthi.
Shanthi looks ahead
ShanthinowplanstoshifthergroceryshoptoAtturtown,wherethecustomerbaseishighandsheisveryconfidentthatshecanupgradeitintoafull-fledgeddepartmentalstore.Shealsowishestoprovideemploymenttofewwomeninhershop.“Inowhaveagoodrespectinthevillage.MyhusbandhelpsmeinrunningtheshoponholidaysandforpurchaseofmaterialsfortheshopfromAtturShandy.Allthishappenedbecauseof
supportfromKalanjiam,withoutwhichIwouldnothavereachedthisheight”saysShanthi.ShealsohasexpressedherinteresttojoinasafieldworkerintheVazhiKattuvomthittam,awelfareprogrammeforthephysicallychallengedpersonsbytheTamilNadugovernment,whichisimplementedthroughSalemAtturNagaraVattaraKalanjiam.Shedreamstobuildanownhouseinnearfuturewithallthissupport.
Mr.Kasirajansayswithpride“Withtheincomefromthisgroceryshop,andsupportfromtheKalanjiamwewouldsurelyeducateourchildren,whowouldturnourlifeinfuture.Allthesewerepossibleonlybecauseofmywife”.
Contributions of the Federation
SalemAtturNagaraVattaraKalanjiamisinitiatedinAtturat2004withthehelpofSIDBIbank.Nowitisaself-sustainedfederation.Recentlythefederationpurchased1.5acresoflandandconstructed
theircommunitycentrefromtheircommonfundgeneratedfromtheirsavingsandcreditoperations.Thereare211Kalanjiamfunctioningwith3127poorhouseholds.ThemembershaveaccumulatedatotalsavingsofRs.26.7millionandmobilisedRs.28millionfromlocalbankslastyearandmaintainaloanoutstandingof29.8millionwiththebanks.Membersavailedloansforvariousproductionandconsumptionneeds, and theyhavea loanoutstandingofRs. 46.7million.TheKalanjiamspayaninterestrateof9percentperannumonmember’ssavingsandcollectaninterestrateof15percentperannumontheirloans.Closeto6100livesincludingspousesofmembershavebeeninsuredunderLICJanashreeBeemaYojana(JBY)schemeand136lives(atbeyondtheagelimitsetbytheLICofIndia)havebeeninsuredundermutualityprogrammerunbytheFederationitself.ThroughtheJBYScheme,838studentshavebeenprovidedscholarshipworthofRs.onemillion.Lastyear32familieshavegotthedeathclaimstothetuneofRs.1.67million.Eighteenphysicallychallengedpersonshavereceived
Madurai Symposium
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Madurai SymposiumAdvancing Development towards Sustainable Livelihoods
Broadlyspeaking,livelihoodscanbeseenastheutilizationofourhumanandmaterialassetstomeettherequirementsofourselvesandourhouseholds.However,unlikeregularemployment,whichcanoftenbeseenastransitional,livelihoodsaretypicallyseenasawayoflife.Understandinglivelihoods,therefore,iscrucialforimprovingdevelopmentactionandreducingpoverty.
Therehavebeenseveralframeworks,approaches,andmodelsthroughwhichlivelihoodpromotionactivitieshavetakenplace.Theseframeworksaredesignedtohelpdevelopmentactorsunderstandthecomplexinterplayofpersonal,familial,social,andpoliticalfactors,allofwhichinfluencelivelihoodmobility.Forthepoorinparticular,livelihoodmobilityshouldhelppoorhouseholdsimprovetheirself-reliance.Inparticular,theyshouldbedesignedtomovehouseholdsfromastateofsurvival(highvulnerability)tosubsistence(endurancewithlimitedsecurity)toself-employed(astateofstabilisationandsecurity).
India’sdevelopmentactorsfromallsectorshavehaddecadesofexperienceinpromotingandstrengtheninglivelihoods,whetherdirectlyorindirectly.Intheprocess,manyadditionalframeworks,quiteoftenspecifictotheoperationalareasofthetargetcommunity(whethergeographicallyorsocioeconomicallydistinct),havebeendeveloped.
Annual Report 2012 115
DHANFoundationhasbeenimplementingpovertyreductionprogrammeswithsectoralfocusparticularlyonlivelihoodsenhancementformorethantwodecades.DHANFoundationcollaborateswithbanks,governmentorganizations,corporations,andphilanthropies,andworkswithsmallandmarginalfarmingcommunities,womenfrompoorhouseholds,adolescentgirls,leadersoflocalgovernance,andyouth.
DHANFoundationhasinitiatedaprocessofsensitizingdevelopmentstakeholders—communityinstitutions,civilsocieties,theGovernment,non-governmentorganisations(NGOs),financialinstitutionsandacademia—ondifferentdimensionsofdevelopmentthroughseminars,workshops,meetingsamongthemembersofdevelopmentnetworkorganizations,anddirectaction.
OneofthesemethodsofdisseminatingandsharingknowledgeamongdevelopmentstakeholdersistheMaduraiSymposium—adevelopment“festival”comprisingworkshops,seminars,conferences,andconventions—thatwaspromotedbyDHANFoundationin2003asaplatformtobringpeopletogethertosharetheirexperiences,successes,failures,best-practices,andchallenges,andtolearndirectlyfromthecommunities.FourbiennialsymposiumswereorganisedinMaduraibetween2003and2009,eachattendedbyover15,000participants.The2009MaduraiSymposiumbroughtdevelopmentstakeholderstogethertoshareandlearnfromeachother’s’experiencesand
practiceswithrespecttoAdvancingDevelopment:TowardsMillenniumDevelopmentGoals.
TheMaduraiSymposium2011providedopportunitiesfordevelopmentstakeholderstolearnfromeachother’s’experience,collaboratetodevelopfurtherinterventionstohelperadicatepoverty,andidentifywaystosustain,enhance,anddiversifylivelihoodsofthepoor.
ItcanbearguedthatthereisareinforcingcircularrelationshipbetweenlivelihoodsandtheMillenniumDevelopmentGoals(MDGs).TheeightMDGscanbeseenasacomprehensivepovertyreductionframework,andwithreducedpovertycomesincreasedstabilityandsecurity.Similarly,oneofthemosteffectivemethodsforachievingtheMDGsisthroughsustainablelivelihoodspromotionsince,inordertobringaboutsustainabilityinlivelihoods,manyoftheMDGsmustbeconsidered.Thus,buildingupontheknowledgegainedfromtheearliersymposiums,thethemefor2011isAdvancingDevelopment:TowardsSustainableLivelihoods.
The2011MaduraiSymposiumwasorganizedwiththecollaborationoforganizationsrepresentingacademia,NGOs,theGovernment,banks,privatecorporations,andfundingagencies.Over30eventswereorganizedincludingseminars,workshops,andconventionswiththecommunitiesonvariouslivelihoods-relatedthemes.Inadditiontoprovidingaplatformtosharebestpracticesand
Annual Report 2012116
knowledgeonlivelihoodpromotion,theMaduraiSymposiumwasalsoanopportunitytopromotenetworksamongthedevelopmentplayers;fostercollaborationsforaction;shareopportunitiesforresourcemobilisation;andidentifyleadsforactioninrelationtopolicyareasandfieldpractice.
TheMaduraiSymposiumalsofeaturedstageperformancesoftraditionalculturalshowsbythecommunities,adevelopmentfilmfestival,andanexhibition.AstheMaduraiSymposiumisaknowledgesharingandmanagementevent,theTata-DhanAcademy—adevelopmentmanagementinstitutepromotedbyDHANFoundation,Madurai,andSirRatanTataTrust,Mumbai—tooktheresponsibilityoforganizingtheevent.Asapartofknowledgedisseminationprocess,theTata-DhanAcademyhasdocumentedtheproceedingsofeachevent,andresolutionsanddeclarationsmadejointlybyalltheparticipantsoftheMaduraiSymposium.
DECLARATAIONS
Farmer Conventions
Future-search Process for People Institutions to Enhance Rainfed Farming
" Rainfedfarmersneedtovisionforthenext10yearskeepinginmindthepresentchallenges
andtheopportunitiesavailableforthemtomakerainfedfarmingviableandsustainable.
Tank-based Livelihoods
" Allthetanksarerequiredtobelinkedtoformacascadeoftanks.
" TheGovernment,besidesenactingsuitablelaws,shouldallocateneededfundsforthemaintenanceofwaterbodiesandshouldsanctionwaterbodiesrestorationunderMGNREGA.
" Relatedactivitieslikefishrearingandsiltapplicationshouldbemadeviable.
UPNRM and Livelihoods
" Eco-friendlyactivitiescouldbeidentifiedandintegratedwiththeUPNRMproject.TheproductsidentifiedunderUPNRMshouldnotdegradeoroverexploittheresources.
" Dripirrigation,bio-gasplantsatthefamilylevel,cultivatingfoddercrops,andpurchasingoffarmimplementsandequipmentsforvalueadditioncouldalsobeintegratedunderUPNRMproducts.
" Atthefarmlevel,UPNRMactivitiesaredirectlyrelatedwithlivelihoodsdevelopmentinterventionsastheycoulddirectlysupporttheupgradingoflandandwaterresources
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whicharecrucialassetsofthefarmingfamilies.
" UnderUPNRM,traditionalagriculturalpracticessuchasseedbanks,manurepits,andrevivalofwaterharvestingsourcescouldbeconsideredforloanproducts.
" ThevalueadditiononagriculturecommoditiesbasedonthecontextspecificneedscouldbetakenupunderUPNRMthroughpeopleinstitutionsatdifferentlevels,forexample,attheVayalagam,Cascade,PPGs,PMGs,PCsandFederation.
" Collectingandprocuring,hiringthegodowns,hiringthetransports,infrastructure,andsoon,couldalsobeintegratedwithUPNRMwiththesocialcapitalbuiltaroundVayalagams,CascadesandFederations.
" TheUPNRMhasdemonstratedthatNRMactivitiescouldbebankableandcommercialbanksandtheRBIcouldevolvepoliciesrelatedtosimilarloanstosupportthefarmersatalargescale.
" WatershedassociationsandcascadescanutilizethisUPNRMprojectfortheirsustainabilitytoimpacttheindividuals.
" TheactivitieslistednewlyfordevelopingtheproductsunderUPNRMaresharedas:
y Poultryasalliedactivity
y Agriculture-basedgoatrearingandmilchanimalrearing
y Coconutcoirpreparing
y Individualwelldeepening
y Fencingforindividuallands
y Treeplantationsinwastelands
y Greenhousepromotion
y Paddygodownpromotion
y Purchaseoftractorsforgroupsandcascades
y Harvestingmachinecombinedharvester
y Seedlingandotherfarmimplements
y Removalofgrassandmanganathiweed
y Rearinglivestock
y Redeemingtheindebtedlands
y Storagegodowns
y Grassinglandgrasslandpromotion
y Venturecapitalforcollectivemarketing
y Weederpurchase
Women Conventions
Impact of Financing Livelihoods
" SHGfederationsshallincorporatenecessaryamendmentsinsavings,creditandinsurancerelatedpoliciestostabilizeincomegeneratingactivitiesandtoensureoptimalearningsforallthememberhouseholds.
" Inurbanareas,self-helpgroupsandtheirnetworksneedtoworkcloselywithstategovernmentstoensureentitlementsofsmallvendorsandtostrengthenskillbuildingofthemembersondifferenttradesandservices.
" Inthetribalbelts,effortsarerequiredtoensureentitlementsbesidesintegratinghealth,educationandvariousoccupationalgroupswithmicrofinanceinterventions.
" GovernmentandbanksneedtooffermoreflexibletermsinlendingtovariousactivitiesofSHGs.
IGNOU Community College Initiatives for Sustainable Livelihoods
" Ineveryregion,theneedassessmentforcommunitycollegeshastobeundertakenbypreparingtheinceptiondocumentasamandatoryactivitybythepromoterofcommunitycolleges.
" Curriculumdevelopmentshouldbeincollaborationwithindustriesbyeverycommunitycollegeinordertofacilitatelivelihoodsopportunitiesforthelearners.
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" ThecommunitycollegeconcepthastobespearheadedbyIGNOUandDHANFoundationthroughcollaborativeaction.
National Convention on Skill-building for Sustainable Livelihoods
" Everypeople’sorganizationintheDHANcollectiveshouldcreateadatabaseonthelivelihoodsstatusoftheirmembersandprepareinceptiondocumentsforpromotingpotentiallivelihoodactivities.
" Needsassessmentsmustbedoneforthememberswhoareatdifferentstagesofpoverty—survival,subsistenceandself-employment—totakeupappropriatelivelihoodinterventions.
" Lendingpoliciesshouldberefinedtofacilitatethecreationofqualityproductiveassetsthroughappropriatelivelihoodinterventionsatthefamilylevel.
" PartnershipsshouldbeestablishedwithNABARD,JNNURMandlocalgovernmentsforstrengtheningproducersgroupsandcompanies,andforskill-buildingofindividualmemberstopromotesustainablelivelihoods.
People Conventions
Role of MGNREGA in Livelihoods Development
" SocialauditwouldbeeffectivelyfacilitatedatthePanchayatleveltohavebetterassessmentofandaccesstoMGNREGA.
" InitiativeshavetobetakentodisseminateimplementationdetailsofMGNREGAthroughposters,wallwritingsandhandbillstocreateawarenessamongtheruralpeople.
" ThecommunitydevelopmentinfrastructureshouldbecreatedthroughtheMGNREGAand10percentfundfromthetotalbudgetshouldbeallocatedforthemaintenanceofthecreatedassets.
" Anadditional50daysofemploymentshouldbeprovidedforbelowpovertyline(BPL)families.
" AdditionalstaffshouldbeappointedformonitoringMGNREGAworkforitseffectiveness
" ConstructionworkandagricultureworkshouldbeconvergedwithMGNREGAtocreatesustainablecommonassets
" MGNREGAshouldnotbetreatedasafreeprogramme.Awarenessshouldbecreatedamongpeopletoknowtheimportanceoflabouringforthebenefitofthecommunity.
Convention on Medicinal Plants for Sustainable Livelihood
" Independentsmall-scalemedicalplantgatherersmustbeorganisedasprimaryproducergroups(PPGs)andfederated.ThePPGmembersneedtobetrainedongoodcollectionandcultivationpracticestogetbetterpricesthroughenhancingtheproduct.
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Moreovertheywillbetrainedonsustainableandregenerativemethodsofmedicalplantscollectionandcultivationutilisingthewastelandsinthevillagesandallowingplantstoself-sowwithouttotaluprootingandmasssowingofseeds.
" Afacilitativeenvironmentformedicinalplantsgatherersandcultivatorsneedstobecreatedtogetlegitimatesupportssuchassubsidies,insurance,andtaxexemptionfromtherawdriedherbs.Farmersshouldbeprovidedwithidentificationcardstolegallycollectmedicinalplants.Besidesthequalitycontrollaboratorywiththetechnicalsupportofcollaboratorswouldbeestablished.Machineriessuchassandsegregators,chopcutters,andpowderingmachinesforvalueadditionofdriedherbalplantswouldalsobeinstalled.
" AresearchbasewiththesupportofPPGmembers,fundingagenciesandresearchinstitutesneedstobeestablishedforcollectingdataontheareasundermedicinalplants,memberofgatherers,cultivators,supplychain,andproblemsexperiencedbythem.
" Usageoftraditionalmedicinalproductsforcommonailmentsinvillagesneedstoberevivedandpopularised.Moreover,the‘surecure’formulationsforailmentslikeanaemiaaretobeprepared,popularisedandmarketed.
ICT and Livelihood
" Newspapers,mobilephones,radio,TV,computerandtheinternetaremajorcommunicationtoolsthatcouldbeeffectivelyusedforcreatinglivelihoodsforthepoor.
" Newspaperinformationismostlylocationandsectorspecific.Thereisaneedfortoolssuchasvillageinformationcentrestoprovidedocumentedinformationforfurtheruse.
" ThereisabigdemandforvoiceSMS.SuitabletopicshavetobeidentifiedforvoiceSMStobenefitthefarmers,womenandyouth.
" WiththesupportofIGNOUandothereducationalinstitutions,theeducationalservicethroughvillageinformationcentresshouldbestrengthenedandthecollaborationwithotherinstitutionsandindustriesneed
tobefurtherstrengthenedforcreatingemploymentopportunities.
" ICTandlivelihoodthroughVICshouldbedocumentedandtheexperienceshouldbedisseminated.
" ThefarmersandwomenneedtobetrainedinaccessingthelivelihoodsbenefitsthroughICTactivitiesandVICs.
Coastal Livelihoods: Challenges and opportunities
Fisheries
" Productionofbannednetsmustbehalted.Duringthe45daysbanperiodfishermenfromotherareasshouldnotbeallowedforfishing.
" ACoastalVillageConservationCouncil(CVCC)mustbepromotedineachvillagetoconservethecoastaleco-system.
" Industriescreatingpollutionincoastalareasshouldbediscouraged.
" Existinglawsrelatedtocoastalconservationandlivelihoodsshouldbestrictlyimplementedinthefield(Shrimpfamily,bannedtypesoffishingetc.).
" Thebanonseacucumberharvestingmustberemoved.
Coastal Agriculture and Allied Activities
" Peopleinstitutionsforcollectivemarketingcanbepromotedatthevillagelevel.Forvalueadditiontotheproducts,necessaryinfrastructureandcoldstorageunitsshouldbepromotedatthevillage,panchayatandblocklevel.
" Traditionalwaterbodiesliketanksandvillagepondsmustberenovatedthroughpeopleorganizationandcontractorsshouldnotbeencouraged.
" Socialauditmustbeconductedatthevillagelevelongovernmentimplementedschemes.
" Peopleinstitutionsmustbeformedatthevillage,Panchayat,andblockleveltoworkwithlinedepartmentsandotherstakeholders.
" Dairyrelatedinfrastructureneedstobeestablishedatthevillagelevel.
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" Districtwiseresourcecentresshouldbepromotedfortrainingandcapacitybuildingandtocreateadatabaseontheavailabilityofqualitybreedsinthemarket.Thesedetailsshouldbemadeavailablewiththerespectiveresourcecentres.
" TheGovernmentshouldprovidesubsidyassistanceforconcentratedfeed,greenfodderdevelopment,andcattlepurchase.ArtificialinseminationservicescanbeintensifiedthroughNGOcollaboration.
Water and Livelihoods
Natural Resource Based Livelihood Development: DVTF’s Experiences of Implementing the UPNRM Programme of NABARD
" Financialinstitutionsarerequiredtoinnovateloanproductstosuittheneedsofdevelopingnaturalresources(landandwater)ofsmallandmarginalfarmersandatanaffordablecost.
" AnexclusivenaturalresourcesdevelopmentfundistobesetupbytheStateand/oragencieslikeNABARDforthemarginalizedfarmingcommunity.
Climate Change Adaptation for Sustainable Agriculture Livelihood
" Treeplantingwouldbetakenupinalargerscaletomitigateglobalwarming.
" Farmersaretobeencouragedtoadoptappropriatefarmingmethodsformakingfarmingaviablelivelihood.
" Rigorousresearcheffortsrequiredtomitigateclimatechangebyall.
Conservation of Water Bodies for Sustainable Livelihoods
" Peopleorganizationsshouldgetrecognizedfortakingtheresponsibilityofconservingallthewaterbodiesincludingirrigationtanks,villagetanksandfarmpondsthroughregularrenovationandmaintenance.
" Governmentorganizationsshouldfacilitatethirdpartysocialauditinallgovernmentimplementedprojectsforitseffectivenessandsuitablesuggestionsproposedhavetobeincorporatedbytheconcernedimplementationagencies.
" Actionresearchprojectsneedtobeundertakentoassesstheimpactof
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conservationprojectsonlivelihoodsenhancement.
" Communityownershipneedstobepromotedandstrengthenedfortheconservationofsurfacewaterbodiestosustaintheagriculturelivelihoodsbypromotingvillagecouncils.
Wastewater Use and Livelihoods
" Thereisaneedfordevelopingtotalsanitationpoliciesatthestateleveltofacilitatecommunity-basedwastewatertreatmenttechnologiestopromoteahealthyenvironmentinruralandurbanareas.
" Asanitationtaskforcewithpeoplerepresentingdistrictadministration,hospitals,schoolsandNGOsneedstobepromotedtomonitorwastewatertreatmentprojects.
" Awarenessontotalsanitationneedstobecreatedinvillagesandurbanslumsandthesubjecthastobeintroducedaspartofthecurriculuminallschools.
Securing Water in Tank Cascades for Agriculture Livelihoods in Gundar Basin, Tamil Nadu
" Inalltankintensivestates,anexclusivetankfedagricultureauthorityhastobepromotedtoaddresstankbasedfoodsecurityissues.
" Theencroachmentactshouldbeenforcedtopreventtheillegaluseofwaterbodiesandlandstoarrestthewaterpollutionanddamagestotheresources.
" Astankfedagricultureisthemajorlivelihoodofmostofthefarmers,thetankfedagriculturemissionneedstobeintroducedinthe12thand13thfiveyearplanstoenhanceagriculturebasedlivelihoods.
" NationalRuralLivelihoodMissionhastoearmarkadequatefundsandcreateanexclusivefundingchanneltoenhanceskillsofyouthfarmersandwomentoimproveagriculturebasedlivelihoodsintankintensivestates.
" InternationaldevelopmentagenciesandnationalresearchinstitutionssuchasICAR
andDSTshouldpromotearesearchfundtoundertakestudiesonevolvingscientifictechniquestoassesstheimpactofclimatechangeontankstorage,croppingpatterns,degradationoftanklands,andhydrologicmodelling.Thecurriculumontankbasedlivelihoodshastobeintroducedinallsocial,agricultureandengineeringstudies.
" Financialinstitutionsshouldcreateaflexiblecreditportfoliofortankfarmerswithaffordableinterestratestoencourageagriculture-basedlivelihoods.NABARDshouldcreateanewfundingportfolioforaddressingthecreditneedsofthefarmerstodeveloptankfedagriculturewithRIDFandWDF
" Thereisaneedforpromotinginsuranceproductstoaddresshighrisksandvulnerabilitiesofthepoorfarmers.
" Governmentpoliciesshouldencouragecorporationstocomevoluntarilytoinvestinthedevelopmentoffreshwaterresourcesundertheircorporatesocialresponsibilitypolicies.CSRfundsshouldbeusedforcreatingawareness,buildingdatabase,infrastructuredevelopmentandpolicyadvocacyinordertoachievesignificantdevelopment.
Inland Fisheries and Livelihoods: Learning from Grassroots
Itwasunanimouslyresolvedtoadoptthenecessarytechnicalandpracticalsolutionstoenhancetheruralfisheriesrelatedlivelihoodsaroundwaterbodies.Theimportanttechniquesamongthemaregivenbelow:
" Thesizeoffishseedsshouldbeintherangeof3to5inches,sothatthegestationperiodwouldnotbemorethanfourmonths.
" Fishseedscanberearedinfarmpondstoproducehealthyfingerlingsofrequiredsize.
" Thelivelihoodoflandlesshouseholdsthroughfishrearinginwaterresourceslikeirrigationtanksandvillagepondstobefocused.
" Ornamentalfishrearinginfarmpondswouldbetakenup.Moreover,initiativeswouldbetakenuptoadvocatetotheTamilNadu
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Governmentforapolicyoninlandfisheriesandtoestablishafisheriesresourcecentreinrainfedareastoprovidetechnicalsupport.ThesimilarstepswouldbefollowedtoprovidelegalfisheryrightstothewaterusersassociationsformedonitsownorbyanyagenciesincludingNGOs.
IWMI-TATA Water Policy Research Program: Technologies Tested and Promoted in Project Areas
" Capacity-buildingonusingthetechnologiestograduatethelivelihoodsstatusofthefarmingfamiliesfromoneleveltoanotherisrequired.
" Traditionalwaterharvestingstructuresshouldbeconservedtoimprovethewateravailability.
" Itwasdeclaredthatwhereverthefarmersareusinggroundwater,theyshouldadoptmicroirrigationmethod.
Microfinance and Livelihoods
People Living with HIV and Livelihood
" PeopleaffectedbyHIV/AIDShavetobeorganizedasspecialself-helpgroupsandtheirnetworkshavetobemain-streamedtoavailthebenefitsandtheirentitlementswithdignity.
" TheGovernmentatstateandcentrallevelshastoenactsuitablelawsforpreventingdiscriminationagainstPLHIVs.
National Workshop on Safeguarding the Livelihoods of the Poor through Health Insurance under UHIS
" AstheoutreachofhealthinsuranceproductsunderUHISisverylow,thereisaneedforimprovingtheproductfeaturesandsimplifyingthedocumentationandclaimproceduresattheinsurancecompanylevel.
Convergence of Microfinance and Tribal Livelihoods
" Astheissuesintribalareasarediverse,thereisaneedforpromotingreplicableandcontext-specificmicrofinancemodelstofacilitatethetribalpeopletoaccesslivelihoodsfinance.
" Thereneedstobeallocationofspecialfundstoexperimentandpromotealternativesustainablelivelihoodsmodelsinthetribalareas.
" Thenativetribalcultureandpracticesshouldbepreservedwhileevolvinganintegratedtribaldevelopmentmodel.
" Richnaturalresourcesavailableintribalareasprovidemoreopportunitiesforlivelihoods.Careshouldbetakenthatthenativetribesarebenefitedbytheseresources.Regulationsshouldbelaidtopreventexploitationbyprivateorganizationsandcorporateinthetribalareas.
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" StrongcollaborationamongtheGovernment,NGOs,peopleorganizationsandbanksistobepromotedinalltribalareaswiththemissionon“achievingsustainablelivelihoods”.
National Workshop on Safeguarding Livelihoods for the Poor through Life Insurance under JBY
JanshreeBimaYojana(JBY)istheinsuranceprogrammeofferedbytheGovernmentofIndiaforthepoorinIndia.
" AstheclaimratioofJBYis50to60percentonly,thenecessaryinitiativeshavetobetakenuptoharnessthescopeforincreasingthebenefitsto₨50,000fornaturaldeathand₨100,000foraccidentaldeathfromthepresentbenefitof₨30,000and₨75,000respectively.
" Consideringthepresentlifeexpectancyatbirth,theeligibleagecouldbefixedupto65years.
" InthecaseofJBYforprimitivetribes,stakeholdersshouldtakeinitiativestomakethemawareandfacilitateaccessingofthebenefitsofthescheme.
" Toavailthebenefitofeducationalscholarshipbythe15percentofinsuredmembers,90percentoftheeligiblemembersintherespectiveself-helpgroupfederationsaretobecoveredunderJBY.
Micro-justice and Livelihood
" Legalissuesaroundlicensingforvendors,protectingthemfrompoliceharassment,usuryneedtobeaddressedthroughpeopleorganisations
" Tofacilitatetimelyactionagainstaffectedwomenmembersthroughmicrojustice,steeringcommitteehastobeformedincollaborationwiththepolicedepartment,socialwelfareandjudicialsystem.
" Amicrojusticecommitteehastobepromotedatthevillage,panchayatandblockleveltoaddressfamily,villageandsocietallivelihoodissues.
Other Livelihoods
Micro-planning and Livelihoods at Local Self Government Institutions
" Microplanninghastobemademandatoryaspartoftheconstitutionprovisionandpriorityhastobegivenforlivelihood-basedplanning,whichwouldincludepeopleinstitutionsatthepanchayatlevel.TheDistrictplanningcommitteeshouldbethenodalagencytofacilitatetheprocess.
" Capacity-buildingisrequiredformain-streamingthemicroplanningprocessforlocalself-governmentinstitutionsanddistrictlevelauthoritiestomakeitasapeopleplannedcampaignprogrammesimilartothatofKerala’smodel.
" Theimplementationofvariousgovernmentschemesandpeopleinitiativesshouldbebasedonthemicroplanningoutcome
" Rigorousstudiesandpilotshavetobetakenuponmicroplanningforlivelihoodsenhancement
Advancing Conservation, Cultivation, and Consumption of Small Millets for Ensuring Food Security
" Thereislimitedresearchsofaronsmallmilletsinalmostalltheagriculturaluniversities.Consideringthenutritivevalueandotheradvantagesofcultivatingsmallmillets,theuniversitiesneedtogiveattentiononmilletresearch.
" Advancingconservation,cultivationandconsumptionacrossthecountrycanbeanimportantpartofthesolutionsforenhancingthedietarydiversityandforaddressingthecurrentnutritionalissuesplaguingthecountry.Allthestakeholdersneedtoconcentrateonadvancingthosethreeaspectssmallmillets.
" Participatoryplantbreedingneedstobeconcentratedfortheconservationofsmallmilletsanditsassociatedcrops.Agriculturaluniversitiesneedtoappreciatetheparticipatoryplantbreeding.
Annual Report 2012124
" Attentionmustbethereontheprocessingofmillets,andvalueaddedmilletproductsneedtobepromotedinthemarkettoincreasetheconsumptionofmillets.
" Theavailablefarmers’bestpracticesandindigenousagriculturalimplementsneedtobedocumentedandfacilitatedthefarmerstofollowtoreducethecostofmilletcultivation.
" PolicychangetopromoteAlternatePDSisneededtosupplythemilletstothecommunityatasubsidizedpricesothatthelocalcommunitywouldhavemilletsintheirfoodhabit.
Sustainable Livelihoods: An Experience of SKDRDP
" Areaspecificdevelopmentmodelswithsustainablelivelihoodperspectivesaretobeidentifiedandfostered.
" TheimplementingNGOsneedtohaveenoughcapacityandclarityoflong-termlivelihoodinterventions.
" Sustainablefinancewithsuitableproductsshouldbeensuredbybanksandthegovernment.
" Inimplementinglarge-farm-basedinterventions,theproducercompaniesframeworkneedstobestrengthened.
Tourism-Based Livelihoods
" Theroleoflocalgovernance,particularlyPanchayat-levelinvolvement,isvitaltopromoteruraltourism.
" Therewerefiveemergingopportunitiesidentifiedintourismbasedlivelihoods:traditionalfoodindustries;handicraftpromotiontoensurelivelihoodstoartisans;greenbusiness(paperbagproductionandwastemanagement);multi-yearmicroplanning(MYMP)onlivelihoodspromotionatthePanchayatlevel;andhardwareworkandinfrastructuredevelopment.
Greening Urban Development and Livelihoods
" CreationofawarenessontheimportanceofkeepingMaduraiGreenamongthecitypublic
andpromotionoflivelihoodopportunitiesbasedonitisimportant.
" TheMaduraiCorporationcancomeoutwitharesolutionof“plasticfreecity”likeKanyakumaridistrict.
" ThepublicinMaduraihavetobeinvolvedinthepromotionandmaintenanceofparksandgardensbyprovidingemploymentforthedeservingfamiliesandself-helpgroups.
" Solidwastemanagement(SWM)shouldbemanagedbyCBOsandNGOsbyprovidingemploymentopportunitiestothecitypublicwhichwouldresultinthegenerationofincome.
Youth and Livelihoods
" Agriculturebasedlivelihoodsneedstobegivendueattentionthroughskillbuildingonagriculturetechnologiesamongtheyouthfarmers.Collectiveproduction/marketingshouldbedoneforbetterwellbeingoftheyouthfamilies.
" Blocklevelcounsellingcentresforemploymentopportunitiesofyouthshouldbeestablished
" Skillbuildingonself-employmentneedstobefocusedforyouthlivelihooddevelopment
" YouthshouldbeconnectedtotheoutsideworldthroughinformationandcommunicationstechnologytotakeupICTbasedlivelihood.
" Thegovernmentschemesandprogrammesshouldbemadeavailabletotheyouthatthevillagelevel.
" Educationshouldreachruralyouthandcareercounsellingshouldbeintegratedinalleducationaldesignstocreatemoreemploymentchoices.
" Thegovernmentshouldensureequalopportunitiesinavailingfinancialsupportfromvariousfinancialinstitutions.
" Youthshouldbeencouragedtobeinvolvedinvariousyouthforumstounleashtheirpotentialforaholisticlivelihoodsdevelopmentinthesociety.
Financial Statements
Annual Report 2012126
‘TRIDIPA’GroundFloor,46/2,ICross,SomeshwarapuraExtension,(1ACross,Cambridgelayout),
Ulsoor,BANGALORE-560008.Tel.:91-80-25364740/25368228Fax:91-80-25367711
Email:[email protected]
FORM NO. 10B
Auditreportundersection12A(b)oftheIncomeTaxAct,1961inthecaseofcharitableorreligioustrustsorinstitutions.
WehaveexaminedtheconsolidatedBalanceSheetofDHAN (Development of Humane Action) Foundation,18,PillayarKoilStreet,S.S.Colony,Madurai–625010,Tamilnadu,India(PermanentAccountNumber:AAA TD 2591 B)asat31March2012andtheconsolidatedIncomeandExpenditureAccountfortheyearendedonthatdatewhichareinagreementwiththebooksofaccountmaintainedbythesaidTrust.
ThisfinancialstatementistheresponsibilityoftheTrust’smanagement.Ourresponsibilityistoexpressanopiniononthefinancialstatementbasedonouraudit.
WeconductedourauditinaccordancewithauditingstandardsgenerallyacceptedinIndia.Thosestandardsrequirethatweplanandperformtheaudittoobtainreasonableassuranceaboutwhetherthefinancialstatementsarefreeofmaterialmisstatement.Anauditincludesexamining,onatestbasis,evidencesupportingtheamountsanddisclosuresinthefinancialstatements.Anauditalsoincludesassessingtheaccountingprinciplesusedandsignificantestimatesmadebymanagement,aswellasevaluatingtheoverallfinancialstatementpresentation.Webelievethatourauditprovidesareasonablebasisforouropinion.
Wehaveobtainedalltheinformationandexplanationswhichtothebestofourknowledgeandbeliefwerenecessaryforthepurposesoftheauditsubjecttononconfirmationofbalancesofcertainloansandadvances,bankbalances,donorbalancesandcurrentliabilities.Inouropinion,properbooksofaccounthavebeenkeptbytheheadofficeandbranchesoftheTrustsofarasappearsfromourexaminationofthebooks.
Inouropinionandtothebestofourinformationandaccordingtotheinformationgiventous,thesaidaccountsgiveatrueandfairview:
i) inthecaseoftheconsolidatedBalanceSheetofthestateofaffairsoftheabovenamedtrustasat31March2012and
ii) inthecaseoftheconsolidatedincomeandexpenditureaccountoftheexcessofexpenditureoveritsincomeofitsaccountingyearendingon31March2012.
Theprescribedparticularsareannexedhereto. forSUNANDA&SHESHADRI CharteredAccountants
FirmRegistrationNumber:004191S
Sd/-Place:Madurai K.SHESHADRIDate:06August2012 Partner MembershipNumber:20956.
Financial Statements
Annual Report 2012 127
DHAN (Development of Humane Action) Foundation
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET
(in Rupees)
Schedule March 31, 2012 March 31, 2011
A S S E T S
FIXEDASSETS
Writtenoffaspercontra 1 100,805,585 109,425,544
LandandBuildingfundedfromDHANCorpus 1 32,144,517 15,052,593
INVESTMENTS 2 103,155,300 112,368,009
CURRENTASSETS,LOANSANDADVANCES
BankBalances 3 37,084,647 41,956,605
LoansandAdvances 4 9,684,484 16,384,047
SPECIFIEDFUNDS 6 30,220,947 21,119,707
Total 313,095,480 316,306,505
L I A B I L I T I E S
CORPUSANDCAPITALFUND 5 150,266,267 135,986,759
SPECIFIEDFUNDS 6 60,046,060 69,664,549
CURRENTLIABILITIES 7 1,977,568 1,229,653
FIXEDASSETSWRITTENOFFASPERCONTRA 1 100,805,585 109,425,544
Total 313,095,480 316,306,505
NotesonAccounts 11
Schedules1to7&11formanintegralpartoftheBalanceSheet
AsperourReportofevendate Sd/- Sd/- ForSunanda&Sheshadri Chairman Treasurer Chartered Accountants
FirmRegistrationNumber:004191S
Sd/- Sd/- ExecutiveDirector K. SHESHADRIMadurai Partner June23,2012 MembershipNumber:20956.
Annual Report 2012128
DHAN (Development of Humane Action) Foundation
CONSOLIDATED INCOME AND EXPENDITURE ACCOUNT(in Rupees)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED Schedule March 31, 2012 March 31, 2011
I N C O M E : Grantsreceived 8 181,458,839 183,858,691OtherReceipts 9 14,377,181 14,922,762
Total 195,836,020 198,781,453
E X P E N D I T U R E:
Community Banking ProgrammeProgrammeImplementation 47,158,568 46,900,892CapitalExpenditure 1 903,013 6,650,856
Tank fed Agriculture ProgrammeProgrammeImplementation 51,981,627 38,319,426CapitalExpenditure 1 227,365 1,380,227
Rainfed Agriculture ProgrammeProgrammeImplementation 18,401,356 2,754,163CapitalExpenditure 1 573,869 -
Coastal Agriculture and Livelihood programmeProgrammeImplementation 27,628,217 31,705,800CapitalExpenditure 1 497,350 16,900
New Themes and Other ProgrammesProgrammeImplementation 40,485,572 42,791,230CapitalExpenditure 1 1,404,587 6,452,426
Central Support SystemProgrammeImplementation 12,983,281 12,791,671CapitalExpenditure 1 51,445 944,962
Excess of (Expenditure over Income)/Income over Expenditure (6,460,230) 8,072,900
Total 195,836,020 198,781,453
AppropriationofExcessof(ExpenditureoverIncome)/ 10 (6,460,230) 8,072,900IncomeoverExpenditure
NotesonAccounts 11
Schedules1&8to11formanintegralpartoftheIncomeandExpenditureaccount
AsperourReportofevendate Sd/- Sd/- ForSunanda&Sheshadri Chairman Treasurer Chartered Accountants
FirmRegistrationNumber:004191S
Sd/- Sd/- ExecutiveDirector K. SHESHADRIMadurai Partner June23,2012 MembershipNumber:20956.
Annual Report 2012 129
Com
mu
nit
y Ban
kin
g Pro
gram
me
FreeholdLand
2,016,436
-
-
2,016,436
-
-
-
2,016,436
2,016,436
Land&Building
11,469,614
420,150
-
11,889,764
2,566,376
10
932,339
3,498,715
8,391,049
8,903,238
Furniture andFixtures
1,056,309
29,559
-
1,085,868
578,202
10
50,767
628,969
456,899
478,107
OfficeEq
uipm
ents
393,941
21,590
-
415,531
266,231
15
22,395
288,626
126,905
127,710
ProfessionalEqu
ipments
4,872,280
193,300
-
5,065,580
4,513,999
60
330,949
4,844,948
220,632
358,281
ElectricalFittings
360,137
12,330
-
372,467
248,134
10
12,434
260,568
111,899
112,003
Vehicles
5,486,225
-
-
5,486,225
3,503,354
15
297,431
3,800,785
1,685,440
1,982,871
Staff
Vehicles
514,163
226,084
267,269
472,978
-
-
-
-
472,978
514,163
Plant &M
achinery
1,304,686
-
-
1,304,686
618,332
15
102,953
721,285
583,401
686,354
T ota
l
I
27,4
73,7
91
903
,013
2
67,2
69
28,
109,
535
1
2,29
4,62
8
1
,749
,268
1
4,04
3,89
6
14,
065,
639
1
5,17
9,16
3
Tank F
ed A
gric
ult
ure
Pro
gram
me
FreeholdLand
176,689
-
-
176,689
-
-
-
176,689
176,689
FurnitureandFixtures
685,935
25,100
-
711,035
331,125
10
37,991
369,116
341,919
354,810
OfficeEq
uipm
ents
328,716
21,100
-
349,816
208,361
15
21,219
229,580
120,236
120,355
ProfessionalEqu
ipments
4,387,671
83,345
-
4,471,016
3,737,586
60
440,058
4,177,644
293,372
650,085
ElectricalFittings
194,381
-
-
194,381
118,507
10
7,588
126,095
68,286
75,874
Staff
Vehicles
124,207
97,820
74,082
147,945
-
-
-
-
147,945
124,207
Vehicles
1,773,575
-
-
1,773,575
1,110,367
99,481
1,209,848
563,727
663,208
Plant&M
achinery
1,323,300
-
-
1,323,300
1,165,387
15
23,687
1,189,074
134,226
157,913
Tota
l
II
8,
994,
474
2
27,3
65
74,
082
9
,147
,757
6
,671
,333
630
,024
7
,301
,357
1
,846
,400
2
,323
,141
Rai
nfe
d A
gric
ult
ure
Pro
gram
me
FurnitureandFixtures
38,175
-
38,175
10
3,818
3,818
34,357
-
OfficeEq
uipm
ents
22,035
-
22,035
15
3,305
3,305
18,730
-
ProfessionalEqu
ipments
512,959
-
512,959
60
307,775
307,775
205,184
-
ElectricalFittings
700
-
700
10
70
70
630
-
T ota
l I
II
-
573
,869
-
573
,869
-
3
14,9
68
314
,968
2
58,9
01
-
Coa
stal
Agr
icult
ure
an
d Li
velih
ood
pro
gram
me
FreeholdLand
6,977,521
-
-
6,977,521
-
-
-
-
6,977,521
6,977,521
Land&Building
22,007,184
-
-
22,007,184
7,313,416
10
1,469,377
8,782,793
13,224,391
14,693,768
Furniture andFixtures
865,165
325,250
-
1,190,415
394,479
10
79,594
474,073
716,342
470,686
Office Eq
uipm
ents
837,169
-
-
837,169
451,689
15
57,822
509,511
327,658
385,480
ProfessionalEqu
ipments
6,172,915
170,600
-
6,343,515
5,949,063
60
236,671
6,185,734
157,781
223,852
ElectricalFittings
388,364
1,500
-
389,864
186,941
10
20,292
207,233
182,631
201,423
Part
icul
ars
As
on
31.0
3.20
12 D
elet
ion
(Tra
nsfe
r)
DH
AN
(Dev
elop
men
t of H
uman
e A
ctio
n) F
ound
atio
n
SCH
EDU
LES
TO C
ON
SOLI
DAT
ED B
ALA
NC
E SH
EET
AS
AT M
AR
CH
31,
201
2 (i
n R
upee
s)
Sched
ule
1 :
Fixe
d A
sset
s A
s on
01
.04.
2011
Add
itio
n
( Tra
nsfe
r)
As
on
31.0
3.20
12 f
or t
he
ye
ar A
s on
01
.04.
2011
R
ate
As
on
1.03
.201
1 A
s on
31
.03.
2012
G R
O S
S
B L
O C
K
A T
C
O S
T
D E
P R
E C
I A
T I
ON
N E
T B
L O
CK
Annual Report 2012130
PlantandMachinery
11,291,517
-
-
11,291,517
4,357,122
15
1,040,159
5,397,281
5,894,236
6,934,395
Vehicles
5,703,756
-
-
5,703,756
3,640,486
15
309,491
3,949,977
1,753,779
2,063,270
Tota
l
IV
54,
243,
591
4
97,3
50
-
5
4,74
0,94
1
22,
293,
196
3,2
13,4
06
25,
506,
602
2
9,23
4,33
9
31,
950,
395
New
Th
emes
an
d O
ther
Pro
gram
mes
FreeholdLand
2,470,674
-
-
2,470,674
-
-
-
2,470,674
2,470,674
Building
51,131,743
321,057
-
51,452,800
5,947,957
10
4,550,484
10,498,441
40,954,359
45,183,786
BuildingworkinProgress
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
FurnitureandFixtures
1,808,913
-
-
1,808,913
826,913
10
98,200
925,113
883,800
982,000
OfficeEq
uipm
ents
764,333
-
-
764,333
450,001
15
47,150
497,151
267,182
314,332
ProfessionalEqu
ipments
7,995,973
221,780
-
8,217,753
7,530,115
60
412,583
7,942,698
275,055
465,858
ElectricalFittings
532,543
-
-
532,543
310,520
10
22,202
332,722
199,821
222,023
Vehicles
2,121,431
-
-
2,121,431
1,215,073
15
135,954
1,351,027
770,404
906,358
Staff
Vehicles
73,390
-
26,334
47,056
-
-
-
47,056
73,390
Plant&M
achinery
2,270,971
861,750
-
3,132,721
578,346
15
383,156
961,502
2,171,219
1,692,625
Tota
l
V
69,
169,
971
1
,404
,587
2
6,33
4
70,
548,
224
1
6,85
8,92
5
5
,649
,729
2
2,50
8,65
4
48,
039,
570
5
2,31
1,04
6
Cen
tral
Supp
ort
Syst
em*
FreeholdLand
5,983,156
-
-
5,983,156
-
-
-
-
5,983,156
5,983,156
FurnitureandFixtures
218,347
-
-
218,347
123,055
10
9,529
132,584
85,763
95,292
OfficeEq
uipm
ents
91,630
-
-
91,630
73,319
15
2,747
76,066
15,564
18,311
ProfessionalEqu
ipments
618,526
-
-
618,526
603,669
60
8,914
612,583
5,943
14,857
ElectricalFittings
84,924
-
-
84,924
63,780
10
2,115
65,895
19,029
21,144
Vehicles
1,764,313
-
-
1,764,313
469,741
15
194,186
663,927
1,100,386
1,294,572
Staff
Vehicles
234,467
51,445
135,017
150,895
-
-
-
150,895
234,467
Tota
l
VI
8
,995
,363
5
1,44
5
135
,017
8
,911
,791
1
,333
,564
217
,491
1
,551
,055
7
,360
,736
7
,661
,799
T ota
l (
I+II
+III
+IV
+V+V
I)
1
68,8
77,1
90
3,6
57,6
29
502
,702
1
72,0
32,1
17
59,
451,
646
11,
774,
886
7
1,22
6,53
2
100
,805
,585
1
09,4
25,5
44
Off
ice
Buildi
ng
Fun
ded
from
Ow
n C
orpu
sFreeholdland
2,094,344
-
-
2,094,344
-
-
-
2,094,344
2,094,344
BuildingworkinProgress
12,958,249
17,091,924
-
30,050,173
-
-
-
30,050,173
12,958,249
Tota
l
15,
052,
593
1
7,09
1,92
4
-
3
2,14
4,51
7
-
-
-
-
32,
144,
517
1
5,05
2,59
3
Part
icul
ars
As
on
31.0
3.20
12
Del
etio
n (T
rans
fer)
A
s on
01
.04.
2011
A
ddit
ion
( T
rans
fer)
A
s on
31
.03.
2012
f
or t
he
ye
ar
As
on
01.0
4.20
11
A
s on
31
.03.
2011
As
on
31.0
3.20
12
G R
O S
S
B L
O C
K
A T
C
O S
T
D E
P R
E C
I A
T I
ON
N E
T B
L O
CK
DH
AN
(Dev
elop
men
t of H
uman
e A
ctio
n) F
ound
atio
n
SCH
EDU
LES
TO C
ON
SOLI
DAT
ED B
ALA
NC
E SH
EET
AS
AT M
AR
CH
31,
201
2 (i
n R
upee
s)
Sched
ule
1 :
Fixe
d A
sset
s (C
ontd
..)
Madurai
Sd/-
Sd/-
Sd/-
June23,2012
Chairman
ExecutiveDirector
Treasurer
Rat
e
Annual Report 2012 131
DHAN (Development of Humane Action) Foundation
SCHEDULES TO CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET (in Rupees)
March 31, 2012 March 31, 2011
Schedule 2 : Investments FordFoundationCorpusDepositswith:HousingDevelopmentFinancialCorporation 9,700,000 17,200,000FixedDepositswithREPCOBank 19,312,583 17,500,000FixedDepositswithCityUnionBank 12,500,000 5,000,000FixedDepositswithPandiyanGramaBank 7,039,345 6,657,422FixedDepositswithCanaraBank 872,483 49,424,411 821,225
SirDorabjiTataTrustCorpusFundDeposits: Govt.ofIndiaRBIbonds 8,636,000 8,636,000Postoffice-KisanVikasPatraScheme 7,500,000 7,500,000FixedDepositwithREPCOBank 17,917,642 17,060,775FixedDepositwithPandianGrammaBank 3,957,423 38,011,065 426,917
DHANown/Tata-DhanAcadmey/OtherCorpusFundDeposits:FixedDepositswithCityUnionBank 1,050,617 3,545,000FixedDepositswithPandiyanGramaBank 2,805,673 9,542,495FixedDepositswithREPCOBank 401,155 1,824,522FixedDepositswithCanaraBank - 4,257,445 2,377,157
CommunityRiskReserve&OtherFundswith:FixedDepositswithPandiyanGramaBank 8,229,091 5,560,261FixedDepositswithCanaraBank 3,233,288 3,000,000FixedDepositswithHDFC - 11,462,379 5,716,235
Total 103,155,300 112,368,009
Schedule 3 : Bank BalancesInSavingsaccounts 18,652,850 22,664,279InFixedDeposits 18,431,797 19,292,326
Total 37,084,647 41,956,605
Schedule 4 : Loans and AdvancesAdvancesRecoverable: ProjectAdvancestostaff 339,082 180,229Deposits 1,504,844 1,933,034OtherAdvancesRecoverable 7,840,558 14,270,784
Total 9,684,484 16,384,047
Madurai Sd/- Sd/- Sd/-June23,2012 Chairman ExecutiveDirector Treasurer
Annual Report 2012132
Sched
ule
5 :
Cor
pus
and
Cap
ital
Fund
Corpu
sFund
FordFoundation
45,608,871
-
3,595,318
(2,821,888)
-46,382,301
SirDorabjiTataTrust
33,622,699
-
2,259,090
(1,577,060)
-34,304,729
DHANFoundationOwn
20,783,819
1,500,000
10,980,601
(1,652,417)
(17,091,924)
14,520,079
TataDHANAcademy
2,000,000
-
151,726
(151,726)
-
2,000,000
DHANFoundationOwnBuildingCorpu
s15,052,593
-
-
-
17,091,924
32,144,517
Tota
l 1
17,0
67,9
82
1,5
00,0
00
16,
986,
735
(
6,20
3,09
1)
-
129
,351
,626
CapitalFun
d18,918,777
-
1,995,864
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5,400,331
3,167,720
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8,568,051
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-
4,147,385
-
14,769,342
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412,419
-
-
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412,419
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1,942,000
(269,809)
2,750,411
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Annual Report 2012 133
SCHEDULES TO CONSOLIDATED INCOME AND EXPENDITURE ACCOUNT(in Rupees)
March 31, 2012 March 31, 2011
Schedule 8 : Grants Received From Foreign Agencies
OxfamNovib-TheNetherlands 25,031,717 11,088,190
RabobankFoundation,TheNetherlands 21,672,642 16,799,789
HIVOS-TheNetherlands 21,103,800 29,335,324
PopulationServiceInternational-USA 238,020 1,234,231
InternationalLabourOffice-Switzerland 2,693,840 6,586,260
KarunaiIllamTrust,Newzealand 2,173,235 2,123,433
ConsortiumofDEWATSdisseminationSociety 105,600 319,500
InternationalWaterManagementInstitute 824,230 880,590
HOPEinternational 798,629 173,420
DonationsforTankrenovationworks 254,400 619,437
NewZealandHighCommission,NewDelhi 980,151 441,143
OxfamIndia 2,500,000 44,528,479
InternationalDevelopmentResearchCentre(IDRC) 5,100,583 12,033,784
Caritas,Switzerland 3,718,700 5,500,446
EkalVidyalayaFoundationofIndia 823,000 2,000,000
GreenFoundation 381,762 455,255
FordFoundation 366,420 -
MicropensionFoundation 4,805,750 -
GIZ,NewDelhi 1,025,500 -
Others 49,500 1,090,862
From Indian Agencies
HindustanUnileverLimited 12,000,000 15,000,000
SirDorabjiTataTrust 5,000,000 6,000,000
NationalBankforAgricultureandRuralDevelopment 8,445,379 3,687,815
DHAN (Development of Humane Action) Foundation
SCHEDULES TO CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET
(in Rupees)
March 31, 2012 March 31, 2011
Schedule 7 : Current Liabilities
Payablesetc 1,977,568 1,229,653
Total 1,977,568 1,229,653
Annual Report 2012134
DHAN (Development of Humane Action) Foundation
SCHEDULES TO CONSOLIDATED INCOME AND EXPENDITURE ACCOUNT(in Rupees)
March 31, 2012 March 31, 2011
TamilnaduPudhuVaazhvuProject-GoTN 4,202,607 2,595,685
NationalAgriculturalInnovationProject(NAIP),Govt.ofIndia 1,856,431 2,421,119
ITCRuralDevelopmentTrust 2,429,000 2,171,676
StatePlanningCommission-GoTN 200,000 807,945
JalaSamvardhaneYojanaSangha-GoK 3,467,101 1,197,854
DistrictRuralDevelopmentAgency-TamilNadu 831,882 561,829
DWMA/APCBTMP,Govt.ofAP 2,492,730 956,505
NationalInstituteofRuralDevelopment 3,027,810 862,327
MAVIM,GovtofMaharashtra 13,778,848 330,000
FIMSUL 762,350 190,000
CAIMProject,Govt.ofMaharashtra 900,000 125,000
BharatPetroleumCorporationLimited 11,609,233 586,000
NavajbaiRatanTataTrust 1,446,500 -
CoirBoard-Govt.ofIndia 169,341 -
MunicipalAdministration 508,000 -
UNDPNewDelhi 201,225 -
Award-JindalFoundation 10,000,000 -
GrantsforMaduraiSymposium 2,147,755 -
Others 1,335,168 11,154,793
Total 181,458,839 183,858,691
Schedule 9 : Other Receipts InterestfromInvestmentofCorpusandotherfunds 8,079,240 9,962,546
OtherInterestfromBanks 1,763,639 2,433,096
OtherIncome 1,597,900 2,507,620
Donations 2,936,402 19,500
Total 14,377,181 14,922,762
Madurai Sd/- Sd/- Sd/-June23,2012 Chairman ExecutiveDirector Treasurer
Annual Report 2012 135
DHAN (Development of Humane Action) Foundation
SCHEDULES TO CONSOLIDATED INCOME AND EXPENDITURE ACCOUNT(in Rupees)
March 31, 2012 March 31, 2011
Schedule 10: Appropriation of Excess of (Expenditure over income) / Income over Expenditure
Excessof(ExpenditureoverIncome)/Incomeoverexpenditure (6,460,230) 8,072,900
Transfer :
From Investment income
FordFoundationCorpusFund 3,595,318 2,442,961
SirDorabjiTataTrustcorpusFund 2,259,090 2,417,278
DHANFoundationownCorpusFund 980,601 4,094,681
TataDhanAcademyCorpusFund 151,726 120,473
RevolvingFund - 593,787
CommunityRiskReserveFund 974,519 293,366
Community Risk Reserve Fund from Grant Income 3,172,866 2,500,000
Vehicle Fund 1,942,000 876,732
DHAN Corpus from Award Income 10,000,000 1,000,000
Of Expenses to Corpus funds
DHANFoundationOwn (1,652,417) -
SirDorabjiTataTrust (1,577,060) (1,505,075)
FordFoundation (2,821,888) (2,850,572)
VehicleFund (269,809) (894,812)
TataDhanAcademyCorpusfund (151,726) (120,473)
Of Surplus / (Deficit)
CapitalFund-NetSurplus 1,995,864 1,989,055
OtherDonors’-Net(Deficit) (25,059,314) (2,884,501)
Total (6,460,230) 8,072,900
Madurai Sd/- Sd/- Sd/-July23,2012 Chairman ExecutiveDirector Treasurer
Annual Report 2012136
DHAN (Development of Humane Action) Foundation
Schedules to Balance Sheet & Income and Expenditure account - Consolidated - for the year ended March 31, 2012
Schedule 11 : Notes on accounts
1. TheguidingprinciplesthatarefundamentaltotheTrustare:
1.1 Highqualityhumanresourceswillbeengagedingrassrootswork.Thefocusoftheworkwillbeonenablingratherthandeliveringthroughdirectaction.
1.2 Valuecollaborationwithmainstreaminstitutionsandgovernmenttodemonstratenewandeffectivewaysofdevelopmentinterventionandtobuildviablelinkagesbetweenpeopleandmainstream.
1.3 Promotingpeople’sorganisationsatvariouslevels,withfocusononeparticularthemeforsustainability.
1.4 Thestrategyforgrowthistowardsenrichingthethemesandretainsubsectoralfocus.
2. Inpursuanceofitsobjectsandbasedontheguidingprinciplessetoutinpara1abovetheTrust:
2.1 Undertakesprojectsandfacilitatesgovernmentandprivatelocalinstitutionsponsoredprojectsforpromotion,renovationandmaintenanceofirrigationsystems,andofnaturalresources,bylandtreatment,watershedmanagement,afforestation,wastelanddevelopmentandmanagementandalsohousing/housingfinancefortheneedy.
2.2 Promoteswomen’smutualcreditandsavingsgroups,associationsofsuchgroupsandfederationsofsuchassociationstoenhancethesavingsandborrowingpowerofthepoortopromoteincomegenerationactivitiesfortheirlivelihood.
2.3 Workswiththepoorthroughlocallyactivegroups,informalandotherwise,intheaccomplishmentofitsobjectives.
2.4 Providestechnicalandmanagementassistancetosimilarvoluntaryagencies,institutions,governmentdepartmentsandfundingagenciesinvolvedindevelopmentalworkinIndia.Thereimbursementofcost/servicesareaccountedundertheheadTechnoManagerialservicereceipts&otherreceipts.
3. InthecourseofimplementingthedevelopmentprojectstheTrustfacilitatesthemobilisationofsubstantialresourcesfromvariousruraldevelopmentschemesofthegovernmentandbanksandthroughparticipants’owncontribution,whicharedirectlychanneledtotheparticipants.ThesehavenomonetaryimpactontheaccountsoftheTrust.ThisisinkeepingwiththeTrust’spolicyofprogressivelystrengtheningthecapabilityoftheweakersectionstodealeffectivelywithdevelopmentagenciesandtomanagedevelopmentactivitiesthemselves.Theadministrativeoverheadsincurredonaccountofthetechnical/managerialsupportextendedarechargedasexpenditureoftheTrust.
4. Inthecaseofinformalsavingsandcreditgroupsandotherincomegenerationactivitiesflowingtherefrom,theTrustprovidesinteraliarevolvingfundgrants&interestfreeworkingcapitalloans,asperthemandateofthedonorstothebeneficiariesandthesameareseparatelyaccountedforthroughtheBalanceSheet,heldinTrustandadministered.Allothergrants(exceptcorpusgrants),includingcapitalgrants,aretakenasrevenuereceiptsoftheTrustintheyearofreceipt.
5. TheTrustfollowscashbasisofaccounting.
6. FixedassetsarewrittenoffintheyearofacquisitionasexpenditureintheincomeandexpenditureaccountsubjecttoNote7below..
Annual Report 2012 137
Howevertopresentamorerealisticpictureofthevalueofassetsappearinginthebalancesheet,depreciationattheratesprovidedintheIncomeTaxAct,1961isbeingreducedfromthecostofthefixedassetsonthewrittendownvaluemethod.Writtendownvalueofassetssoarrivedatisshownascontraonboththeassets&liabilitiessideoftheBalancesheet.
Wherelandandbuildingsarepurchasedforaconsolidatedconsiderationwithoutbreak-up,depreciationhasbeenprovidedonsuchconsolidatedamount.
Nodepreciationhashoweverbeenprovidedonstaffvehiclesastheyaredeletedwhentransferredtotheemployeesatcostontheirrepaymentoftheloantakentoacquirethevehicle.
Professionalequipmentincludescomputers,projectors,camerasetc.,andhavebeendepreciatedattherateapplicabletocomputers.
7. OfficebuildingfundedtotheextentofRs.321,44,517/-(includingopeningbalanceofRs.1,50,52,593/-)fromowncorpushasbeenretainedasaseparateiteminSchedule1toensurethedisclosureofthecorpusandthecorrespondingutilizationagainstit.
8. FixeddepositsofRs.1,57,990(PreviousyearRs1,71,056)areunderlienwithBanksas100%marginforthebankguaranteesissuedbytheminfavourofCAPARTandGovernmentofIndia.
9. Previousyear’sfigureshavebeenregrouped/reclassifiedwherevernecessary.
Madurai Sd/- Sd/- Sd/-July23,2012 Chairman ExecutiveDirector Treasurer
Annual Report 2012138
DHAN Foundation bags Jindal Prize 2011
DHANFoundationbagsJindalPrize2011foritscontributionsinruraldevelopmentandpovertyalleviation.TheprizecarriesacashcontributionofRs.1croretofurtheritsinitiatives.TheJindalPrizehasbeeninstitutedbyDr.SitaramJindaltoaccoladeexceptionalserviceofcurrentsignificancerenderedbyindividualsororganisationsforthewelfareofIndiancitizensinthecountry.ItisexpectedthattherecognitiongarneredbytheJindalPrizeawardeeswillcatalysetheireffortstowardssocialupliftment.
SitaramJindalFoundationhashonoured27OutstandingInstitutionsandindividualsincludingDHANFoundation.FiveprizescarryingRs.1croreeachhavebeengiventoDHANFoundationforRuralDevelopmentandPovertyAlleviation,RishiValleyEducationCentre,Chittoor(AP)forEducation-withmoralupliftment,ShriDharmasthalaVeerendraHeggadeforHealth-includingdruglesshealing,APJAbdulKalamforScienceandTechnology,JusticeNSantoshHegdeforSocialDevelopment.
ThefounderoftheArtofLivingSriSriRavishankarandShriTejendraKhanna,LieutenantGovernorofDelhigaveawayprizestowinnersinNewDelhionFebruary23,2012.
TogetherJindal&SRJindalPrizeshadattractedcloseto2000nominationsinthefirstyearoflaunch,mirroringtheexceptionalresponseforthePrizes.ThenominationswereinvitedfromacrossIndiaandabroadthroughadvertisementsinprintandelectronicmediaaswellasthewebsiteofJindalFoundation.ThenominationsreceivedwereadjudicatedbyJuriescomprisingeminentpersonsofhighintegritythroughaprocessindependentoftheworkingoftheFoundation.
BriefingaboutthePrize,M.P.Vasimalai,ExecutiveDirectorofDHANFoundationsaid‘’Theprizeistimely,asDHANFoundationreachedamarkofonemillionpoorfamiliesthroughitspioneeringinitiativessuchasKalanjiamCommunityBanking
Recognitions to DHAN’s Works
ProgrammeandVayalagamTankfedAgricultureDevelopmentProgramme,spreadover12Indianstatesandover10000villagesandslums”
“Since1990,wehavelaunchednewthemesinthebeginningofeachdecade.TheKalanjiamandVayalagamProgrammespromotedbyusin1990,havenowbecomelargerprogrammes,andtookashapeofresourcecentressupportingotherdevelopmentorganisations,governmentagencieswhoareinterestedinreplicatingourmodel.ICTforpoor,DemocratisingPanchayats,Tata-DhanAcademyandRainfedFarmingDevelopmentProgrammewerelaunchedin2000,andin2010,wehavelaunchedYouthandDevelopment,Migration,ClimateChangeAdaptation.DHANwillcontinuetoevolveandlaunchnewthemesforpovertyreductioninthefuture”headded
V.K.Padmavathy,ProgrammeLeader,DHANFoundationsaid“Drivenbythephilosophyof‘GivingbacktotheSociety”,DHANFoundationattracts,groomsandengageshighlymotivated,educatedyoungwomenandmentothedevelopmentsector.Over700professionalgraduatesdrawnfromvariousdisciplineshavebeenemployedatthegrassrootsworkalongwith2500localfieldworkers.Allthesewerepossiblebecauseofthecollectiveeffortsofthecommunitieswithwhomweareworking,ourcollaborators,andDHANProfessionalsandfieldworkersworkingatthegrassrootslevel”.
Annual Report 2012 139
Annual Report 2012140
Acknowledgement
…Workinginpartnershiptowardsacommongoalgeneratesnewlearningandsolutions.WecherishcollaborationasourcorevaluebecausethecollaborativeprocessenablesDHANandourpartnerstocombineourcomplementaryknowledge,skills,andresources,makingitpossibleforustoaccomplishmuchmore thanwe canonour own.Thedevelopment of apartnership is a continuousprocesswhichdemandsactiveinputfrombothsides.Aneffectivepartnershipprovidesagreaterchanceofcontinuity,consistencyandsustainabilityfordevelopment.
Wearedeeplyindebtedtothecontributionsandcontinuedsupportrenderedbyourinstitutionalpartners,collaborators,resourceinstitutions,philanthropistsandwell-wishersintheprogressandachievementsoftheDHANCollective.
Our Institutional Partners
SirRatanTataTrust,MumbaiSirDorabjiTataTrust,MumbaiOxfamNovib,theNetherlands(OxfamIndia)Hivos,TheNetherlands
Our Overseas Partners
AmericanServicetoIndia-RuralLearningJourneyIndiaParticipants,USAAnandCharity,USACanadianInternationalDevelopmentAgency(CIDA)CARITAS,SwitzerlandConsortiumofDEWATSDisseminationSocietyDeutscheGesellschaftfürInternationaleZusammenarbeit(GIZ),NewDelhiEkalVidhyalayaFoundationofIndiaEurekaAchmeaFoundation,TheNetherlandsEuropeanUnionFondsFamilievanBeek,TheNetherlandsFordFoundationGreenFoundationHealthNetTPO,CombodiaHOPEInternationalHugueninRalapalliFoundation,USAInternationalDevelopmentResearchCentreKarunaiIIllamTrust,NewZealandKleinHofwijckFoundation,TheNetherlandsMicroInsuranceAssociationNetwork,TheNetherlandsMicroPensionFoundation,TheNetherlandsNewZealandHighCommission,NewDelhi
Annual Report 2012 141
PensionandDevelopmentNetwork,theNetherlandsPopulationServiceInternational,USARabobankCentraalTwente,TheNetherlandsRabobankHaarlem,TheNetherlandsRabobankHage-Beek,TheNetherlandsRabobankMaasenWaal,TheNetherlandsRabobankRegioSchiphol,TheNetherlandsRabobankWest-Zeeuws-Vlaanderen,TheNetherlandsRabobankZuidwest-Drenthe,TheNetherlandsStichtingVriendenvanDHAN,TheNetherlandsUnitedStatesAgencyforInternationalDevelopment(USAID)WestbergFoundation,TheNetherlandsWorldGranny,theNetherlandsZLMVerzekeringen,TheNetherlands
Our Water Partners
InternationalWaterManagementInstitute–RUAFFoundation
NationalAgriculturalInnovationProject–ICAR
BhabhaAtomicResearchCentre,Mumbai
Our Indian Partners and CSR Foundations
ArghyamFoundation,BangaloreAxisBankFoundationBharatPetroleumCorporationLimitedCareTodayFundHindustanUnileverLimitedHindustanPetroleumCorporationLimited,MumbaiHitechAraiLimited,MaduraiITCRuralDevelopmentTrustMadrasAtomicPowerStation,KalpakkamRabobankFoundation,theNetherlandsSitaramJindalFoundation
State Government
ConvergenceofAgriculturalInterventions(CAIM)Project,GovernmentofMaharashtra
CommissionerateofRuralDevelopment,AndhraPradesh
DepartmentofTourism,TamilNadu
DepartmentofEnvironmentandForest,TamilNadu
FisheriesManagementandSustainableLivelihood(FIMSUL)Project,GovernmentofTamilNadu
HealthandFamilyWelfareDepartment,TamilNadu
JalaSamvardhaneYojanaSangha(JSYS),GovernmentofKarnataka
MaduraiCorporation
Annual Report 2012142
MAVIM-MaharashtraWomen’sEconomicDevelopmentCorporation
NationalWatershedDevelopmentProgrammeforRainfedAreas
PudhuVaazhvuProject,GovernmentofTamilNadu
StateHealthSociety,TamilNadu
StatePlanningCommission,GovernmentofTamilNadu
TamilNaduStateAIDSControlSociety
Government of India
CentralPlanningCommission
CoirBoard
CottonCorporationofIndia
CouncilforAdvancementofPeople’sActionandRuralTechnology(CAPART)
JawaharlalNehruNationalUrbanRenewalMission(JNNURM)
MinistryofTourism
MinistryofUrbanDevelopmentCommercial Banks
United Nations Agencies / Projects
InternationalLabourOrganisation(ILO)
UNDP–NewDelhiCommercial Banks
Commercial Banks
AndhraBankBankofBarodaBankofIndiaCanaraBankCentralBankofIndiaCorporationBankICICIBankIndianBankIndianOverseasBankKarnatakaBankPunjabNationalBankStateBankofHyderabadStateBankofIndiaStateBankofMysoreUCOBankUnionBankofIndiaUnitedCommercialBankVijayaBank
Annual Report 2012 143
Regional Rural Banks
AndhraPradeshGrameenaVikasBankBangaloreRuralDstrictCentralCooperativeBankDeccanGraminaBankKalapatharuGrameenaBankNagarjunaGrameenaBankPandiyanGramaBankSaptagiriGraminaBankSriSaraswathiGrameenaBankSriVenkateswaraGrameenaBankSriVisakhaGrameenaBankThanjavurCentralCoorperativeBank
Apex Banks
HDFCLimitedNationalBankforAgricultureandRuralDevelopmentRaboIndiaFinance(P)Limited
Insurance Companies
AgriculturalInsuranceCompanyBirlaSunLifeHDFCStandardLifeInsuranceLifeInsuranceCorporationofIndiaNationalInsuranceCompanyOrientalInsuranceCompany
Academic and Research Institutes
AnnaUniversity,ChennaiIndianSpaceResearchOrganisation(ISRO)IndiraGandhiNationalOpenUniversityNationalInstituteforDisasterManagement,NewDelhiNationalInstituteofAgriculturalExtensionManagement(MANAGE)NationalInstituteofRuralDevelopmentNationalRemoteSensingCentre(NRSC)PostalTrainingCentreRajivGandhiNationalInstituteofYouthDevelopmentTamilNaduAgriculturalUniversity
Aboveall,weacknowledgewithhighgratitude,thecontributionsbythecommunitieswithwhomweareworking,fortheircommitment,ownershipandresponsibilityinthecollective
effortsforachievingthemissionofpovertyreduction
Annual Report 2012144
Mr. R.D. Thulsiraj
Ms. K. Noorjehan
Mr. B.T. Bangera,Chairperson, DHAN Foundation is anMBA from IndianInstitute ofManagement,Ahmedabad.He is currently theManagingDirectorofM/sHi-TechArai Limited., an Indo-Japanese joint venture atMadurai.Hehasover30yearsofexperience,holdingseniormanagementpositionsinreputedcompaniesinIndia.Hehasbeenanoffice-bearerintheManagementAssociationsandConfederation of Indian Industries (CII) at different levels.He is keenlyinterestedineducationandisamemberontheBoardofGovernorsandBoardofStudiesofanumberofmanagementandengineeringinstitutions
Mr. B.T. Bangera
Ms. K. Noorjehan,Vice Chairperson, DHAN Foundation is currently anAdministrativemember ofCentralAdministrativeTribunal, ErnakulamBench.ShewastheChiefPostMasterGeneral,HaryanaPostalCircleandlaterbecameChiefPrincipalPostMasterGeneralofMaharasthracircle.ShewassubsequentlypromotedtothegradeofMember,PostalServicesBoard.Shehasover30yearsofexperienceindifferentpartsofthecountry.Shewasinstrumentalincomputerisingpostaloperationsinthesouthernregion,andincreatingowninfrastructureforseveralpostoffices.Sheisinterestedinwomendevelopment,especiallythepoorandthedisadvantaged.
Mr. R.D. Thulsiraj,Treasurer, DHANFoundationisanMBAfromIndianInstituteofManagement,Calcutta,istheExecutiveDirectorofLAICO-AravindEyeCareSystem. For almost 20 years he had been theAdministrator ofAravind EyeHospitals.HewasalsotheSouth-EastAsiaRegionalChairfortheInternationalAgency for thePrevention ofBlindness (IAPB).Heworkedwith the board ofSevaFoundation(anU.S.-basedNGO)formorethan15years.Hehasanumberof published papers to his credit, and has presented papers at internationalconferencesoneyecare.
Board of Trustees
Dr. Nirmala Murthy
Dr. Nirmala Murthy iscurrentlythePresidentfortheFoundationforResearchinHealth Systems. She holds aDoctorate from theHarvard School of PublicHealth.Shehasoverthreedecadesofrichexperienceinpublichealth,involvingmonitoring and evaluation, research, andhealth information systems. Shehastaught at the Indian Institute ofManagement,Ahmedabad. ShehasworkedatMassachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT),Massachusetts andManagementSciencesforHealth,Boston.Shehasbeenaconsultantforvariousnationalandinternational health-related programmes of theGovernment of India and theWorldBank.Shehasanumberofpapersandpublicationsrelatedtohealth,healthpolicies,programmesandresearchtohercredit.Herareasofinterestarehealthinformationsystems,andmonitoringandevaluationofhealthandwelfareprogrammes.
Annual Report 2012 145
Dr. V. Abhai Kumar
Dr. Priscilla Daniel
Dr. Priscilla DanielholdstwoMaster’sdegreesandaPh.D.inSocialMarketingofHealth Education. Shewas formerly the Programme Executive in ECLOFInternational. She appraises large loanproposals, trains the staffandBoards ofNECs.Sheworkedasaneducationistformorethan20yearsandwastheFounder-Presidentof twoNGOs (SUEB - Society for theUpliftmentof theEconomicallyBackwardandSIRPI-SocialInitiativeforRuralPeoples’Integration)andaBoardmemberofECLO, India.Nowshe is in theBoardofManagementof FriendsofIndiaatGeneva,Switzerland.ShewasawardedtheAshokaFellowshipforPublic
Innovatorsin1991forhercontributioninthefieldofdevelopment.
Dr. V. Abhai Kumar holds EngineeringMaster’s degree in CommunicationSystems.HereceivedhisPh.DDegreefromIndianInstituteofTechnology,Madras.Currently,heisPrincipalofThiagarajarCollegeofEngineering,Madurai.Heisaseniormemberof IEEE.Hehasauthoredandco-authoredanumberof technicalpapers in reputed journals and presented papers at international and nationalconferences.Hehasmorethantwodecadesofresearchandteachingexperienceinmicrowaves,remotesensing,digitalsignalprocessingandimageprocessing.Hisresearchinterestsincludearraysignalprocessingandsmartantennas.
Mr. M. Balachandran
Mr. M. Balachandran isapostgraduate inAgriculturalScienceandaCertifiedAssociateof IndianInstituteofBankers.He iscurrentlytheDirectorof InstituteofBankingPersonnelSelection.HeisalsoservingastheChairmanofStarUnionDai-Ichi Life InsuranceCorporation Limited. Recently he has been nominatedasamemberoftheHighPowerAdvisoryCommitteeofSecuritiesandExchangeBoardofIndia(SEBI),onconsentordersandalsoasaDirectorofSmallIndustriesDevelopment Bank of India (SIDBI). He is a member in the Research andDevelopmentAdvisoryCommitteeoftheNationalHousingBankandtheOversight
CommitteeofIndiaInfrastructuralFinanceCorporationLimited(IIFCL).Duringthespanofhis37yearsofoperationalbanking,hehasheldpositionsatvariouscapacitiesandcoveredPrioritySector,CorporateCreditandInternationalBanking.
Annual Report 2012146
Mr. M.P. Vasimalai
Mr. C. Sudhakar
Mr. C. Sudhakar isapostgraduateinCommerceandIntermediateinInstituteofCostWorksAccountant(ICWA)ofIndia.HeispresentlyleadingtheCenterfor Finance inDHANFoundation.Hehas aboutfifteenyears of experience inthe development sector.He handledmanagement accounting and financialmanagement courses for the Tata-Dhan Academy. He anchored trainingprogrammes forNGOson FinancialManagement and on legal aspects.He iscurrentlyinvolvedinsettingupsystemsforfinancialaccountingandmonitoringinthepeopleorganisationspromotedbyDHANFoundation.Hisareasofinterest
arebuildingcapacitiesofthecommunity-basedinstitutionsinfinancialmanagementanddevelopingsystemsformonitoringandtransparencyinsuchinstitutions.
Mr. M.P. Vasimalai,Executive DirectorofDHANFoundationisapostgraduateinAgricultureandamanagementgraduatefromtheIndianInstituteofManagement,Ahmedabad.Hehasoverthreedecadesofexperienceindevelopmentworkandone of the keypeople in settingupPRADAN.Hewas instrumental in settingupDHANFoundation in 1997.Hehas specialised in community organisation,designingdevelopmentinterventionsinthefieldsofnaturalresourcemanagement,livelihoodpromotionandinstitutionaldevelopment.HehastraveledextensivelywithinandoutsideIndiaandhasparticipated/presentedpapersonthesethemes.Heisalsoholdingvariouspositionsinnationalandinternationalforums,workinggroups,taskforcesandmissionsofCentralandStategovernments.Hisareasofinterestareinstitutionbuilding,leadershipdevelopmentandpromotingvariousdevelopmentthemesforpovertyreduction.
Ms. N. Shanthi MaduresanisapostgraduateinRuralEconomicsandExtensionEducation. She hasmore than 20 years of experience inMicrofinance. Shewas instrumental in promoting Federations of Kalanjiamwomen SHGs inRamnathapuramandTuticorindistrictsofTamilNadu.Sheiscurrentlyworkingas a Faculty inTata-DhanAcademy, teachingParticipatory LearningMethods(PALM),BuildingPeople’sOrganisations (BUD) for development and gender.SheisalsocoordinatingDevelopmentManagementProgrammes(DMPs)intheAcademyonmicrofinance,livelihood,healthandteambuildingforNGOs.SheisalsoservingastheChiefExecutiveofIndianNetworkofFederationsofMicrofinanceSelfHelpGroups(INFOS ).Herareasof interestarebuildingcommunity-based institutionsandcapacitybuilding fordevelopment.
Ms. N. Shanthi Maduresan
Annual Report 2012 147
Programme officesCentral OfficeDHAN Foundation18,PillaiyarKoilStreetS.SColony,Madurai-625016Tel:+91-452-2610794,2610805Fax:+91-452-2602247Email:[email protected]:http://www.dhan.org
Kalanjiam FoundationNo-7,ValmigiStreetS.S.Colony,Madurai-625016Tel:+91-452-2604256,2608949Email:[email protected]
DHAN Vayalagam (Tank) FoundationNo:17,VellaiPillaiyarKoilStreet,S.S.Colony,Madurai-625016Tel:+91-452-2601673,2601683Email:[email protected]
Tata-Dhan AcademyT.Malaipatti,Thenkarai(BO)Mullipallam(SO)Sholavandan(Via)MaduraiDistrict-625207Tel:+91-4543-293405,293406Email:[email protected]
Center for Development CommunicationDHANFoundation7E,ValmigiStreetS.S.Colony,Madurai-625016Tel:+91-452-4353983Email:[email protected]
CIT4D ProgrammeNo:22,PillaiyarKoilStreetS.S.Colony,Madurai-625016Tel:+91-452-2301509Email:[email protected]
DHAN People Academy & INFOSPulloothu,EllisNagarViaMadurai-625016Tel:+91-452-2475416,2475305Email:[email protected]
DHAN Livelihood Initiative with Functional Education (LIFE)No:55,KennettRoadEllisNagar,Madurai-625016Tel:+91-452-2300084Email:[email protected]
People Mutuals & ASKMINo:22,PillaiyarKoilStreet,S.SColony,Madurai-625016Tel:+91-452-2301510Email:[email protected],[email protected]
Kalanjium Thozhilagam Limited (KTL)52,LasalleTowers,IIFloorT.B.Road,Opp.ESIHospitalMahaboopalayamMadurai-625016Tel:+91-452-2301112,4358001Email:[email protected]
Kalanjiam Development Financial Services (KDFS)21,PillayarKovilStreetS.S.Colony,Madurai-625016Tel:+91-452-2301102,6505978Email:[email protected]
INAFI-INDIANewNo.65,IstFloorHarveyNagarIIISt.(NearRajScans)Madurai-625016Tel:+91-452-2300490,4358490Email:[email protected]
Center for Policy and PlanningDHANFoundation23,WestParkRoad,1stFloorShenoyNagar,Chennai-600030Tel:+91-44-26280236,26265189Email:[email protected]
REGIONAL OFFICES
Tamil Nadu
Madurai Rural RegionDHANFoundation28.PonmeniNarayananStreetS.S.Colony,Madurai-625016Tel:+91-452-4212152Email:[email protected]
Madurai Urban RegionDHANFoundation52.KathanapillaiStreetJawaharMainRoadS.S.Colony,Madurai-625016Tel:+91-452-2300569Email:[email protected]
DHAN Foundation - Addressess
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Madurai Vayalagam RegionDHANFoundation667/B7,MohanEarthMoverComplexIIFloor,OpptoPKNBoysSchoolThirumangalamMaduraiDistrict,TamilNaduEmail:[email protected]
Madurai Rainfed RegionDHANFoundation,1-1/88-F3KurunjiNagarPeraiyurMadurai–625703Email:[email protected]
Dindigul Region DHANFoundation1/198,ParadiseHouse,ABNagarOpp.Govt.ITINathamRoad,Dindigul-624003Tel:+95-451-2470909Email:[email protected]
Theni RegionDHANFoundation34,SowdeswariNagar,1stFloorNearPCPattiPoliceStationTheni-625531Tel:+91-4546-264575Email:[email protected]
Ramanathapuram Coastal RegionDHANFoundation(RegionalOffice)1/372,1ststreet,NehruNagarCollectoratePostRamnad-623503Tel:+91-4567-231676Email:[email protected]
Ramanathapuram Kalanjiam Region Kamudhi Kalanjia Mahalir Vattara SangamMudhukulathurRaodKalanjiaNagarKottaimedu,KamudhiEmail:[email protected]
Sivagangai Vayalagam RegionDHANFoundationW-5/565,MDCBankupstairsTrichyMainRoadKottampatti–625103Tel:+91-4544-230485
Thanjavur RegionDHANFoundationNo.19A,UpstairMunicipalColony,MCRoadTanjore-613007Tel:+91-4356-240353Email:[email protected]
Salem RegionDHANFoundationNo.49,Dr.RamanathanRoadNearDistrictCentralCooperativeBankSalem-636001Email:[email protected]
Kancheepuram Region
Thiruvalangadu Vattara KalanjiamCMCGarden,UpstairsofSaravanaWeldingShopKanagammachatramTiruvallurDistrictTel:+91-44-27880078,27874368Email:[email protected]
Vellore Rainfed Region
DHANFoundationMamallanIllam,C/O,RajamaniBoopathyGoundarStreetNattarmpalli–635852VelloreDistrictTel:+91-4179-322020/254109
Cuddalore Region
DHANFoundation49,DowlathNagarOpp.KNCCollegeSemmandalam,CuddaloreTel:+91-4142-292234Email:[email protected]
Nagapattinam RegionDHANFoundationNo6,AnthoniarKovilMelsanthuNagapattianm-611001Tel:+91-4365-240045Email:[email protected]
Tuticorin Coastal RegionDHANFoundation2/603A,NewSundaramNagarMadhavanNagar(W)Sorispuram,KorampallamTuticorin-628101Tel:+91-461-2341246
Thiruvallur Region3/442,BazaarStreetKanakammachatram-631204.ThiruvallurDistrictTel:+91-44-27874368Email:[email protected]
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Tuticorin Vayalagam RegionDHANFoundation45,KeelakottaivasalStreetSriVaikundam-628601TuticorinDistrictTel:+91-4630-256980Email:[email protected]
Kanchipuram Vayalagam RegionDHANFoundation20/1,GSTRoadOpp.IndianOverseasBankAcharapakkam-603301KanchipuramDistrictEmail:[email protected]
Krishnagiri Rainfed RegionDHANFoundationHIG94,PhaseIITamilNaduHousingBoardKrishnagiri-635001Tel:+91-4343-226568Email:[email protected]
PUDUCHERRY
Puducherry Magalir Vattaram45,4thcrossstreet,MoogambigaiNagar,2ndmainRoad,NainarMandapam,PuducherryTel:+91-413-6538865
ANDHRA PRADESH
Adilabad Regional Office Sri Indrayee Mahila Kalanjia Samakya BesideAndhraBank,MainroadIndervelly-504346,AdilabadDist.Tel:+91-8731-277501Email:[email protected]
Hyderabad RegionDHANFoundationH.No:1-8-522/7SISSBuilding1stFloorT.V.MeekshammaMemorialBhavan,ChikkadapallyHyderabad-500020Tel:+91-40-65169017Email:[email protected]
Chittoor Kalanjiam RegionDHANFoundationSriPadmavathyMahilaAbyudhayaPodhupuSangamD.No.6/113,NewHouseNearLeprosyHospitalAkkarampalli,Tirupati-517507Tel:+91-877-2283614Email:[email protected]
Chittoor Vayalagam RegionDHANFoundation6-310,Banker’sColonyGudiyathamRoadPalamaner-517408ChittoorDistrictTel:+91-8579-254123Email:[email protected]
Vizag RegionDHANFoundationD.No.53-17-43/7,BesideMahendraAutomotive,MaddilapalemVisakhapatnam-530016Tel:+91-891-6578990Email:[email protected]
KARNATAKA
Bangalore RegionDHANFoundationC/oM.RavindraBuildingNo.14,2ndFloorSubbaiahReddyRoadNearSubramanyaSwamiTempleUlsoor,Bangalore-560008Email:[email protected]
Tumkur Kalanjiam RegionDHANFoundation1stFloor,ShreeShylaNearChamiDepoBasavanapalya,SirgateDevarayadurga,TumkurTel:+91-816-2212550Email:[email protected]
Tumkur Vayalagam RegionDHANFoundationC/o.Ramamurthy,HouseNo.711VeeranjaneyaNagarGokulCollegeRoadKolar-563101,KarnatakaTel:+91-8152-222171Email:[email protected]
Mysore RegionDHANFoundation1169,1stFloor,AariharaNilayaNearVidyavardakaSchool3rdCross,LalithadriRoadKuvembunagar,Mysore-571323Tel:+91-821-4242320Email:[email protected]
Gulbarga RegionDHANFoundationC/o.ArjunRaoG.MitraH.No.EWS94.ShantiNagarNearHanumanTempleOpp.CentralBusStandSolapurclinicOppRoadGulbarga-585103Tel:+91-8472-250195Email:[email protected]
MADHYA PRADESH
Sailana RegionDHANFoundationPlotNo.38/39,VivekanandColony,KamalaNehruMargInfrontofMPEBSailana-457550,RatlamDistrictMadhyaPradeshTel:+91-7413-279153Email:[email protected]
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Yavatmal RegionDHANFoundationC/oGangaramGanpatraoNavhateBesideJalaramMandirGhatanji-445301YavatmalDistrict,MaharashtraTel:+91-80-55034914
ASSAM
DHANFoundationProfessorcolonyNearBaramaBazaarBarama-781346BaksaDistrict,AssamBarama(BTAD),AssamTel:+91-3624-282440Email:[email protected]
ODISHA
Koraput Region DHANFoundationNearDistrictHeadQuartersHospital,BehindVijayakrishnaMedicalStorePujariput,Koraput-764020Tel:+91-6852-252916Email:[email protected]
RAJASTHAN & MAHARASHTRA
Solapur Region DHANFoundationBlockNo9,3rdFloor145,ShivShaktiComplexNearKothadiyaHospitalSolapur-413004,MaharashtraTel:+91-217-6450203/2721535Email:[email protected]
JHARKHAND
DHANFoundationHouseNo.122,WardNo.6Chatnahi(onByePassRoad)Latehar–829206Tel:+91-6565-248423Email:[email protected]
BIHAR
DHANFoundationC/o,AnandPrasadSinghWestChurchRoadOpp.KhalishParkGayawalBighaGayaDistrict-823001Email:[email protected]
Building Sustainable Livelihoods
HAN Foundation works to make significant changes Din the livelihoods of the poor through building scalable, cost effective and sustainable development themes for self-reliance. Keeping innovation as its core value, DHAN continues to evolve and nurture new ideas in development that can impact the lives and livelihoods of the poor on a large scale. Kalanjiam model of community banking by and for the poor women, Vayalagam model of tank-fed agriculture development, rain-fed farming development, coastal conservation livelihoods, communication and information technology for development and working with Panchayats are the development themes nurtured by DHAN over the last two decades. Climate change adaptation, migration, youth and development are the new themes being piloted now. Health, education and tourism have emerged as cross-cutting themes to augment the development brought by all the existing programmes. A common thread that binds all these themes is livelihood promotion. DHAN has observed 2011-12 as 'Year of livelihoods' to look closely at the impact that it has created on the livelihoods of the one million poor households organised by it, consolidate its experiences in livelihood interventions, and initiate the process of strategizing its livelihood approach with its experience at the ground.
Livelihood Matters
Annual Report 2012DHAN Foundation
DHAN Foundation (Development of Humane Action)
18, Pillaiyar Koil Street, S.S. ColonyMadurai 625 016. Tamil Nadu, INDIA.Tel: +91 452 2610794 / 805, Fax: 2602247 Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.dhan.org