DGR Training Manual Vol 1

8/16/2019 DGR Training Manual Vol 1

1/487

Doc 9375-AN/913

Volume 1

Appr oved by the Secretary General

and published under his authority

DANGEROUS GOODS

TRAINING MANUAL

INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANIZATION

VOLUME 1

FOURTH EDITION — 2010

USING THE TECHNICAL INSTRUCTIONS

FOR THE SAFE TRANSPORT OF

DANGEROUS GOODS


2/487


3/487

Doc 9375-AN/913

Volume 1

Doc 9375 AN 913

Volume 1

Approved by the Secretary General


pproved by the Secretary eneral


DANGEROUS GOODS

TRAINING MANUAL

DANGEROUS GOODS

TRAINING MANUAL

INTERN T ION L IVIL V I T ION ORG NIZ T ION

VOLUME 1



DANGEROUS GOODS



DANGEROUS GOODS

FOURTH EDITION — 2010


4/487

Published in separate English, Chinese, French, Russian and Spanish editions by the

INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANIZATION

999 University Street, Montréal, Quebec, Canada H3C 5H7

For ordering information and for a complete listing of sales agents

and booksellers, please go to the ICAO website at www.icao.int

Third Edition 1993

Fourth Edition 2010

Doc 9375, Dangerous Goods Training Manual

Volume I, Using the Technical Instructions for the Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods

Order Number: 9375P1

ISBN 978-92-9231-515-3

© ICAO 2010

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a

retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, without prior

permission in writing from the International Civil Aviation Organization.


5/487

(iii)

AMENDMENTS

Amendments are announced in the supplements to the Catalogue of ICAO Publications; the Catalogue and its supplements are available on the ICAO

website at www.icao.int. The space below is provided to keep a record of

such amendments.

RECORD OF AMENDMENTS AND CORRIGENDA

AMENDMENTS CORRIGENDA

No. Date Entered by No. Date Entered by


6/487


7/487

(v)

FOREWORD

Introduction

Many thousands of dangerous goods shipments are carried every day of the year aboard aircraft. The majority of these

dangerous goods are correctly prepared for transport and arrive safely at their destination.

Unfortunately, incidents and accidents involving dangerous goods do happen. Such incidents and accidents may result

in the contamination or destruction of cargo, the contamination of aircraft cargo holds, or they may even threaten the

aircraft itself and the lives of those on board. Often when such accidents have occurred, investigation has shown that the

dangerous goods involved did not meet the current legal requirements.

What are the legal requirements?

It is reassuring to note that the legal requirements governing the safe transport of dangerous goods by air are essentiallyconsistent throughout the world. This consistency is achieved through the adoption into the laws of each State of a

document produced by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) called the Technical Instructions for the Safe

Transport of Dangerous Goods by Air (the “Instructions”).

The ICAO Dangerous Goods Panel, made up of technical experts from ICAO member States, is responsible for

developing and maintaining the technical accuracy of this document.

Note.— For more information about the work of the Dangerous Goods Panel refer to this website:

http://www.icao.int/anb/FLS/DangerousGoods/ .

It is important that those who prepare dangerous goods for air transport, those who transport them and the government

organizations who oversee such activities, have a comprehensive working knowledge of the requirements laid out in

these Instructions.

This self-study training manual may be used together with the Instructions to facilitate the understanding and use of that

text.

Note.— This training manual is based on the 2009–2010 edition of the Instructions and its Addenda and

Corrigenda.

Goal of this self-study training manual

The Dangerous Goods Training Manual has been designed to address the training needs of State employees who will

be or are involved in the administration of ICAO’s Technical Instructions. In progressing through each unit, you will beable to relate the requirements to practical situations by following examples and going through exercises.

After careful study of this training manual you should be able to determine when a consignment of dangerous goods has

been prepared, handled, stored and transported in accordance with the Instructions.


8/487

(vi) Dangerous GoodsTraining Manual

Although each unit relates mainly to a particular aspect of the Instructions, reference is made, when necessary, to other

units and other parts of the Instructions. This enables you to appreciate the linkages within the training manual and

within the Instructions.

Training manual structure

There are thirteen (13) units to this training manual. The following is a listing of these units and includes each of their

individual goals:

Unit Title Goal

Unit 1 General philosophy, organization and

contents of the International Civil Aviation

Organization Technical Instructions

State the philosophy of the Instructions.

Navigate through the Instructions.

Evaluate whether the provisions concerning training,

limitations of dangerous goods in aircraft, transport of

dangerous goods by post, and dangerous goods security of

the Instructions, have been correctly applied.

Unit 2 Hazard class definitions and classification

procedures

Explain the characteristics of the nine classes of dangerous

goods and the components of a dangerous goods

description.

Unit 3 Use of the Dangerous Goods List—

Table 3-1

Evaluate whether relevant information concerning an item of

dangerous goods has been correctly extracted from Part 3 of

the Instructions.

Unit 4 Packing requirements Evaluate whether dangerous goods have been packed in

accordance with the provisions of Part 4 and Part 6 of the

Instructions.

Unit 5 Package marking and labelling Evaluate whether the labelling and marking requirements of

Part 5 of the Instructions have been correctly applied.

Unit 6 Dangerous goods transport document and

other relevant documentation

Evaluate whether the documentation provisions of Part 5 of

the Instructions have been correctly applied.

Unit 7 Operators and cargo acceptance Evaluate whether the operator responsibilities identified in

Part 7 of the Instructions have been correctly applied.

Unit 8 Infectious substances Evaluate whether an infectious substance has been correctly

classified, prepared for transport and transported in

accordance with the Instructions.

Unit 9 Radioactive material Evaluate whether a radioactive material has been correctly

classified, prepared for transport and transported in

accordance with the Instructions.

Unit 10 Dangerous goods in limited quantities and

dangerous goods in excepted quantities

Evaluate whether the limited quantities and excepted

quantities provisions of Part 3 of the Instructions have been

correctly applied.

Unit 11 Provisions for passengers and crew Evaluate whether the carry-on or checked baggage

provisions in Part 8 of the Instructions have been correctly

applied.


9/487

Volume 1. Using the Technical Instructions for the Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods

Foreword (vii)

Unit 12 Emergency procedures Evaluate if the emergency response measures in Part 7 of

the Instructions are in place and are correctly applied.

Evaluate whether appropriate emergency response

information can be correctly extracted from the Emergency

Response Guidance for Aircraft Incidents InvolvingDangerous Goods (ICAO Doc 9481).

Unit 13 Answers to exercises

At the beginning of each of these units you will find the following statement:

Note.— This unit is not a substitute for the Instructions, but may be used together with the

Instructions to facilitate understanding of that text.

It is placed there to emphasize that this self-study training manual is to be used solely for guidance in locating

information in the Instructions. If there is a discrepancy between what is found in the self-study training manual and what

is found in the Instructions, the text of the Instructions prevails.

Each unit contains the following:

— Unit title

— Table of contents

— Training subject matter and category of personnel

— Goal

— Introduction

— Guidance material and exercises based on the elements of the Instruction under study

(Note.— Individual headings will be assigned based on the topic.)

— Summary

Within the text of each unit you will also find boxes which include:

— Excerpts from the Instructions in italics, preceded by the Instruction reference number, for example,

5;1 Note.— It is the shipper’s responsibility to ensure that all of the applicable air transport

requirements are met.

— Checklists, such as,

Acceptance Procedures Checklist

(To be used only by trained acceptance staff.)

Yes No Reference in the

Instructions

1. Document . Are there two copies of the document? 7;1.2.1 a)

— Summary of Instruction requirements, for example,

Type of aircraft Explosives permitted on

board aircraft

Segregation requirements

Passenger aircraft Only

— Division 1.4 S

Not Applicable


10/487

(viii) Dangerous GoodsTraining Manual

Notes are also included to draw your attention to certain provisions:

Example:

Note.— For ease of reference a numerical list of UN numbers with their proper shipping name is provided in

Attachment 1; Chapter 1.

Before starting this self-study training manual

Before starting this self-study training manual be sure you have:

— a copy of the 2009–2010 edition of the Instructions and its Addenda and Corrigenda;

— a highlighting pencil so you can highlight important points;

— a pen or pencil for answering questions; and

— blank paper for notes.

IMPORTANT NOTE

When answering Exercise and Unit Test questions be sure to indicate with your answer the reference number in

the Instructions that led you to your answer.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).

Mr. Daniel J. Sylvestre, for permission to reprint his photographs on pages 4-3, 4-20, 4-21, 4-24, 5-5, 5-6, 5-7, 5-8, 5-13,

11-7, 11-8, 11-9 and 11-10.

______________________


11/487

(ix )

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

Foreword ........................................................................................................................................................... (v )

Unit 1. General Philosophy, Organization and Contents of the

International Civil Aviation Organization Technical Instructions .......................................................... 1-1

Unit 2. Hazard Class Definitions and Classification Procedures ..................................................................... 2-1

Unit 3. Use of the Dangerous Goods List—Table 3-1..................................................................................... 3-1

Unit 4. Packing Requirements ........................................................................................................................ 4-1

Unit 5. Package Marking and Labelling .......................................................................................................... 5-1

Unit 6. Dangerous Goods Transport Document and Other Relevant Documentation..................................... 6-1

Unit 7. Operators and Cargo Acceptance ....................................................................................................... 7-1

Unit 8. Infectious Substances ......................................................................................................................... 8-1

Unit 9. Radioactive Material ............................................................................................................................ 9-1

Unit 10. Dangerous Goods in Limited Quantities and Dangerous Goods in Excepted Quantities .................... 10-1

Unit 11. Provisions for Passengers and Crew .................................................................................................. 11-1

Unit 12. Emergency Procedures ....................................................................................................................... 12-1

Unit 13. Answers to Exercises .......................................................................................................................... 13-1

______________________


12/487


13/487

1-1

UNIT 1

General Philosophy, Organization and Contents of theInternational Civil Aviation Organization

Technical Instructions

Note.— This unit is not a substitute for the Instructions, but may be used together with the Instructions to

facilitate understanding of that text.

Table of Contents

A. Training Subject Matter and Category of Personnel — Unit 1 ......................................................................... 1-2

B. Goal — Unit 1 .................................................................................................................................................. 1-2

C. Introduction...................................................................................................................................................... 1-3

D. General Philosophy — Foreword and Part 1 ................................................................................................... 1-3

E. Numbering System — Foreword ..................................................................................................................... 1-4

F. User Tools — Foreword and Table of Contents .............................................................................................. 1-5

G. Training — Part 1;4 ......................................................................................................................................... 1-8

H. Prohibitions and Exceptions (Limitations) — Part 1;1 and 1;2 ......................................................................... 1-11

I. Dangerous Goods Security — Part 1;5 ........................................................................................................... 1-14

J. Dangerous Goods Packages opened for inspection by State Authorities — Part 1;1.3 .................................. 1-15

K. Summary ......................................................................................................................................................... 1-15


14/487

1-2 Dangerous Goods Training Manual

A. TRAINING SUBJECT MATTER AND CATEGORY OF PERSONNEL — UNIT 1

• Subject Matter: General philosophy and limitations

• Category of personnel: All

B. GOAL — UNIT 1

After study of this unit, the student should be able to:

a) state the philosophy of the Instructions;

b) navigate through the Instructions; and

c) evaluate whether the provisions concerning training, limitations of dangerous goods in aircraft, transport of

dangerous goods by post, and dangerous goods security of the Instructions have been correctly applied.

With reference to the Instructions the student will be able to:

a) explain the purpose of the Instructions;

b) state the numbering system for the Instructions;

c) locate the Foreword and each part and attachment in the Instructions;

d) state how often the Instructions are amended;

e) identify the location of meanings for abbreviations and symbols used in the Instructions;

f) identify the location of definitions for specific words and terms used in the Instructions;

g) state which type of measurement units are to be used when describing a consignment of dangerous goods;

h) convert measurements to and from the SI System;

i) explain how the Instructions maintain compatibility with the other modes of transport;

j) identify the location of the list of State and operator variations;

k) explain the purpose of the State and operator variations;

l) identify the location of the training requirements in the Instructions;

m) state how often training is to be renewed;

n) state when testing is required;

o) demonstrate how to determine if an individual’s training is relevant and current;

p) demonstrate how to determine which dangerous goods may go in air mail;


15/487


Unit 1. General philosophy, organization and contents of the ICAO Technical Instructions 1-3

q) demonstrate how to determine if a prohibition or exception applies to a dangerous goods article or substance;

and

r) identify where in the Instructions the contents of a Security Plan are specified.

C. INTRODUCTION

Foreword – The broad principles governing the international transport of dangerous goods by air are contained in

ICAO’s Annex 18 to the Convention on International Civil Aviation — The Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods by Air.

The Instructions amplify the basic provisions of Annex 18 and contain all the detailed instructions necessary for the

safe international transport of dangerous goods by air.

This unit focuses on the provisions of the Foreword and Part 1 of the Instructions. It is designed to provide you with an

overview of the:

— general philosophy behind the Instructions;

— training requirements for those responsible for the safe transport of dangerous goods by air;

— text and page numbering system used in the Instructions;

— user tools provided to assist in the understanding and application of the Instructions;

— prohibitions and exceptions affecting the transport of dangerous goods by air;

— method of achieving intermodal compatibility;

— purpose of State and operator variations;

— conditions under which a security plan should be developed and what it should contain; and

— responsibilities of State officials involved in the opening for inspection of packages containing dangerous

goods.

Examples and exercises are used throughout the text to relate the requirements of the Instructions to practical situations.

The test at the end of this unit will provide you with useful feedback on how you have mastered the material.

D. GENERAL PHILOSOPHY — FOREWORD AND PART 1

Dangerous goods can be carried safely by air transport providing certain principles are adopted. These principles, which

are included in the Instructions, are intended to facilitate transport while giving a level of safety such that dangerous

goods can be carried without placing an aircraft or its occupants at risk, providing all the requirements are fulfilled. They

try to ensure that should an incident occur it cannot lead to an accident (Foreword).


16/487


1;1.2 GENERAL TRANSPORT REQUIREMENTS

Except as otherwise provided for in the ‘International Civil Aviation Organization Technical Instructions for the

Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods by Air’ (Instructions) , no person may offer or accept dangerous goods for

international civil transport by air unless those goods are properly classified, documented, certificated, described, packaged, marked, labelled and in the condition for shipment required by these Instructions. If a person performs a

function required by these Instructions on behalf of the person who offers the dangerous goods for transport by air or

on behalf of the operator, that person must perform that function in accordance with the requirements of these

Instructions. No person may transport dangerous goods by air unless those goods are accepted, handled and

transported in accordance with these Instructions. No person may label, mark, certify or offer a packaging as meeting

the requirements of these Instructions unless that packaging is manufactured, fabricated, marked, maintained,

reconditioned or repaired as required by these Instructions. No person shall carry dangerous goods or cause

dangerous goods to be carried aboard an aircraft in either checked or carry-on baggage or on his/her person, unless

permitted by 8;1.1.2.

Note.— When dangerous goods intended for air transport are carried by surface transport to or from an

aerodrome, any other applicable national or modal transport requirements should be met in addition to those that are

applicable for the goods when carried by air.

Note.— The ICAO Technical Instructions are updated and reissued every two years. You must ensure you are

using the current edition of the document together with any addenda or corrigenda that may have been issued within

that two-year period. See the following website for a listing of applicable addenda and corrigenda:

http://www.icao.int/anb/FLS/DangerousGoods/.

Intermodal compatibility

ICAO is responsible for maintaining the compatibility of the provisions of the Instructions with the provisions of other

modal (rail, road and marine) requirements. It does this by aligning the Instructions with the Recommendations of the

United Nations Subcommittee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods and the provisions of the International Atomic Energy Agency.

E. NUMBERING SYSTEM — FOREWORD

To make it easier to find specific provisions, the Instructions are divided into eight (8) parts with the addition of a

Foreword at the beginning of the document and five (5) attachments at the end. Each part is divided into chapters, and

chapters are divided into paragraphs and subparagraphs.

Where a number such as 3.2 appears at the beginning of a paragraph, the “3” refers to the chapter and the “2” refers to

the paragraph number.

Note.— The paragraph number does not indicate the part from which it comes.

If the above example is located in Part 2, a reference will be shown as 2;3.2 or Part 2; Chapter 3, Paragraph 2.

The page numbering system helps to identify the part and the chapter to which the page belongs.

Example: 1-4-3 means Part 1, Chapter 4, Page 3.


17/487



Many of the chapters contain tables and figures, and the numbering system helps to identify the part in which the table

or figure appears and its numeric sequence in that part.

Example: Table 3-1 is the first table within Part 3.

The alphabetical index in Attachment A5, Index and List of Tables and Figures, should be studied and will be a useful

guide to finding specific topics in the body of the Instructions.

Note.— Throughout the Instructions, the use of the word "must" indicates a mandatory requirement to comply with

the particular provision. Where a provision is optional or only recommended, the word "should" is used.

F. USER TOOLS — FOREWORD AND TABLE OF CONTENTS

Four (4) user tools are provided in the Instructions to assist in the understanding and application of its requirements.

They include:

1. Table of Contents for the Instructions;

2. Table explaining abbreviations and symbols used in the Instructions;

3. List of definitions used in the Instructions; and

4. Table of formulas used to convert measurement to and from SI Units.

1. The Table of Contents identifies the parts, chapters, paragraphs and attachments found in the Instructions. It is

located on pages (ix) to (xiv) at the front of the Instructions.

EXERCISE 1-1

Apply a tab to the first page of each of the eight (8) parts and five (5) attachments of the Instructions listed below:

Part 1 – General – includes scope and applicability, limitations of dangerous goods in aircraft, general information,

training requirements, dangerous goods security, general provisions concerning Class 7.

Part 2 – Classification of Dangerous Goods – includes characteristics for the nine classes of dangerous goods, and

the definitions of Proper Shipping Name, UN Number and Packing Group as well as the criteria for their application

and the Precedence of Hazard Table.

Part 3 – Dangerous goods list, special provisions and limited and excepted quantities.

Part 4 – Packing instructions.

Part 5 – Shipper’s responsibilities.

Part 6 – Packaging nomenclature, marking, requirements and tests.

Part 7 – Operator’s Responsibilities

Part 8 – Provisions concerning passenger and crew

Attachment A1 – List of proper shipping names

Attachment A2 – Glossary of terms.


18/487


Attachment A3 – Notified variations from the Instructions – includes both State and operator variations.

Attachment A4 – Reformatted packing instructions applicable from 1 January 2011.

Note.— This is a temporary Attachment and the number of attachments will go back to four in the 2011-2012

edition of the Instructions.

Attachment A5 – Index and list of tables and figures.

EXERCISE 1-2

Referring to the Table of Contents in the Instructions, indicate in which part(s) and chapter(s) the following

information is found:

1. Training

2. Classification of dangerous goods

3. Limitation of dangerous goods on aircraft

4. Shipper’s responsibilities

5. Packing Instructions

6. Documentation

Check your answers with those in Unit 13.

2. The Table explaining Abbreviations and Symbols used in the Instructions is located on pages (vi) to (vii) of the

Foreword to the Instructions. This is where an explanation can be found for such abbreviations as n.o.s. and Bq.

EXERCISE 1-3

Referring to the table for abbreviations and symbols found in the Foreword to the Instructions, state the meaning of

the following abbreviations and symbols:

1. n.o.s.

2. G

3. m

4. L

5. Bq


3. The List of Definitions, where words and terms used in the Instructions are defined, is located on pages 1-3-1 to

1-3-7 of the Instructions. (1;3.1).

Note.— The Instructions contain other definitions (i.e. the word “vibrations” is defined in Part 4; Introductory Notes,

the term “self-reactive substances” is defined in Part 2;4, the term “patient specimens” is defined in Part 2;6). Every part

must be read carefully to ensure all definitions are identified.


19/487



EXERCISE 1-4

Referring to 1;3.1 of the Instructions, identify the word or words from Column IV that best match each of the

definitions in Column II:

I II III IV

1. A provision in these Instructions which excludes a specific

item of dangerous goods from the requirements normally

applicable to that item.

Dangerous goods

2. The mass or volume of the dangerous goods contained in

a package excluding the mass or volume of any packaging

material, except in the case of explosive articles and of

matches where the net mass is the mass of the finished

article excluding packagings.

Exception

3. Packagings for which an outer packaging is required for

transport.

Flash point

4. The lowest temperature of a liquid at which flammable

vapour is given off in a test vessel in sufficient

concentration to be ignited in air when exposed

momentarily to a source of ignition.

Net quantity

5. Articles or substances which are capable of posing a risk

to health, safety, property or the environment and which

are shown in the list of dangerous goods in these

Instructions, or which are classified according to these

Instructions.

Overpack

6. An enclosure used by a single shipper to contain one or

more packages and to form one handling unit for

convenience of handling and stowage.

Appropriate National

Authority

7. Any authority designated, or otherwise recognized, by a

State to perform specific functions related to provisions

contained in these Instructions.

Inner Packaging


4. The Conversion Tables provide formulas for converting measurements to and from SI Units. They are located on

pages 1-3-8 and 1-3-9 of the Instructions. For example, the formula for converting Fahrenheit to Celsius is:

Subtract 32°F from the Fahrenheit temperature and multiply by 5/9.

By applying this formula, we find that 75ºF is equal to 23.9ºC.

Note.— SI units (kilograms, litres and kilopascals) are to be used when transporting dangerous goods. (1;3.2.1)

1;3.2.2 It is recognized that there are in existence many packagings which were designed and constructed for use

with non-SI quantity limitations and that such packagings will continue to be used for some time to come. Table 1-1

therefore contains a list of authorized non-SI equivalents for quantity limitations expressed in SI units. It is stressed

that these are not precise equivalents but are nevertheless acceptable based upon the likely availability of packaging.


20/487


EXERCISE 1-5

Referring to Part 1;3 and Table 1-2 and 1-3 answer the following questions:

1. State the primary units of measurement used in the Instructions.

2. Convert 10 pounds to kilograms

3. Convert 20 feet into metres

4. Convert 15 imperial gallons into litres

5. Convert 1 400 pounds per square inch into kilopascals

6. Convert 32ºF into Celsius

G. TRAINING — PART 1;4

The Instructions require all relevant employees to be trained.

General

1;4.2.1 Personnel must receive training in the requirements commensurate with their responsibilities.

Shipper training requirement

The requirement to train shipper employees is reinforced in Part 5 of the Instructions.

5;1.4 Before a consignment of dangerous goods is offered for air transport, all relevant persons involved in its

preparation must have received training to enable them to carry out their responsibilities, as detailed in Part 1. Where

a shipper does not have trained staff, the “relevant persons” may be interpreted as applying to those employed to act

on the shipper’s behalf and to undertake the shipper’s responsibilities in the preparation of the consignment.

However, such persons must be trained as required by Part 1, Chapter 4.

Operator training requirement

The requirement to train operator employees is reinforced in Part 7 of the Instructions.

7;4.9 An operator must ensure training is provided in accordance with the detailed requirements of 1;4 to all

relevant employees, including those of agencies employed to act on the operator’s behalf, to enable them to carry out

their responsibilities with regard to the transport of dangerous goods, passengers and their baggage, cargo, mail and

stores.

Successful application of the Instructions relies on the content and frequency of this training.


21/487



Content

Prior to performing any of the duties specified in the Instructions, an individual must undergo function-specific

(i.e. detailed training in the requirements applicable to the function for which the individual is responsible) training. Such

training must include a general familiarization with the provisions of the Instructions as well as any safety-related training

to address the hazards of the specific dangerous goods, their safe handling and relevant emergency response

procedures. (1;4.2.1).

Table 1-4

Table 1-4 of Part 1;4 identifies the specific aspects of training for operators carrying dangerous goods as cargo and

is presented in a matrix format.

The top of this matrix lists the numbers 1 – 12. Each number is explained in the KEY following the Table. The number

“1” is assigned in the KEY to shippers and persons undertaking the responsibilities of shippers.

The left-hand side of the matrix lists the aspects of transport of dangerous goods by air with which they should be

familiar, as a minimum. The first aspect on the left is “General Philosophy”.

An “X” appearing at the intersection of one of the numbers and one of the aspects in the table indicates a training

requirement for that group.

For example, the location of the “Xs” under column “1” indicates that shippers and persons undertaking the

responsibilities of shippers should be familiar with the following:

— general philosophy;

— limitations;

— general requirements for shippers;

— classification;

— list of dangerous goods;

— packing requirements;— labelling and marking;

— dangerous goods transport document and other relevant documentation;

— recognition of undeclared dangerous goods;

— provisions for passengers and crew; and

— emergency procedures.

Table 1-5

Table 1-5 contains the content of training courses for operators not carrying dangerous goods as cargo and can be

read in the same manner as Table 1-4.

The “Xs” under column “10” of this Table indicate that flight crew members and load planners should be familiar withthe following:

— general philosophy;

— limitations;

— labelling and marking;

— recognition of undeclared dangerous goods;

— provisions for passengers and crew; and

— emergency procedures.


22/487


Security awareness training (1;5.2)

As security of dangerous goods shipments is as important as safety, employee dangerous goods training should also

include the:

— nature of security risks;

— method of recognizing security risks;

— methods to address and reduce such risks;

— actions to be taken in the event of a security breach; and

— to the extent applicable, awareness of security plans relevant to the individual’s responsibilities.

Note.— Security awareness training is subject to renewal every 24 months (1;5.2.3).

Frequency

Recurrent training must follow every 24 months (1;4.2).

If recurrent training is completed within the final three months of validity of previous training, the period of validity

extends from the date on which the recurrent training was completed until 24 months from the expiry date of that

previous training. (1;4.2.3)

For example:

If the date of initial training was 6 April 2007 and the date of recurrent training was 10 February 2009, the next training

session is required by 6 April 2011.

Note.— Initial dangerous goods and security awareness training is not necessary for a new employee with previous

training that is both relevant and verifiable (1;4.2.2 and 1;5.2).

Testing

1;4.2.4 states that once training is complete a test must be undertaken to confirm understanding.

Note.— The test can be taken orally as there is no requirement that it be written.

Training record

To be able to prove to a national authority that training has been completed in accordance with the Instructions, a

training record must be kept which includes:

a) the name of the person trained;

b) the most recent training completion date;

c) a description, copy or reference to training materials used to meet the training requirements;

d) the name and address of the organization providing the training; and

e) evidence which shows the person has satisfactorily completed the test.


23/487



Note.— This record is to be kept for a minimum of 36 months from the most recent training completion date. (1;4.2.5)

EXERCISE 1-6

Referring to Table 1- 4 in the Instructions:1. State what subject matter should be addressed

for shippers, but not for packers.

2. State what training, in addition to that required for

shippers, should be given to operator’s and

ground handling agent’s staff accepting

dangerous goods.

3. How often must training be undertaken?

H. PROHIBITIONS AND EXCEPTIONS (LIMITATIONS) — PART 1;1 AND 1;2

Part 1;1 and 1;2 of the Instructions should be studied carefully as they include information on:

— dangerous goods forbidden for transport by air under any circumstances;

— exceptions for dangerous goods of the operator;

— transport of dangerous goods by post.

Note.— See Part 3 of the Instructions for provisions concerning dangerous goods in excepted quantities and

dangerous goods packed in limited quantities, and Unit 10 of this training manual for training material on that subject.

Dangerous goods forbidden for air transport — 1;2.1

1;2.1 Any article or substance which, as presented for transport, is liable to explode, dangerously react, produce a

flame or dangerous evolution of heat or dangerous emission of toxic, corrosive or flammable gases or vapours under

conditions normally encountered in transport must not be carried on aircraft under any circumstance.

Some specific articles or substances that are forbidden for transport are shown by name in the Dangerous Goods List —

Table 3-1 with the word FORBIDDEN indicated in the adjacent column(s). If an article or substance is not specifically

named in Table 3-1, a check must always be made to determine whether or not it poses any of the hazards identified in

1;2.1. If these hazards are present, the article or substance is forbidden for transport.

Note.— See Part 3 of the Instructions for provisions concerning the use of the Dangerous Goods List — Table 3-1,

and Unit 3 of this training manual for training material on that subject.


24/487


Exemptions/Exceptions

State exemptions

1;1.1.2 In cases of extreme urgency, or when other forms of transport are inappropriate, or full compliance with the prescribed requirements is contrary to public interest, the States concerned may grant exemptions from the

provisions of the Instructions provided that in such cases every effort is made to achieve an overall level of safety in

transport, which is equivalent to the level of safety provided by these Instructions. The States concerned are the

States of Origin, transit, overflight and destination of the consignment, and the State of the Operator. For the State of

overflight, if none of the criteria for granting an exemption are relevant, an exemption may be granted based solely on

whether it is believed that an equivalent level of safety in air transport has been achieved.

Operator exceptions

1;2.2.1 The provisions of these Instructions do not apply to the following:

a) articles and substances which would otherwise be classified as dangerous goods but which are required to be

aboard the aircraft in accordance with the pertinent airworthiness requirements and operating regulations or that

are authorized by the State of the Operator to meet special requirements;

b) aerosols, alcoholic beverages, perfumes, colognes, safety matches and liquefied gas lighters carried aboard an

aircraft by the operator for use or sale on the aircraft during the flight or series of flights, but excluding non-

refillable gas lighters and those lighters liable to leak when exposed to reduced pressure;

c) dry ice intended for use in food and beverage service aboard the aircraft.

Replacements for articles or substances identified in 1;2.2.1 a), b) and c) must be transported in accordance with the

Instructions.

If an operator intends to transport any dangerous goods article or substance listed in 1;2.2.1 a) that has been removed

for replacement, it must be done in accordance with the Instructions. However, the operator may pack such articles or

substances into specially designed containers which meet the appropriate packaging requirements for the dangerous

goods items in the container.

General exceptions

1;1.1.3.1 Except for 7;4.2, these Instructions do not apply to dangerous goods carried on an aircraft where the

dangerous goods are:

a) to provide, during flight, medical aid to a patient when those dangerous goods:

1) have been placed on board with the approval of the operator; or

2) form part of the permanent equipment of the aircraft when it has been adapted for specialized use; providing that:

1) gas cylinders have been manufactured specifically for the purpose of containing and transporting that

particular gas;

2) equipment containing wet cell batteries is kept and, when necessary, secured in an upright position to

prevent spillage of the electrolyte;

Note.— For dangerous goods that passengers are permitted to carry as medical aid, see 8;1.1.2.

b) to provide, during flight, veterinary aid or a humane killer for an animal;


25/487



c) for dropping in connection with agricultural, horticultural, forestry or pollution control activities;

d) to provide, during flight, aid in connection with search and rescue operations;

e) vehicles carried in aircraft designed or modified for vehicle ferry operations and all of the following requirements

are met:

1) authorization has been given by the appropriate authorities of the States concerned, and such authoritieshave prescribed specific terms and conditions for the particular operator’s operation;

2) vehicles are secured in an upright position;

3) fuel tanks are so filled as to prevent spillage of fuel during loading, unloading and transit; and

4) adequate ventilation rates are maintained in the aircraft compartment in which the vehicle is carried;

f) required for the propulsion of the means of transport or the operation of its specialized equipment during

transport (e.g. refrigeration units) or that are required in accordance with the operating regulations (e.g. fire

extinguishers) (see 2.2).

1;1.1.3.2 Provision must be made to stow and secure dangerous goods transported under 1.1.3.1 a), b), c) and d)

during take-off and landing and at all other times when deemed necessary by the pilot-in-command.

1;1.1.3.3 The dangerous goods must be under the control of trained personnel during the time when they are in use

on the aircraft.

1;1.1.3.4 Dangerous goods transported under 1.1.3.1 a), b), c) and d) may be carried on a flight made by the same

aircraft before or after a flight for the purposes identified above, when it is impracticable to load or unload the

dangerous goods immediately before or after the flight, subject to the following conditions:

a) the dangerous goods must be capable of withstanding the normal conditions of air transport;

b) the dangerous goods must be appropriately identified (e.g. by marking or labelling);

c the dangerous goods may only be carried with the approval of the operator;

d) the dangerous goods must be inspected for damage or leakage prior to loading;

e) loading must be supervised by the operator;

f) the dangerous goods must be stowed and secured in the aircraft in a manner that will prevent any movement in

flight which would change their orientation;

g) the pilot-in-command must be notified of the dangerous goods loaded on board the aircraft and their loading

location. In the event of a crew change, this information must be passed to the next crew;

h) all personnel must be trained commensurate with their responsibilities;

i) the provisions of 7;4.2 and 7;4.4 apply.

Transport by post — 1;2.3

Only the following dangerous goods are acceptable for shipment by post:

a) patient specimens as defined in 2;6.3.1.4 and provided they are classified, packed and marked in accordance

with 2;6.3.2.3.6;

b) infectious substances assigned to Category B (UN 3373) only and solid carbon dioxide (dry ice) when used as

a refrigerant for UN 3373 (see Packing Instruction 650); and

c) radioactive material, the activity of which does not exceed one-tenth of that listed in Table 2-15.

Note.— Be sure to check with the national postal authority for any additional restrictions it may have imposed on the

transport of dangerous goods in the mail.


26/487


I. DANGEROUS GOODS SECURITY — PART 1;5

Security plans

Safety and security is everybody’s business.

Operators, shippers and others involved in the transport of high consequence dangerous goods (See Table 1-6 for an

indicative list of such dangerous goods.) should adopt, implement and comply with a Security Plan. This plan should

include:

1;5.3.2

….

a) specific allocation of responsibilities for security to competent and qualified persons with appropriate authority to

carry out their responsibilities;

b) records of dangerous goods or types of dangerous goods transported;

c) review of current operations and assessment of vulnerabilities, including inter-modal transfer, temporary transitstorage, handling, and distribution, as appropriate;

d) clear statement of measures including training policies (including response to higher threat conditions, new

employee/employment verifications, etc.), operating practices (e.g. access to dangerous goods in temporary

storage proximity to vulnerable infrastructure, etc.), equipment and resources that are to be used to reduce

security risks;

e) effective and up-to-date procedures for reporting and dealing with security threats, breaches of security or

security incidents;

f) procedures for the evaluation and testing of security plans and procedures for periodic review and update of the

plans;

g) measures to ensure the security of transport information contained in the plan; and

h) measures to ensure that the security of the distribution of transport documentation is limited as far as possible.

(Such measures must not preclude provision of the transport documentation required by Part 5, Chapter 4 of

these Instructions.)

Operators, shippers and others with responsibility for the safe transport of dangerous goods are encouraged to:

— cooperate with each other and with appropriate authorities;

— exchange threat information;

— apply appropriate security measures;

— respond to security incidents.


27/487



J. DANGEROUS GOODS PACKAGES OPENED FOR INSPECTION BY

STATE AUTHORITIES — PART 1;1.3

Any package opened during an inspection must, before being forwarded to the consignee, be restored by qualified

persons to a condition that complies with these Instructions.

K. SUMMARY

The Instructions establish comprehensive rules to govern the safe transport of dangerous goods throughout the globe.

To facilitate the movement of dangerous goods from one type of transport to another every effort is made to ensure that

the rules are consistent between modes.

Many types of dangerous goods can be transported safely when they comply with the provisions of the Instructions, but

there will always be dangerous goods that because of their unique characteristics are considered too dangerous for

transport. On the other hand there are circumstances where certain dangerous goods or shipments of dangerous goodsmay be “excepted” from specific provisions of the Instructions.

Training in the Instructions is essential to knowing exactly what, when, where and how these rules apply.

This unit provides you with the tools needed to successfully navigate the text of the Instructions, and the following units

provide guidance in understanding the remaining requirements and evaluating their application.

Note.— Guidance material on the radioactive material requirements found in 1;6 has been included in Unit 9 of this

training manual.

______________________


28/487


29/487

2-1

UNIT 2

Hazard Class Definitions and Classification Procedures

Note.— This unit is not a substitute for the Instructions, but may be used together with the Instructions to

facilitate understanding of that text.

Table of Contents

A. Training Subject Matter and Category of Personnel — Unit 2 ......................................................................... 2-2

B. Goal — Unit 2 .................................................................................................................................................. 2-2

C. Introduction...................................................................................................................................................... 2-3

D. Components of a Dangerous Goods Description — Part 2 Introductory Chapter............................................ 2-3

E. Determining the Description (Class or Division, Packing Group, UN number, Proper Shipping Name)

of Specific Dangerous Goods — Part 2;1 to 2;9 .............................................................................................. 2-5

F. Transport of Samples — Part 2 Introductory Chapter ..................................................................................... 2-22

G. Summary ......................................................................................................................................................... 2-23


30/487


A. TRAINING SUBJECT MATTER AND CATEGORY OF PERSONNEL — UNIT 2

• Subject Matter: Classification

• Category of personnel:

— shippers and persons undertaking the responsibilities of shippers

— packers

— staff of freight forwarders involved in processing dangerous goods

— operator’s and ground handling agent’s staff accepting dangerous goods

— security staff who are involved with the screening of passengers and their baggage and cargo, mail and

stores, e.g. security screeners, their supervisors and staff involved in implementing security procedures.

B. GOAL — UNIT 2

After study of this unit, the student should be able explain the characteristics of the nine classes of dangerous goods and

the components of a dangerous goods description.

With reference to the Instructions, the student will be able to:

a) list, by number and description, the nine classes of dangerous goods and, where appropriate, their divisions;

b) state the number of packing groups and describe what each number represents;

c) state the packing group provisions for Classes 3, 4 and 8 and Divisions 5.1 and 6.1;

d) explain the purpose of a UN number;

e) explain the purpose of a proper shipping name;

f) state what is found in Table 3-1;

g) state who is responsible for ensuring the appropriate description of the dangerous goods is determined prior to

transport;

h) explain the meaning of words and terms used to describe the hazards of the nine classes of dangerous goods,

e.g. flash point, self-reactive, liquefied;

i) demonstrate how to determine if the Table of Precedence has been correctly used;

j) state the four types of proper shipping names found in the Instructions;

k) demonstrate how to determine the correct proper shipping name for a substance, mixture, solution or article not

listed by its specific name in Table 3-1; and

l) demonstrate how to determine if the provisions concerning mixtures or solutions consisting of a dangerous

substance and one or more non-dangerous substances have been correctly applied.


31/487


Unit 2. Hazard class definitions and classification procedures 2-3

C. INTRODUCTION

Correctly identifying the description of an item of dangerous goods is the essential building block for its preparation for

transport by air. Once the description has been determined the appropriate packaging, marking, labeling, handling,

storage and transporting requirements of the Instructions can be applied.

This unit starts with a clear explanation of what this description includes then provides an overview of how one arrives at

the description for a specific item of dangerous goods.

Also included in this unit is an overview of how “samples to be transported for testing to determine classification” are to

be described and prepared for transport.

Note.— It takes professional knowledge to be able to apply the classification criteria in Part 2 of the Instructions.

This knowledge is obtained through additional training.

D. COMPONENTS OF A DANGEROUS GOODS DESCRIPTION —

PART 2 INTRODUCTORY CHAPTER

General

Determining the description of an item of dangerous goods is the critical first step in correctly preparing a shipment for

transport. Such a description should consist of four pieces of information:

1. Class(es) or Division(s) number;

2. Packing Group (where applicable);

3. UN Number; and

4. Proper Shipping Name.

An explanation of each follows.

1. Class or Division number

The UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods establish a numbering system which sorts the

different hazards of dangerous goods into nine (9) classes:

Class 1: Explosives (Class 1, Explosives are also assigned Compatibility Groups. More on this later in this

unit.)

Class 2: Gases

Class 3: Flammable liquids

Class 4: Flammable solids; substances liable to spontaneous combustion; substances which, in contact with

water, emit flammable gases

Class 5: Oxidizing substances and organic peroxides


32/487


Class 6: Toxic and infectious substances

Class 7: Radioactive material

Class 8: Corrosive substances

Class 9: Miscellaneous dangerous substances and articles

Classes 1, 4, 5 and 6 are further divided into divisions. For example, Class 5 is divided into Division 5.1 and Division 5.2.

Note that when referring to a division the word “Class” is replaced by the word “Division”.

Note.— A dangerous goods article or substance may have the characteristics of one or more classes or divisions. It

is the shipper’s responsibility to determine which is the primary hazard and which is the secondary or subsidiary

hazard(s) (5;1).

EXERCISE 2-1

Referring to Part 2 Introductory Chapter of the Instructions, answer the following questions:

1. State the class title and the division title for

Division 5.1.


Division 1.4.


Division 6.2.

4. State the class title for Class 8.

5. State the class title for Class 3.


2. Packing Group

The packing group is used to describe the appropriate level of packaging required for the particular hazards of a

dangerous good. There are three packing groups (Introductory Chapter 2.4):

Packing Group I: Substances presenting high danger

Packing Group II: Substances presenting medium dangerPacking Group III: Substances presenting low danger.

The Instructions provide specific criteria for determining the packing group for dangerous goods meeting the criteria of

Classes 3, 4 (other than self-reactive substances) and 8, and Divisions 5.1 and 6.1 (Parts 2;3, 2;4, 2;5, 2;6 and 2;8).

Note.— Some substances in Class 9 and liquids in Division 5.1 have been assigned to packing groups by

experience rather than through application of technical criteria.


33/487



Classes 1, 2 and 7 and Divisions 4.1 – self-reactive substances, 5.2 and 6.2 have no packing group assigned.

3. UN Number

The UN number is the four-digit number assigned in the UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods

that is used to identify a substance or article or a particular group of substances or articles (Introductory Chapter 3.2).

Note.— One proper shipping name in Table 3-1 is identified by an ID number instead of a UN number. That is

ID 8000, which is assigned to Consumer Commodities.

4. Proper Shipping Name

The proper shipping name is the name assigned in the UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods to

identify a substance or article or a particular group of substances or articles.

Note.— See Paragraph 3;1.2 of the Instructions for a detailed explanation of the term “proper shipping name” and

Unit 3, Use of the Dangerous Goods List—Table 3-1, for related training material.

The blue pages of the Instructions (The Dangerous Goods List—Table 3-1) lists over 3 000 dangerous goods articles or

substances alphabetically by proper shipping name and includes their respective UN number, primary class or division

and, where applicable, subsidiary risk and packing group.

Note.— The shipper is always held responsible for the correct identification of the class(es)/division(s), packing

group, UN number and proper shipping name of a dangerous goods article or substance.

E. DETERMINING THE DESCRIPTION (CLASS OR DIVISION, PACKING GROUP, UN NUMBER,

PROPER SHIPPING NAME) OF SPECIFIC DANGEROUS GOODS — PART 2;1 TO 2;9

The following steps can be used as a guide to assist in determining the appropriate description for an article orsubstance believed to be dangerous.

Step 1 — Assign to the substance or article (or, where required, have assigned by the appropriate national

authority ,) the class(es) and/or division(s) and, where applicable, packing group – Parts 2;1 to 2;9

Step 2 — For substances or articles with more than one hazard determine the precedence of hazard – Part 2

Introductory Chapter

Step 3 — Assign the appropriate UN number and proper shipping name – Part 2 Introductory Chapter.

An explanation of each follows.

Step 1 — Assign to the substance or article (or, where required, have assigned by the appropriate nationalauthority ,) the class(es) and/or division(s) and, where applicable, packing group – Parts 2;1 to 2;9

Where the proper shipping name, UN number and packing group are unknown, the shipper must refer to Parts 2;1

through 2;9 of the Instructions to determine whether any of the class(es) and/or division(s) and packing group described

in those chapters apply.


34/487


Notes.—

• These chapters may include reference to other documents. When this happens the relevant text in these

documents must be taken into consideration during the classification process.

• Certain dangerous goods are subject to classification by the appropriate national authority.

Compliance with the prohibitions established in Paragraph 1;2.1 of the Instructions is critical.

1;2.1 Any article or substance which, as presented for transport, is liable to explode, dangerously react, produce a

flame or dangerous evolution of heat or dangerous emission of toxic, corrosive or flammable gases or vapours under

conditions normally encountered in transport must not be carried on aircraft under any circumstance.

The following tables provide an overview of the information found in Parts 2;1 to 2;9. The related label for each

class/division is also shown.


35/487



Class 1 — Explosives — Part 2;1

This class is divided into six divisions: Divisions 1.1 to 1.6.

DIVISION 1.1 DIVISION 1.2 DIVISION 1.3 DIVISION 1.4 DIVISION 1.5 DIVISION 1.6

DESCRIPTION

Substances and

articles which have a

mass explosion

hazard (a mass

explosion is one

which affects almost

the entire load

virtually

instantaneously).

(2;1.3.1 a))

Substances and

articles which

have a projection

hazard but not a

mass explosion

hazard.

(2;1.3.1 b))

Substances and

articles which have a

fire hazard and

either a minor blast

hazard or a minor

projection hazard or

both, but not a mass

explosion hazard.

(2;1.3.1 c))

Substances and

articles which present

no significant hazard

The effects are largely

confined to the

package and no

projection of fragments

of appreciable size or

range is to be

expected. An external

fire must not cause

virtually instantaneousexplosion of almost

the entire contents of

the package.

(2;1.3.1 d))

Very insensitive

substances which

have a mass

explosion hazard.

(2;1.3.1 e))

Extremely

insensitive articles

which do not have

a mass explosion

hazard.

(2;1.3.1 f))

COMPATIBILITY GROUP

For handling and stowage purposes, explosives are to be assigned to one of thirteen compatibility groups depending on the nature of

the danger. The compatibility group of an explosive is identified by the letter immediately following the division number. See Table 2-2

of the Instructions for a detailed description of each compatibility group. Table 2-3 of the Instructions combines each division number

with the compatibility group they’ve been assigned.

Note.— This is the only class where compatibility groups are assigned.

LABELS

* Place for class

number

** Place for division

and compatibility

group

* Place for class

number

** Place for

division and

compatibility

group

* Place for class

number

** Place for

division and

compatibility

group

* Place for class

number

*** Place for

compatibility

group

* Place for class

number

*** Place for

compatibility

group

* Place for class

number

*** Place for

compatibility

group

PACKING GROUP

Class 1 packagings must meet the test requirements of 6;4.1 for Packing Group II subject to 6;1.1.17 and 6;1.2.7. However, metal

packagings meeting the test criteria of Packing Group I may be used. (4;3.1)

In Addendum No. 3 to the 2009/2010 edition of the Instructions, further restrictions have been placed on the

classification of Division 1.4S explosives. See below:

* **

* **

****

1.4

****

1.5

****

1.6

* **


36/487


2;1.4.2.1 Certain Division 1.4S explosives, identified by Special Provision A165 in Table 3-1, are subject to Test

Series 6 (d) of Part I of the UN Manual of Tests and Criteria (see ST/SG/AC.10/36/Add.2) to demonstrate that any

hazardous effects arising from functioning are confined within the package. Evidence of a hazardous effect outside

the package includes:

a) denting or perforation of the witness plate beneath the package;

b) a flash or flame capable of igniting such as a sheet of 80 ± 3 g/m² paper at a distance of 25 cm from the

package;

c) disruption of the package causing projection of the explosives contents; or

d) a projection which passes completely through the packaging (a projection or fragment retained or stuck in the

wall of the packaging is considered as non hazardous).

The appropriate national authority may wish to take into account the expected effect of the initiator when assessing

the results of the test, if these are expected to be significant when compared to the articles being tested. If there are

hazardous effects outside the package, then the product is excluded from Compatibility Group S.

Note.— Classification of all new explosives must be approved by the appropriate authority of the State of

manufacture and is based on the type of explosive substance, its explosive effect and the manner in which the material

is packaged. (2;1.5.1 and 2;1.5.2)

Following the classification of an explosive substance or article the information in Table 3-1 will indicate if it is eligible for

transport by air. Most are not.

Note.— See Part 3 of the Instructions for a detailed explanation of the use of the dangerous goods list Table 3-1

and Unit 3 of this manual, Use of the Dangerous Goods List—Table 3-1, for related training material.

Class 2 — Gases — Part 2;2

This class is divided into three divisions: Divisions 2.1 to 2.3.


37/487



DIVISION 2.1

Flammable gases

DIVISION 2.2

Non-flammable, non-toxic gases

DIVISION 2.3

Toxic gases

DESCRIPTION

Any gas which, when mixed with air

in certain proportions, forms a

flammable mixture, e.g. butane,

hydrogen or refrigerated liquefied

gas. (2;2.2.1 a))

Any non-flammable, non-toxic

compressed gas, e.g. carbon

dioxide, liquid nitrogen. (2;2.2.1 b))

Most toxic gases are forbidden for

carriage by air.

(Note.— Gases meeting the

above criteria owing to their

corrosivity are to be classified as

toxic with a subsidiary corrosive

risk.) (2;2.2.1 c))

LABELS

PACKING GROUP

No packing group is assigned to Class 2 gases.

EXERCISE 2-2

Referring to Paragraphs 2;2.1 to 2;2.5 of the Instructions, answer the following questions:

In the following four (4) spaces list the four possible physical states of Class 2 gases.

1.

2.

3.

*

2

2


38/487


4.

5. State whether the following meets the definition of

Class 2. Explain your answer.

Empty, uncleaned cylinder of nitrogen compressed

with an actual pressure at 20ºC of 150 kPa.


Class 3 — Flammable liquids — Part 2;3

CLASS 3

Flammable liquids

DESCRIPTION

Liquids having a closed-cup flash point of 60°C or below or a flash point not more than 65.6°C in an open-cup test,

e.g. gasoline, paint and alcohol. (2;3.1)

LABEL

PACKING GROUP

Criteria for determining the packing group for Class 3 are found in 2;3.2.

Once a liquid has been determined to be flammable by definition, it is assigned a packing group based on both its flash

point and initial boiling point. The criteria for assigning packing groups to a flammable liquid are outlined in Table 2-4.

The criteria for placing viscous substances, with a flash point ≤ 23 °C, in Packing Group III are outlined in 2;3.2.2 and

2;3.2.3.

EXERCISE 2-3

Referring to Part 2;3 answer the following questions:

1. What is the packing group for a liquid with a flash point

60°C and an initial boiling point 125°C?



*


39/487





4. When assigning a packing group to a Class 3

flammable liquid what two things are taken into

consideration?


Class 4 — Flammable solids; substances liable to spontaneous combustion;

substances which, on contact with water, emit flammable gases — Part 2;4

This class is divided into three divisions: Divisions 4.1 to 4.3.

DIVISION 4.1

Flammable solids, self-reactive

and related substances and

desensitized explosives

DIVISION 4.2

Substances liable to spontaneous

combustion

DIVISION 4.3

Substances which, in contact with

water, emit flammable gases

DESCRIPTION

Solids which, under conditions

encountered in transport, are readily

combustible or may cause or

contribute to fire through friction;

self-reactive substances* which are

liable to undergo a strongly

exothermic reaction even without the

presence of Oxygen; desensitized

explosives** which may explode if

not diluted sufficiently, e.g. matches,

nitronaphtalene and self-reactivesubstances. (2;4.1.1 a))

Substances which are liable to

spontaneous heating under normal

conditions encountered in transport,

or to heating up in contact with air,

and being then liable to catch fire,

e.g. white or yellow phosphorus,

unstabilized fish meal. (2;4.1.1 b))

Substances where, by interaction

with water, spontaneous ignition may

take place or which give off

flammable gases at a rate greater

than 1 L/kg of the substance per

hour, e.g. calcium carbide, sodium.

(These substances are often

described as “water-reactive”.)

(2;4.1.1 c))

LABELS

PACKING GROUP

Criteria for determining the packing

group for Division 4.1 are found in

2;4.2.2.3.



2;4.3.3.



2;4.4.3.

*

All self-reactive substances of Division 4.1 are assigned to one of twenty generic entries in accordance with the

classification principles and flow chart described in the UN Recommendations, 2.4.2.3.3. (Addendum No. 3 to the

2009/2010 edition of the Instructions Part 2 Introductory Chapter 3.3)

*

*

*


40/487


** Certain substances are desensitized by water or other liquids to eliminate their explosive hazard. Such is the case

with ammonium picrate. As UN 0004 it is a Division 1.1 explosive, and as UN 1310 it is a Division 4.1. The

difference between the two classifications is based on the amount of water present, which affects the nature of the

hazard.

See Table 2-6 of the Instructions for a list of currently assigned self-reactive substances in packages. Only the listed

substances are permitted for transport, however some are forbidden for air transport. Classification of self-reactive

substances not listed in Table 2-6 and assignment to a generic entry must be made by the appropriate authority of the

State of origin on the basis of a test report. Only after approval are these substances permitted for transport. In most

cases a copy of the statement of approval must accompany the shipment.

Division 4.2 includes two substances:

2;4.3.1.1

a) pyrophoric substances: substances, including mixtures and solutions (liquid or solid), which even in small

quantities ignite within 5 minutes of coming into contact with air. These substances are the most liable to

spontaneous combustion and are called pyrophoric substances; and

b) self-heating substances: other substances which in contact with air without energy supply are liable to self-

heating. These substances will ignite only when in large amounts (kilograms) and after long periods of time

(hours or days) and are called self-heating substances.

Pyrophoric liquids and solids must be assigned to Packing Group I.

Self-heating substances must be assigned to Packing Group II or III depending on the test results.

Division 4.3 substances

Certain substances in contact with water emit flammable gases which can form explosive mixtures with air. Such

mixtures are easily ignited by all ordinary sources of ignition, for example, naked lights, sparking hand tools or

unprotected light bulbs. The resulting blast wave and flames may endanger people and the environment. (2;4.4.1.2)

Class 5 — Oxidizing substances and organic peroxides — Part 2;5

This class is divided into two divisions: Division 5.1 and 5.2.

DIVISION 5.1

Oxidizing Substances

DIVISION 5.2

Organic Peroxides

DESCRIPTION

Substances which, in themselves are not necessarily

combustible, may generally, by yielding oxygen, cause or

contribute to the combustion of other material. Such

substances may be contained in an article. e.g.

ammonium nitrate fertilizer, calcium chlorate.

(2;5.1 a))

Organic substances which contain the bivalent —0—0—

structure and may be considered derivatives of hydrogen

peroxide, where one or both of the hydrogen atoms have

been replaced by organic radicals. Organic peroxides

are thermally unstable substances, which may undergo

exothermic, self-accelerating decomposition. In addition,

they may have one or more of the following properties:

i) be liable to explosive decomposition;

ii) burn rapidly;

iii) be sensitive to impact or friction;


41/487



iv) react dangerously with other substances;

v) cause damage to the eyes.

(2;5.1 b))

LABELS

PACKING GROUP

Criteria for determining the packing group for Division 5.1

Oxidizing Solids are found in 2;5.2.2.1.4.

Organic peroxides do not have packing groups assigned,

but, unless otherwise provided in these Instructions, the

packaging used for substances of Division 5.2 must meet

Packing Group II requirements. (4;7.1)

All organic peroxides of Division 5.2 are assigned to one of twenty generic entries in accordance with the

classification principles and flow chart described in the UN Recommendations, 2.5.3.3. (Addendum No. 3 to the

2009/2010 edition of the Instructions Part 2 Introductory Chapter 3.4)

See Paragraph 2;5.3.2.4 of the Instructions for the list of currently assigned organic peroxides. Only the listed

substances are permitted for transport however some are forbidden for air transport. The classification of organic

peroxides not listed in 2;5.3.2.4 must be made by the appropriate authority of the State of Origin on the basis of a test

report.

Note.— Most Division 5.2 substances will react dangerously with a wide variety of other substances. For these

reasons, many organic peroxides may be carried only when desensitized by organic liquids or solids, inorganic solids or

water. The purpose is to reduce the sensitivity of the substance to a safe limit.

EXERCISE 2-4

Read subparagraph 2;5.1 b) and state the five properties a substance in Division 5.2 may have in addition to the

criteria outlined in the basic definition.

1.

2.

3.

5.2 5.2

5.1


42/487


4.

5.


EXERCISE 2-5

Referring to Table 2-7 determine the correct UN number for the following organic peroxides:

1. Dicumyl peroxide, 75% concentration

2. Organic peroxide, solid, sample

3. Ethyl 3,3-di-(tert-amylperoxy)butyrate, 50 % concentration, with a Diluent

type A of 35%


Class 6 — Toxic and infectious substances — Part 2;6

Note.— As Unit 8 deals specifically with the preparation, handling and transport of Division 6.2, the following is for

information only.

This class is divided into two divisions: Division 6.1 and 6.2.

DIVISION 6.1

Toxic Substances

DIVISION 6.2

Infectious Substances

DESCRIPTION

Substances liable either to cause death or injury or to

harm human health if swallowed, if inhaled or by skin

contact, e.g. arsenic, some disinfectants and most

pesticides. (2;6.1 a))

Substances known to contain, or reasonably expected to

contain, pathogens. Pathogens are defined as micro-

organisms (including bacteria, viruses, rickettsiae,

parasites, fungi) and other agents such as prions, which

can cause disease in humans or animals. (2;6.1 b))

LABELS

* 6


43/487



PACKING GROUP

Criteria for determining the packing group for

Division 6.1 are found in 2;6.2.2.

No packing group is assigned to Division 6.2, Infectious

Substances.

EXERCISE 2-6

Referring to 2;6 of the Instructions, fill in the blank with a word or words from Column III that best match each of the

definitions in Column II:

I II III

1. __________________________ are substances which are known to

contain, or are reasonably expected to contain, pathogens. Pathogens

are defined as micro-organisms (including bacteria, viruses, rickettsiae,

parasites, fungi) and other agents such as prions, which can causedisease in humans or animals.

• Cultures

• Infectious substances

• Patient specimens

• LD50 (median lethal dose) for

acute oral toxicity

2. ___________________________ are those collected directly from

humans or animals, including, but not limited to, excreta, secreta, blood

and its components, tissue and tissue fluid swabs, and body parts being

transported for purposes such as research, diagnosis, investigational

activities, and disease treatment and prevention.

3. _______________________________ is the statistically derived single

dose of a substance that can be expected to cause death within 14 days

in 50 per cent of young adult albino rats when administered by the oral

route. The LD50 value is expressed in terms of mass of test substance

per mass of test animal (mg/kg).

4. ____________________________ are the result of a process by which

pathogens are intentionally propagated. This definition does not include

patient specimens as defined in 6.3.1.4.



44/487


Class 7 — Radioactive material — Part 2;7

Note.— As Unit 9 deals specifically with the preparation, handling and transport of Class 7, the following is for

information only.

This class has no divisions, but it does have categories, an overview of which is provided below.

Radioactive material,

Category I — White


Category II — Yellow


Category III — Yellow

DESCRIPTION

Maximum radiation level at any point

on external surface not more than

0.005 mSv/h on the package

surface. No transport index indicated

(Table 5-2).


on external surface more than

0.005 mSv/h but not more than

0.5 mSv/h and a Transport Index of

more than 0 but not more than 1

(Table 5-2).


on external surface more than

0.5 mSv/h but not more than

2 mSv/h and a Transport Index of

more than 1 but not more

than 10

ORMaximum radiation level at any point

on external surface more than 2

mSv/h but not more than 10 mSv/h

and a Transport Index of more than

10 (This Category III - Yellow

radioactive material must be

transported under exclusive use and

special arrangement.

(Table 5-2).

LABELS

PACKING GROUP

No packing group specified.

CONTEN TS......................

ACTIVITY.......................

7

RADIOACTIVE

TRANSPORTINDEX

CONTEN TS.......................

ACT IVITY........................

7

RADIOACTIVERADIOACTIVEII

TRANSPORTINDEX

CONTENTS......................

ACTIVITY.......................

7


45/487



Class 8 — Corrosive substances — Part 2;8

CLASS 8

Corrosive Substances

DESCRIPTION

Substances which, by chemical action, will cause severe damage when in contact with living tissue or, in the case of

leakage, will materially damage, or even destroy, other goods or the means of transport, e.g. battery acids, mercury.

(2;8.1)

LABEL

PACKING GROUP

Criteria for determining the packing group for Class 8 are found in Paragraph 2;8.2.

Class 9 — Miscellaneous dangerous substances and articles — Part 2;9

CLASS 9

Miscellaneous dangerous substances and articles

DESCRIPTION

Substances or articles which present a danger that are not covered by the other classes. These include

environmentally hazardous substances (aquatic environment), elevated temperature substances, Genetically

Modified Micro-organisms, magnetized material and aviation regulated solids or liquids which have narcotic, noxious

or other properties such that, in the event of spillage or leakage on an aircraft, extreme annoyance or discomfort

could be caused to crew members so as to prevent the correct performance of assigned duties. This class includes

internal combustion engines, self-inflating life-saving appliances and dry ice. (2;9.1 and 2;9.2)

LABEL

PACKING GROUP

Some substances in Class 9 have been assigned to packing groups by experience rather than through application of

technical criteria. Most of these substances are assigned to Packing Group III.

**

9


46/487


EXERCISE 2-7

Listed below are characteristics for four dangerous goods. Referring to Parts 2;1 to 2;9 of the Instructions, find the

class or division into which these characteristics fall. Write the class or division number and name in the spacesprovided.

Cha

DGR Training Manual Vol 1

Documents

Transcript of DGR Training Manual Vol 1