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World War World War

IIII

Great Depression

Dictators

• Business went broke• Banks closed• Millions of people out of work• Farmers couldn’t sell crops• Poverty spread through the world• Set perfect conditions for rise of dictators

– As they promised reforms and better lives

• Benito Mussolini Italy• General Hideki Tojo Japan• Adolf Hitler Germany Each made improvements on their country

but demand absolute power

Hitler

HATEHATE

• Germans were out of work and hungry• They were angry and ready for revenge• Hitler was leader of the Nazi party

(National Socialist)• Told Germans they were a super race who

should rule the world• Promised to return Germany to a position

of power and glory• Begins building up the German army again• Joins forces with Mussolini, and Tojo

– Axis (suggests that Europe revolved around Germany and Italy… later Japan)

• Hitler brought the people together under hate

• Drove them to hate anyone not white and Germanic

War BeginsWar Begins

• Worst hatred was directed toward the Jewish people

• Said the Jewish people were the cause of all their troubles

• Hitler begins to take small lands around Germany.

• The nations said he was wrong for doing this but they did nothing to stop him

• Signed a treaty allowing him to take more land to prevent another war from starting

• 6 months later Hitler broke the treaty and took over more land

• September 1, 1939 Hitler invaded Poland• September 3, 1939 Great Britain & France

declared war on Germany

Blitzkrieg

Next up was France

Battle of Britain

• Lightning War• Armies moved fast, using quick attacks

with planes, tanks, and troops• Method quickly takes Poland, Norway,

Denmark, Luxemburg, and Belgium

Germany along with Italy defeated the French in June 1940.

Great Britain stood alone against Hitler

o Hitler launched air attacks against the British (first major air war in history)

o Thousands of planes bombed cities and airfields

o The British, however would not be defeated

Soviet Union

• The British Royal Air Force (RAF) fought back. The skilled pilots along with speedy planes and newly developed radar fought off the German attacks.

• For nearly 8months the Germans bombed London almost every night

• By May 1941 it was clear that German bombing attacks had failed.– Germans lost more than 2600 planes– It was Germany’s first defeat in WW II

• Like Napoleon, Hitler chose June 22 as the day to attack Russia

• He expected Russia to fall in a matter of weeks to his superior force

• Russians fought bravely, – as they retreated they burned everything they

couldn’t bring with them.

• Axis moved toward Moscow but the winter began to set in– Axis troops were without winter clothing– Many froze to death– Napoleons mistake becomes Hitler’s as well

The Hate continues

The Holocaust

• Hitler forced the Jews out of their jobs• Took their businesses and property• Then made to live in special areas• 1941 announced his “final solution” to the

“Jewish problem” • Solution was genocide (attempt to kill all the

people of a certain race or religion)

• Millions of people sent to concentration camps

• Slave labor camps• Millions of men, women, children executed• Over 6 million6 million Jews died in Nazi

concentration camps. • Nazi’s also murdered millions of Russians,

Poles, Gypsies, and Slavs

The U.S. is Neutral ??

Pearl Harbor

• U.S. was neutral from 1939-1941• U.S. was sending food, arms, and raw

materials to England and Russia.

• Japan was trying to create an empire in Asia• The U.S. stood in their way telling Japan to

stay out of China• Japan feared the U.S. would eventually

attack them…. So they attacked first

December 7, 1941 December 7, 1941 • Japanese planes bombed the Pearl Japanese planes bombed the Pearl

Harbor naval base in Hawaii.Harbor naval base in Hawaii.• The surprise attack was very damaging.The surprise attack was very damaging.

– Sank or damaged 13 shipsSank or damaged 13 ships– Destroyed 130 planesDestroyed 130 planes– Killed nearly 2,500 U.S. military people/civiliansKilled nearly 2,500 U.S. military people/civilians

Russian Front

Major Turning Point

• 1942 Russian and Germany armies were locked in battle at 2 major cities– Leningrad – Stalingrad

• September 1942 German army attacked Stalingrad for 5 months. The battle went back and forth block by block in the city

• January 1943 The German army surrendered.

• With the Stalingrad victory the Russians were on the offensive pushing against the Germans

• In Africa General Dwight D Eisenhower successfully defeated Axis armies as well– Allowing them another foot hold to launch

attacks into Europe

Invasion of Europe

Victory

Known as D-Day Landing area was kept secret from most

military leaders 2a.m. June 6, 1944 Forces began to storm the

beaches of Normandy By 6a.m. more than 150,000 allied troops were

ashore Many lives were lost but the attack was

successful as they pushed the Germans back and freed France in a few months

Hitler is now forced to fight a war on two fronts

Armies surround Germany Hitler refused to surrender, 4/30/1945 killed

himself President Franklin D Roosevelt died on 4/12/45 May 7, 1945 Germany surrendered

Known as V-E day

Japan is Left

Manhattan Project

To Bomb or not to Bomb?

U.S. can now focus on defeating Japan Use the strategy of island hopping to get to

Japan Capture one island, skip heavily defended ones The battles here were very rough, Japanese would

fight to the death and not surrender

Secret government project to develop the Atomic Bomb

Advisors said using the A-bomb on Japan could save at least 250,000 American lives & millions of Japanese lives

It would also prevent Russia from invading Japan and claiming land for Russia

Hiroshima

Nagasaki

Cost of World War II

President Truman sent the message “surrender or be destroyed”

August 6, 1945 dropped the bomb on Hiroshima killing 130,000 people

August 9, 1945 dropped the bomb on Nagasaki killing 75,000 people

August 15, 1945 Japan SurrenderedAugust 15, 1945 Japan Surrendered

50 million DEAD50 million DEADAll of Europe in rubbleAll of Europe in rubbleConcentration victims left homeless Concentration victims left homeless

and wandering and wandering A long road of rebuilding lies aheadA long road of rebuilding lies ahead

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