Dewi Luwes for nama Indonesia july 2012
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Transcript of Dewi Luwes for nama Indonesia july 2012
Developing Local Action Plans
for land-based NAMA in
Indonesia with LUWES
Sonya Dewi
REL and multiple schemes of
emission reduction
Unilateral emission reduction – land-based NAMA Internationally supported emission reduction – REDD+
C-trade emission transfer
Net emissions from Indonesia
26%
Reference Emission
Level
15%
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
1990 2000 2010 2020
Gt/
y
Presidential Decree 61/2011 • Action plan to direct and indirect activities to reduce
GHG emission appropriate to national development
target -> regional development target
• Guideline for Ministry/Institution in planning,
implementing, monitoring and evaluation
• Guideline for local government in setting up GHG
regional action plan (RAD-GRK)
• Guideline for community and private sectors in planning
and implementing emission reduction.
National Action Plan in reducing
GHG (RAN-GRK) (26% target)
NAMA to LAMA
• Strategy, program at the national level, implementation at subnational level
• Local contexts: needs, constraints, challenges, opportunities
• Fair and efficient: bottom up approach
• Integration between development and mitigation-adaptation
• BAU scenario to set REL
• Payment distribution, funding mechanism
• Planning capacity + authority -> accountability
• Nested system, including MRV
Developing Provincial/District land-based
Action Plan (RAD-GRK)
1. Identification and quantification of sources and drivers
of land-based emission
2. Identification of potential of emission reduction and low
hanging fruit
3. Development of baseline scenarios of land use-land
use changes, and Reference Emission Level
4. List of GHG Emission Reduction Action Plan (core and
supporting activities)
5. Priority of proposed action plan
6. Identification of institutional setting, sources of funding,
measuring and monitoring activities for province action
plan, which is an aggregate of district action plans
Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Okt Nov
RAD-GRK development Team Building Kick off meeting Data Collection BAU Baseline Calculation Submission of the Action Plan Determining priority Determining emission reduction target Developing implementation strategies Governor draft of Action Plan Meeting / Workshop : milestone
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Government Agenda in Setting Up
Province Action Plan (RAD-GRK) 2012
8
Prioritization of GHG emission reduction activities from National Action Plan
Province may propose subset of activities as those outlined in the National Action Plan (what), with details of “where and how much” and “how”
Identification of development program/activities in regional strategies document (Renstra), regional development plan (RPJMD), regional budgeting (APBD), and vision of governor.
Propose new appropriate activities from public institution, private, and any other communities, also with the details of “where, how much and how”
Guidelines in Setting up
Province/District Action Plan
How LUWES tool supports
province/district action planning?
• Concrete action planning
• Away from project-to-project approach
• Integrated landscape approach
• What-if scenarios -> integrated decision making
• Trade-off analysis: emission reduction vs …
• Simple; capacity building is feasible
• Negotiation platform
• Bridging top-down and bottom-up -> refinement, feed back loop
• Integrated multiple schemes
• Green investment tools
LUWES in 6 steps
• Step 1: Integration of current socio-economic conditions,
development and spatial planning, tenure regime,
biophysical and functional zones to identify planning
units (multistakeholder discussions, spatial analysis)
• Step 2: Estimation of Historical Land Use and Land Use
Changes and their consequences to historic emission,
(spatial analyses, C-stock appraisal, emission factor
estimation)
LUWES in 6 steps
• Step 3: Baseline Scenario development of LULUC and
estimation of Reference Levels of Emissions
(stakeholder discussions, modelling Land use/cover
changes)
• Step 4: Scenarios of emission reduction and
projected emissions (ex-ante appraisal based on
projected land use/cover)
• Step 5: Trade-off analysis, scenario selection (ex-ante
appraisal of opportunity cost vs reduced emissions,
negotiation process of multiple stakeholders)
• Step 6: Formulation of action plans including necessary
instruments to implement the plans (multiple stakeholder
process led by the local governments)
CASE STUDY: MERANGIN,
JAMBI
Merangin watershed
•Multistakeholder discussions,
•Data compilation,
•Spatial analysis
Step 1 Integration of current socio-
economic conditions, development
and spatial planning, functional
zones to identify planning units
Analysis,
discussions
with
stakeholders
Planning Units
Planning Units
• Spatial analyses
• C-stock appraisal and emission factor
estimation
• Historic emission estimation using ABACUS
Step 2 Estimation of Historical Land Use
Changes and their consequences to
Multiple Environmental Services (carbon
storage, watershed function,
biodiversity)
Land use/cover maps:1990-2010
∆C Landscape
Emission
Factor
Activity
Data
Annual changes
in C-stocks in
the landscape
(ton C yr-1)
ACTIVITY DATA
Area of changes
between each
pairwise of
landcover types
(ha y-1)
Changes in
time-averaged
C-stock
between each
pairwise of
landcover types
(ton C ha-1y-1)
Stock-difference to estimate
emissions
ID Land cover C-stock (ton/ha)
1 Undisturbed Forest 261.52
2 Logged over forest-high density 192.81
3 Logged over forest-low density 129.97
4 Timber Plantation 58
5 Agroforest 62.87
6 Estate 46.28
7 Shrub 43
8 Cropland 5.245
9 Grass 3.35
10 Bareland 3.35
11 Settlement 4.14
Carbon Density Maps of Batang
Merangin Watershed
• Total historic emissions
• Emission shares of each
planning unit
• Emission shares of each
land use changes and drivers
• Stakeholder discussions
• Choices of linear projection, adjusted historic,
forward looking scenarios
• Projection can be done using ABACUS through:
o driver modelling (spatially and non-spatially
explicit),
o existing land use and development plan
o or applying historic rate of changes
Step 3 Baseline Scenario development of
LULCC and estimation of Reference
Levels of ES
Planning Unit Baseline scenario: Historical Projection
Baseline scenario: Forward Looking
Protected Forest Retain the rate of changes in 2005 to 2010
Retain the rate of changes in 2005 to 2010
Protection Forest Retain the rate of changes in 2005 to 2010
Retain the rate of changes in 2005 to 2010
Production Forest, non-permit
Retain the rate of changes in 2005 to 2010
Retain the rate of changes in 2005 to 2010
Production Forest, HTI
Retain the rate of changes in 2005 to 2010
Clear cut ALL and plant mono tree in the next five years
Production Forest, HPH
Retain the rate of changes in 2005 to 2010
Logging in the next 10-15 years caused forest degradation
Baseline Scenarios
Planning Unit Baseline Scenario: Historical Projection
Baseline Scenario: Forward Looking
Production Forest, Hutan Desa/HTR
Retain the rate of changes in 2005 to 2010
planting mono/Mixed tree(50:50) in low stock, low economical value
APL, permit Retain the rate of changes in 2005 to 2010
Clear cut and plant mono tree in the next ten years
APL, non-permit, downstream
Retain the rate of changes in 2005 to 2010
Retain the rate of changes in 2005 to 2010
APL, non-permit, upstream, crop suit
Retain the rate of changes in 2005 to 2010
Clear cut and plant crop (increase the rates significantly from previous TPM)
APL, non-permit, upstream, tree suit
Retain the rate of changes in 2005 to 2010
Retain the rate of changes in 2005 to 2010
Baseline Scenarios (cont’d)
15
17
19
21
23
25
27
29
2005-2010 2010-2015 2015-2020 2020-2025 2025-2030
Cu
mm
ula
tive n
et-
em
issio
n (
ton
CO
2-
eq
/ha)
Historical Projection Forward looking
To be negotiated,
Under REL
guideline
Projected emissions based on BAU Scenarios
• Stakeholders discussions on emission
reduction scenarios for each planning unit
• ex-ante ES appraisal based on projected land
use/cover using ABACUS
• cost-benefit analysis using ABACUS
• other valuation – multiplier effects
Step 4 Emission reduction scenario
development, estimation of ex-ante
emissions and trade-offs
Planning Unit Scenario1: REDD+Moratorium Scenario2: REALU
Protected Forest
Reduce deforestation to half from 2005_2010 in LOF, to zero in UF, rehabilitate 10% of non forest
Reduce deforestation to half from 2005_2010 in LOF, to zero in UF, rehabilitate 10% of non forest, log low to high, high to UF 10%
Protection Forest
Reduce deforestation to half from 2005_2010 in LOF, to zero in UF, rehabilitate 10% of non forest
Reduce deforestation to half from 2005_2010 in LOF, to zero in UF, rehabilitate 10% of non forest
Production Forest, non-permit
Reduce deforestation to half from 2005_2010 in LOF, to zero in UF, rehabilitate 10% of non forest
Reduce deforestation to half from 2005_2010 in LOF, to zero in UF, rehabilitate 10% of non forest
Production Forest, HTI
Stop clear cut, only planting to mono tree Stop clear cut, only planting
Production Forest, HPH
Logging in the next 10-15 years (only LOF HD, LOF HD to LOF LD, LOF LD to Shrub)
Logging in the next 10-15 years (only LOF HD, LOF HD to LOF LD)
Emission Reduction Scenarios
Planning Unit Scenario3: REDD+Moratorium Scenario4: REALU
Production Forest, Hutan Desa/HTR
Logging in the next 10-15 years (only LOF HD to LOF LD), planting mono tree in low stock
Logging in the next 10-15 years (only LOF HD to LOF LD), planting mono tree in low stock
APL, permit Clear cut and plant mono tree in the next five years
Clear cut (except UF) and plant mono tree in the next five years
APL, non-permit, downstream
Retain the rate of changes in 2005 to 2010
Halt conversion from UF, uneconomical land use to economical with higher C_stock
APL, non-permit, upstream, crop suit
Clear cut and plant crop land (increase the rates significantly from rates of the previous period)
Halt conversion from UF, uneconomical land use to economical crop with higher C_stock
APL, non-permit, upstream, tree suit
Retain the rate of changes in 2005 to 2010
Halt conversion from UF, uneconomical land use to tree-based economical with higher C_stock
APL, non-permit, upstream, not suit
Retain the rate of changes in 2005 to 2010
Halt conversion from UF, uneconomical land use to reforestation
Emission Reduction Scenarios
15
17
19
21
23
25
27
29
2005-2010 2010-2015 2015-2020 2020-2025 2025-2030
Cu
mm
ula
tive n
et-
em
issio
n (
ton
CO
2-
eq
/ha)
Historical Projection Forward looking REDD REALU
Assumed as Agreed
REL
Ex-ante emission based on Scenarios
Em
issio
n R
ed
uctio
n?
• negotiation process of multiple stakeholders
Step 5 Trade-off analysis, strategy
development
ID Land cover NPV ($/ha)
1 Undisturbed Forest 0.00
2 Logged over forest-high density 0.00
3 Logged over forest-low density 0.00
4 Timber Plantation 4392.33
5 Agroforest 1040.00
6 Estate 4948.67
7 Shrub 0.00
8 Cropland 25418.00
9 Grass 0.00
10 Bareland 0.00
11 Settlement 5787.00
Abatement cost curve 2005-2010
-5000
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
Historical Projection
REDD+ REALU
Ave
rag
e n
um
be
r o
f p
eo
ple
/ye
ar
Labor
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
Historical Projection
REDD+ REALU
Cu
mu
lati
ve
($
/ha
)
Opportunity Cost
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Historical Projection
REDD+ REALU
Cu
mu
lati
ve
(tC
O2
-eq
) Emission Reduction
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Historical Projection
REDD+ REALU
Cu
mu
lati
ve
($
/tC
O2
-eq
)
OppCost/Emission Reduction
• multiple stakeholder process led by the local
governments
Step 6 Formulation of action plans including
necessary instruments to implement the
plans
Planning Unit Emission reduction
activities
Potential
emission
reduction
Issues Implementation strategy
Forest
Concession
(HTI)
Avoiding primary
forest conversion to
Acacia
1.63 Company Concession Suggest concession holder to
preserve primary forest and
disseminate Spatial Plan of
Plantation Concession
(Kepmenhut No. 70/KPTS-
II/95), with reference to
HCVF.
Raw material for company Restrict any uses of raw
material from primary forest
Community to open forest
area
Strengthen monitoring and
control activity in primary
forest
Preserve
smallholders
plantation from
conversion to
acacia
1.01 Limited community’s
administation document of
land tenure
Implementing MOU betwen
govenment, company, and
community on forest border
Plant acacia in
shrub and grass
area immediately
1.16 Limited company capacity to
plant acacia as soon.
Diseminate Act No. 7/ 1990
section 12
Planning Unit Emission reduction
activities
Potential
emission
reduction
Issues Implementing strategy
Oil Palm
Concession
Avoid conversion of
primary forest and high
density logged over forest
to oil palm
3.36 Concession company
(under authority of
company)
Oil palm concession holder to halt
conversion of primary and logged over
forest high density to oil palm as
company’s participation in
government’s emission reduction
program, HCVF, market-based
instrument (premium price), RSPO,
ISPO
Need of land to achieve
company’s production
target
Land swap; partnerships with local
people, intensification
Protected Forest
Management
Unit (KPHLG)
Preserve remaining forest 4.68 Community need of land in
surrounding area
Awareness raising of community on
forest management
Limited number of forest
guards
Increase the number of forest guards
under Ministry of Forestry
Plant Dyiera sp in the area 4.84 Limited understanding
(technical and marketing)
of Dyiera sp
Technical assistance to community on
Dyiera sp
Limited budget to support
Dyiera sp’s planting
material.
Involve the community on dyera sp
planting
Explore and Extent market
HP Preserve primary forest 5.08 People need to land Campaign to community on forest
management
Limited of forestry guard Propose addition of officer
Planning Unit
Emission
reduction
activities
Potential
emission
reduction
Issues Implementing strategy
Production Forest Preserve
primary forest
5.08 The need for agricultural land Awareness raising on forest management
to the community
Limited number of forest guards Increase the number of staff
Granting permit in the zone Propose to Ministry of forestry to halt
other permit in the zone
Facilitate establishment of forest
management unit
Law enforcement
Plant rubber
in non-
forested area
People preference to cultivate the land
with commodity which is lower is C
retention
Make available rubber planting material
Disseminate Production Forest
management plan to the community
Allocate land for village’s forest and other
community based forest.
Limited
Production Forest
Preserve
primary forest
5.49 Encroachment Disseminate Limited Production Forest
management plan to the community
Limited number of forest guards Increase number of staff
Mining permit within the panning unit Propose to Ministry of Forestry to halt
other permit
Facilitate establishment of forest
production management unit
law enforcement
Plant rubber
in non-
5.48 People preference to cultivate the land
with commodity which is lower is C
Promote rubber planting
Software and Tools
• LUWES (Dewi et al., 2012)
• http://ptf.com/download/redd_abacus_sp/6
170299/ (Harja et al.)
• http://www.worldagroforestry.org/af2/genri
ver_download (van Noordwijk et al.)
• IDRISI Taiga
• ArcGIS 10
• Fragstat 3
Thank you