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BIO121 INTRODUCTION TO CELL BIOLOGY
Rafida Razali
Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 What Is Biology?
Biology is the scientific study of life or living organisms.
Biologists ask questions such as:
How a single cell develops into an organism?
How the human mind works?
How living things interact in communities?
Major Branches:
Botany The scientific study of the physiology, structure,
genetics, ecology, distribution, classification, and economic importance of plants.
Zoology The scientific study of the behaviour, structure,
physiology, classification, and distribution of animals.
Ecology The branch of biology that deals with the relations of
organisms to one another and to their physical surroundings.
1.2 Branches In Biology
Genetics The study of heredity and the variation of inherited characteristics.
Microbiology The branch of science that deals with microorganisms.
Biotechnology The exploitation of biological processes for industrial and other purposes.
Taxonomy The subdisipline of identifying, naming, and classifying organisms.
Organized Structure (order)
- This close up of a
sunflower illustrates
that the highly
organized structure
that characterizes life.
1.3 Characteristics Of Life
Composed of Cells
- All organisms is made up
of the smallest structural
and functional unit called
cell. Some organisms are
made up of single cell
such as Paramecium.
Feed
- A West Indies manatee (Trichechus manatus) in Florida is feeding on water hyacinth, an introduced species.
Respire
- Human inhale in order to take the oxygen from the outside air to the cells within tissues, and exhale, giving off the carbon dioxide.
Growth and Development
- Inherited information carried by genes
controls the pattern
of growth and
development
of organisms.
Locomotion
- Animals have the ability to move as it is essential for survival such as a zebra run away from being catch by the lion.
Homeostasis
- The regulation of blood
flow through the blood
vessels of this
jackrabbit’s ears helps
maintain a constant
body temperature by
adjusting heat exchange
with the surrounding air.
Response to Surrounding
- This Venus flytrap
closed its trap rapidly
in response to the
environmental
stimulus of a
damselfly landing on the open trap.
Evolutionary Adaptation
- The appearance of this
pygmy sea horse
camouflages the animal in
its environment. Such
adaptations evolve over
many generations by the reproductive success
of those individuals with heritable traits that
are best suited to their environment.
Excrete Their Waste
- Living things excrete to remove the metabolic wastes from their body.
Reproduce
- Organisms (living things)
reproduce their own
kind. Here an emperor
penguins protect its
baby.