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History of Dhaka Zoo

The Dhaka Zoo was first established of in 1950, when the former Pakistan Government

passed a resolution to establish a zoological-cum-botanical garden in the suburbs of Dhaka.

The current site is at Mirpur which was selected in 1960 and officially designed in 1964.

After that, little progress was made during the Pakistan period except moving the tiny zoo

that had been located in the High Court Mazar area to the new location.

After independence, the zoo was officially opened to the public on June 23, 1974. It is the

only major zoological garden in Bangladesh. Its total area is 213.41 acres, with two water

bodies, four restaurants, three pagodas, one animal museum and one fish aquarium. Public

facilities such as toilets and card phones are available in the premises.

Total visits to the zoo per annum range between two and three million. The zoo provides

recreation and education for the visitors by housing a wide variety of common, exotic, rare

and endangered species of animals. Captive breeding is carried out for selected species and

often surplus animals are offered for private ownership. Reintroduction of species to their

natural habitats is also under consideration.

The Dhaka Zoo is the only facility in the country for the preservation of animal genetic

diversity. The Dhaka Zoo is operated by the Government of Bangladesh under the

jurisdiction of the Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock. The chief of the zoo is the Curator

(Deputy Secretary Rank), who is accountable to the Director General (DG). The DG

communicates with the Ministry when higher level decisions are required. The zoo has a

workforce of 213 regular employees in addition to temporary day laborers and 20 Ansars

(security people). The types of creatures housed in the Zoo are summarized in the following

table.

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Animals

Number of Species

Total Number

Mammal

69

570

Reptile

14

49

Bird

96

915

The annual operating budget of the zoo is between 15 and 20 million (1.5 and 2 crore) taka.

About half of this is spent for salaries and the rest for food and care of the animals (7 to 8

million or 70 to 80 lakh) and miscellaneous expenses (1 to 1.5 million, or 10 to 15 lakh). The

zoo generates a major portion of its revenues from entry fees, parking, and rent for the

restaurants inside the zoo, which are leased through open tenders. From these sources, the

zoo may generate about 15 million (1.5 crore) taka. In the 1996-97period, entry fees

generated 12 million (1 crore 20 lakh) taka. The zoo also makes some money from selling

poultry, fish and fruits grown inside the facility. The remaining expenses are subsidized by

the government.

This subsidy, as well as the fact that the zoo occupies 214 acres of high-value land in close

proximity to Dhaka, raises the question of the economic justification for the zoo. For this

reason, we are interested in estimating its actual value to the visitors. Such a valuation

exercise can influence policy decisions on future allocation of funds for the development of

the zoo. Like most other public recreational facilities around the world, the Dhaka Zoo offers

an array of environmental, ecological, zoological and recreational services whose value is not

reflected in the small entry fee charged to its visitors (Tk. 5.00 per person per visit). A

valuation study on the Dhaka Zoo is therefore a useful exercise, an important input to

national accounting, and an aid to policy makers and development planners.

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Managerial Functions

Managerial Functions refers to the way that an organization arranges people and jobs so that

its work can be performed and its goals can be met. Managerial Functions allows the

expressed allocation of responsibilities for different functions and processes to different

entities such as the branch, department, workgroup and individual. This structure depends

entirely on the organization's objectives and the strategy chosen to achieve them. As an

organization Dhaka Zoo also has a managerial structure which does all the managerial works.

In Dhaka zoo the managerial system is not performing well, because of this unconscious

management system, there are some unwanted things happening like recently, 11 birds has

been stolen from the zoo worth of 5lack BDT which is very dissatisfying. Moreover in the

past some unwanted things happened like this.

In Dhaka zoo the managerial function is vertical and a bit lengthy. Therefore if a problem

occurs like missing or death of an animal, then informing the higher level manager take much

time. This is because the highest level of manager (curator) has other things to do and without

his order no other manager cannot take any certain step for a particular situation. So we are

spreading up the managerial functions, giving them some protocol so that they can take fast

solution of any problems.

We divide the whole management functions into some parts. One is Financial, HR, Health

Management. Keeping the animal healthy comes first, therefore we are dividing this

management functions and also trying to make them more effective by dividing their work.

The managers who works for the zoo starting from Curator to Zoo officers the official, rank

is not given by the promotion. The rank they get is actually by the government working rank

for e.g. earlier the curator was in an agricultural research firm post as a manager so,

transferring him to Dhaka zoo for controlling the management function was not a wise idea.

According to us we think that for efficient and effective management of Dhaka zoo, manager

would require appropriate knowledge, skills and abilities to influence and motivate workers

to achieve the organizational objectives.

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To become effective and efficient, we recommend on the following manpower to be

extended in number as following.

Sl

no.

Name of the post

Number

of worker

now

Number of

worker

recommend

by us

Remarks

1 Curator 1 2 Class-1

2 Deputy Curator (Admin) 1 3 Class-1

3 Deputy Curator (Animal

Survey)

1 5 Class-1

4 Animal Nutrition Officer 1 2 Class-1

5 Veterinary Surgeon 1 2 Class-1

6 Scientific Officer 1 2 Class-1

7 Zoo Officer 1 2 Class-1

8 Publicity Officer 1 3 Class-1

9 Officer-in-Charge Museum 1 2 Class-1

10 Administrative Officer 1 2 Class-2

11 Security Supervisor 1 --- Class-2

12 Accountant’s Officer 1 2 Class-2

13 Computer Operator cum

Office Asstt.

--- 1 Class-3

14 Accountant. --- 2 Class-3

15 Taxidermist 1 --- Class-3

16 Garden over share 1 4 Class-3

17 Head Assistant 1 2 Class-3

18 Steno typist 1 2 Class-3

19 Painter cum Artist 1 4 Class-3

20 Arboriculture’s 1 2 Class-3

21 Store superintend 1 3 Class-3

22 Photographer 1 2 Class-3

23 Compounder 1 2 Class-3

24 Accountant 1 2 Class-3

25 Upper Division Assistant 3 --- Class-3

26 Electrician 1 5 Class-3

27 Assistant Electrician 2 6 Class -4

28 Store keeper 1 4 Class-3

29 Record keeper 1 2 Class-3

30 Casher 1 2 Class-3

31 Account Assistant 1 2 Class-3

32 Information Assistant 1 3 Class-3

33 Billing Assistant 2 --- Class-3

34 Office Assistant cum Typist 4 --- Class-3

35 Supervisor for ladies garden,

children Zoo

1 4 Class-3

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36 Driver 3 --- Class -3

37 Carpenter 1 5 Class -3

38 Booking Assistant 4 --- Class -4

39 Blacksmith 2 4 Class -4

40 Masson 1 2 Class -3

41 Duplicating Machine operator 1 3 Class -4

42 Dresser 1 2 Class -4

43 Plumber 1 9 Class -3

44 Pump driver 3 --- Class -4

45 Ferrier 1 2 Class -4

46 Snake caretaker 2 5 Class -4

47 Mahut 6 --- Class -4

48 Cart men 1 4 Class -4

49 Head Soarder 1 3 Class -4

50 MLSS 8 --- Class -4

51 A.C.T 57 --- Class -4

52 Attendant 7 --- Class -4

53 Laboratory Attendant 1 2 Class -4

54 Store Attendant 2 2 Class -4

55 Cook 2 4 Class -4

56 Chef 1 2 Class -4

57 Guard 19 25 Class -4

58 Gate keeper 20 --- Class -4

59 Gardener 14 30 Class -4

60 Sweeper 7 20 Class -4

61 Door keeper 4 10 Class -4

62 Helper to Plumber --- 15 Class -4

63 Helper to Mason --- 11 Class -4

64 Helper to Carpenter --- 9 Class -4

65 Welder --- 5 Class -4

66 Helper to Welder --- 2 Class -4

67 Helper to Electrician --- 15 Class -4

Total Number of Man

Power:

Number of shortage in

Man power:

210

376

166

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Environment analysis (PEST)

Environmental analysis is evaluation of the possible or probable effects of external forces and

conditions on an organization’s survival and growth strategies.

PEST

PEST analysis stands for “Political, Economic, Social and Technological analysis” and

describes a framework of macro environmental factors used in the environmental scanning

component of strategic management.

Political Analysis of Dhaka Zoo

Dhaka zoo is getting all finance support from government about 15 to 10 million (1.5 and 2

crore) taka. Dhaka zoo use this money to feed and taking care of the animals. They also use

the money for salaries to 210 employees. When they bring new animals they get permission

from the government and then put an advertisement on international and local newspapers

and other media by telling what animal they are willing to buy. However if anyone is

interested they send letter or mail by giving the animal details and picture. Dhaka zoo is the

property of the Bangladesh government. As Dhaka zoo is getting full financial support from

government, it needs to get permissions for special works from government.

Economic Analysis of Dhaka Zoo

About 4 million visitors visit Dhaka zoo every year. Dhaka zoo use 80% of the budget to feed

the animals.

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The food for the animals is given contract to the contractors. Dhaka zoo is making contracts

for 1 year with contractor’s who can support them with a bulk amount of food for animals.

Dhaka zoo is sending excretes of the animals to farms. The excretes are very good for

agriculture use. However by selling excrete the earn some of their financial.

Social Analysis of Dhaka zoo

Dhaka zoo is a recreational place, where families, students, and tourists can spend the

weekend. As Dhaka zoo is only the biggest zoo in Bangladesh, many people are visiting it.

As it have a lot of plants and two lakes the view is very nice.

Inside of several advantages there are some manage mental problems as well like the smell,

lakes are not clean, cave are dirty and very old entrances. To overcome this problem the

government shot try and spend more budgets on Dhaka zoo.

Technological Analysis of Dhaka Zoo

Dhaka zoo doesn’t have technologically advanced systems. The post offices are really

outdated and equipped with very poor furniture. Dhaka zoo required good security systems

for protecting animals and other assets. The border walls of the zoo are really low so any

burglars can infiltrate the zoo easily.

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The curators of the Dhaka zoo have good future plan and they are working on it to fix

problems above. The future plans should be implemented faster to make it a modern zoo.

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Corporate Social Responsibilities (CSR) of Dhaka Zoo

Dhaka Zoo is not very much rich in CSR activities. In 2010, they made a social awareness

program named “Banning polybags inside the zoo will help keep our wild animals safe” on

10th December 2010 on - From this awareness they want to deliver a

message to the Zoo visitors:

“When you're on zoo grounds, please help us keep our animals safe and our grounds

beautiful. Do not allow visitors to throw food or other as it destroys animal exhibits, or try to

touch the animals.”

After the Rally there was a ’zoo premises cleaning programme’ near the cornivore section in

which the zoo visitors perticipated in a cleaning programme. They collected polybags and

other wastages from the Zoo area and inspired people to keep the zoo clean.

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Then they organize a debate competition named “

(Natural disaster is solely responsible for the extinction of Wild animals) on 5th July 2011.At

first they took a rally for making social awareness on the topic. It is one of the most important

and difficult tasks for debate organizers. It provided enough disagreement or poses a problem

with many potential solutions and provided enough arguments and evidence for both sides in

debate- the affirmative and negative.

After that time period, the Dhaka zoo committee did not arrange any CSR activities to make

public aware about the need of the environment. When we asked the committee about CSR

they answered that it is an ongoing process. They have a plan about CSR but they didn’t

decide it yet. And they also said there so many things to concentrate, like beautification etc.

they added that lack of budget is also another reason of not engaging in CSR activities. Every

year Bangladesh government gives 10cr BDT to national zoo for beautification, purchasing

animals, feeding them, for their treatment. But there is no separate budget for CSR.

On the other hand, in foreign countries there are so many CSR activities by zoo. By taking

following steps our national zoo can make CSR activities:

1. Zoo committee can encourage different schools, colleges, NGOs like BRAC, SWAC

(Society for the Welfare of Autistic Children), CRP (Centre for Rehabilitation of the

paralyzed) and other organizations who work with disadvantaged children to make a

visit in zoo at free of cost. This will increase their knowledge about our environment

and help in making a positive image about the zoo as well.

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2. Autistic children are our assets. There are no less than 280,000 Autistic children in

our country. The general attitude towards autism is mostly negative and it is seen as a

social barrier. Even today, autism is considered a God-given curse and these disabled

children are taken as possessed by the Devil. But they have the same right as the

general people have. Dhaka zoo can contribute for them by 2 ways: one is by

patronizing various events taken part by them; another is keep the entrance fee zero

for such children while visiting zoo.

3. They can organize many cultural functions for poor people. Such as night school,

cricket or football matches, give awards to the sincere poor students, annual poem

ceremony etc.

4. They can also take part in beautification of the city. They can use travelling mini bus

inside the zoo. Since the zoo is so big and many aged people visit the zoo, they cannot

walk through the zoo. So there need mini buses for travelling in the zoo.

5. Also there need some volunteer to guide people about the animals current situation.

6. Every year they should plant trees for eco awareness all over Bangladesh.

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Human Resource Practices

Human resource is basically means that people are valuable resources. To do in a specific

workplace every people needs some certain qualification and by that qualification it goes for

particular workplace. In the same way Dhaka Zoo also has its human resources who are

working for the zoo. In the zoo there are approximately 210 people working including all the

managers. Among all the 210 employees in zoo there are 75 workers are temporary and the

rest of 135 are permanent. The top level managers are permanent in the zoo but for proper

functioning of the managing system, the Human Resource Management system needs be

updated.

Acquisition

As there is no training facility in the zoo, it takes time for the new employees to get

accustomed with the working environment. However; this is not a good sign of a proper

human resource management. Temporary workers are hired with no specific skills or

qualification and there is no security about them anytime they can leave. There for more

efficient management system right number of employees with appropriated skills must be

hired.

In order to progress towards world class wild animals facilities Dhaka Zoo’s human resources

management practices should be changed. Managing wild animals in captivity is very

difficult. To be affective and successful all levels of staff should process a wild range of skills

to undertake tasks promoting wildlife health and welfare. Managing and institution with

visitors also requires expert knowledge. The activities of animal’s visitors and infrastructure

management must include Sciences, Arts and Technology. Despite all, it is individual and his

intent combined with technology that can achieve high standards and success.

Retention

Good Human resource management system is not only just put the right people in right place

but also keep them in the organization for a long time. To keep the employees in an

organization, the manager should give some facilities and incentives which will concentrate

the employees mind to be in the organization. In the Dhaka zoo all the employees are getting

good incentives and the facilities. After getting the job in the zoo the managers and other

employees are not dissatisfied with the facilities they have. The retention system in the Dhaka

zoo is good. They are getting their salary and other bonuses in time. Curator and deputy

curator have their individual offices. Also all other managers like the zoo officers have their

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own office. All the managers are getting transportation facilities too. The process of retention

in the Dhaka Zoo is enough to keep the employees in the organization.

Development

Development in Human resource management is after acquisition and retention the

employees need some good training or seminar to develop and update their skill.

Development makes an employee more skillful and up to date with the new technologies and

systems. In Dhaka Zoo there are some training programs for the employees but that is not

much effective. In a whole working life an employee will get only one training, which is very

little for an employee in such organization. This is actually not a good sign of a good human

resource management.

For the development of the employee of the Dhaka Zoo, there should be some very good

training after each six months so the employees will be able to know the new trainings and

application. Managers will be sent to the developed Zoos to see that how they operate all the

things and managers will to big seminars to acquire more knowledge and ideas. All the

Development systems will be taken for the betterment of the employees. This development

process will help to keep the zoo modern and world class.

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Organizational Behavior (Cultural)

Organizational behavior is a study that investigates of impact that the individuals, groups and

structures have on behavior within an organization. It is an interdisciplinary field that

includes sociology, psychology, communication and management. It is one of the most

commonly used terms in management these days. They are quite different, yet eventually

display the wellness of an organization as a whole. Culture and behavior, although different

in meaning, signify two very important aspects of people management. These terms are

largely related to the psychology of employees, and these two tools can be used by the

management to improve the efficiency and work-rate of employees in an organization.

Some of the Problems Faced By Zoo

The entry fee is too low and does not generate any surplus for financing the

development plans for the Zoo.

The Ministry puts low priority on the zoo and bureaucratic processes necessary for

planning and development.

The allocation for procuring new animals is scanty; in the current development plan,

only 5.8 million (58 lakh) taka have been allocated.

The budget for developmental activities is inadequate. The 60 million (6 crore) taka

development plan currently underway will alleviate some of the problems.

Living conditions of the animals are not satisfactory - cages looked small and dirty,

food quality and health care arrangement appeared to be inadequate. No animal waste

disposal facility was observed.

Many of the signs and notices in the zoo are damaged or illegible. They should be

renovated in both Bengali and English.

There are only two poorly maintained rest rooms for women and children.

There are occasional security problems within the zoo, as its manpower is limited.

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Fast food shops those located inside the zoo are selling the foods to people in

expensive price because of high tax.

RECOMMENDATIONS

Since visitors to the zoo come from a variety of income groups, the zoo may consider

developing several levels of service with progressively higher fees. The simplest

option is to allow the visitor a self-guided tour. The next level may include a briefing

at the information center with a documentary on the zoo that will help the visitors

make a better plan. At the third level, the package may include a fully guided tour

along with refreshments. The idea is to cater to the needs of the visitors of differing

socioeconomic and cultural backgrounds.

Additional funds for maintenance and renovation may be allocated to improve the

quality of the facilities of the zoo.

Introduce luxury bus service within Dhaka City to get to the zoo. The busses

currently in operation are less likely to attract people of higher income groups. Also,

offer package tours in collaboration with travel agencies for large groups and distant

visitors. The study findings indicate that people are willing to pay a high enough

price to render these feasible.

Currently the zoo houses only 14 species of reptiles and one fish aquarium. The zoo

should expand in both these areas, especially in aquatic and marine creatures. They

are not easily visible in their natural habitats, so introduction of such species should

attract a large number of new visitors. According to the survey, only 0.2% and 0.5%

of the visitors to the zoo consider fish and reptiles of the zoo as the main feature of

attraction.

Finally, the information in this study on willingness to pay, composition of visitors by

income, mode of transportation used, and features of attraction should be used in the

national budget, in preparing development plans for the zoo, in identifying areas of

weaknesses, and in assessing the benefits derived from the Dhaka Zoological Garden.

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Conclusion

For Bangladesh, Dhaka zoo is of its asset. However this asset is not ben known

internationally, Therefor, if we improve infrastructure development on technologically,

environmentally and other useful resources. It might be one of the most attractive visiting

places in Bangladesh for local and international visitors. We can earn huge revenue which

can be farther used for the development of the zoo and country. Therefore we hope to see

Dhaka Zoo as one of the top most zoos in the future. Our best wishes are with them.

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Reference

www.google.com

www.wikipedia.com

Dhaka Zoo

Book’s