Developments in proximal soil sensing technologies•Proximal Soil Sensing (PSS) can effectively...
Transcript of Developments in proximal soil sensing technologies•Proximal Soil Sensing (PSS) can effectively...
![Page 1: Developments in proximal soil sensing technologies•Proximal Soil Sensing (PSS) can effectively produce spatial and temporal soil information for different purposes, e.g. PA, monitoring,](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050109/5f46fd94a920c41a9c74a7c0/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Developments in proximal soil sensing
Craig Lobsey, Raphael Viscarra Rossel
18th PA Symposium - 2015
LAND AND WATER
![Page 2: Developments in proximal soil sensing technologies•Proximal Soil Sensing (PSS) can effectively produce spatial and temporal soil information for different purposes, e.g. PA, monitoring,](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050109/5f46fd94a920c41a9c74a7c0/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Outline
Developments in proximal soil sensing technologies | Craig Lobsey 2 |
• New soil measurement - Proximal Soil Sensing (PSS)
• Proximal soil sensors for PA
• Developments in soil sensing and applications
• Proximal soil sensing at CSIRO Land and Water
![Page 3: Developments in proximal soil sensing technologies•Proximal Soil Sensing (PSS) can effectively produce spatial and temporal soil information for different purposes, e.g. PA, monitoring,](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050109/5f46fd94a920c41a9c74a7c0/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
New soil measurement
Developments in proximal soil sensing technologies | Craig Lobsey 3 |
Growing demand for good quality, inexpensive (spatial and temporal) soil information - e.g. Precision Agriculture (PA)
The new measurement techniques should more efficiently (cheap, quantitative, rapid) produce spatial & temporal soil information Sensors are good options – technology rapidly improving, sensors are becoming smaller, smarter, cheaper, wireless….
![Page 4: Developments in proximal soil sensing technologies•Proximal Soil Sensing (PSS) can effectively produce spatial and temporal soil information for different purposes, e.g. PA, monitoring,](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050109/5f46fd94a920c41a9c74a7c0/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Proximal Soil Sensing (PSS)
Developments in proximal soil sensing technologies | Craig Lobsey 4 |
‘…the use of field-based sensors to obtain signals from the soil when the sensor’s detector is in contact with or close to (within 2 m) the soil…’
Viscarra Rossel & McBratney (1998) Viscarra Rossel et al. (2011)
![Page 5: Developments in proximal soil sensing technologies•Proximal Soil Sensing (PSS) can effectively produce spatial and temporal soil information for different purposes, e.g. PA, monitoring,](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050109/5f46fd94a920c41a9c74a7c0/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Proximal Soil Sensing (PSS)
Developments in proximal soil sensing technologies | Craig Lobsey 5 |
‘…the use of field-based sensors to obtain signals from the soil when the sensor’s detector is in contact with or close to (within 2 m) the soil…’
Viscarra Rossel & McBratney (1998) Viscarra Rossel et al. (2011)
Advantages • Cheaper, many more measurements • Less effort • Quantitative • Multiple sensors • Timely, real time, monitoring • Field-conditions
![Page 6: Developments in proximal soil sensing technologies•Proximal Soil Sensing (PSS) can effectively produce spatial and temporal soil information for different purposes, e.g. PA, monitoring,](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050109/5f46fd94a920c41a9c74a7c0/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Proximal Soil Sensing (PSS)
Developments in proximal soil sensing technologies | Craig Lobsey 6 |
‘…the use of field-based sensors to obtain signals from the soil when the sensor’s detector is in contact with or close to (within 2 m) the soil…’
Viscarra Rossel & McBratney (1998) Viscarra Rossel et al. (2011)
Advantages • Cheaper, many more measurements • Less effort • Quantitative • Multiple sensors • Timely, real time, monitoring • Field-conditions
…however ● Can be less precise ● Can have large initial
cost ● Many are still research
phase ● Specificity
![Page 7: Developments in proximal soil sensing technologies•Proximal Soil Sensing (PSS) can effectively produce spatial and temporal soil information for different purposes, e.g. PA, monitoring,](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050109/5f46fd94a920c41a9c74a7c0/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Operational Proximal Soil Sensing
Developments in proximal soil sensing technologies | Craig Lobsey 7 |
![Page 8: Developments in proximal soil sensing technologies•Proximal Soil Sensing (PSS) can effectively produce spatial and temporal soil information for different purposes, e.g. PA, monitoring,](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050109/5f46fd94a920c41a9c74a7c0/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
PSS techniques
Developments in proximal soil sensing technologies | Craig Lobsey 8 |
➔ Non-invasive
➔ Active
➔ Mobile
➔ Indirect
EMI (e.g. EM38, DUALEM)
Gamma Radiometrics (e.g. RS700)
➔ Non-invasive
➔ Passive
➔ Mobile
➔ Indirect
Optical, EC, Ech (Veris MSP)
source: veristech.com
➔ Invasive(in-situ / ex-situ)
➔ Active
➔ Mobile
➔ Indirect / Direct (pH)
![Page 9: Developments in proximal soil sensing technologies•Proximal Soil Sensing (PSS) can effectively produce spatial and temporal soil information for different purposes, e.g. PA, monitoring,](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050109/5f46fd94a920c41a9c74a7c0/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Developments in proximal soil sensing technologies | Craig Lobsey 9 |
Viscarra Rossel et al. (2011)
![Page 10: Developments in proximal soil sensing technologies•Proximal Soil Sensing (PSS) can effectively produce spatial and temporal soil information for different purposes, e.g. PA, monitoring,](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050109/5f46fd94a920c41a9c74a7c0/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Limitations
Developments in proximal soil sensing technologies | Craig Lobsey 10 |
PSS measurements are typically indirect
We require sensors that can directly measure key soil attributes of agronomic use (e.g. plant available nutrients, lime requirement, available water…)
…. and measure these properties at depth (e.g. rooting depth)
![Page 11: Developments in proximal soil sensing technologies•Proximal Soil Sensing (PSS) can effectively produce spatial and temporal soil information for different purposes, e.g. PA, monitoring,](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050109/5f46fd94a920c41a9c74a7c0/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Newer developments - nutrient sensing
Developments in proximal soil sensing technologies | Craig Lobsey 11 |
“Field Nutrient Sensor™” (FNS™)
No-Wait Nitrate™
Mobile on-site NO3-
analysis - UV
360 SOILSCANTM
Mobile on-site NO3-
analysis - Ech
Electrochemical nutrient sensing
project funded by GRDC up to
research prototype stage
![Page 12: Developments in proximal soil sensing technologies•Proximal Soil Sensing (PSS) can effectively produce spatial and temporal soil information for different purposes, e.g. PA, monitoring,](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050109/5f46fd94a920c41a9c74a7c0/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Soil sensing @ CSIRO Land and Water
Developments in proximal soil sensing technologies | Craig Lobsey 12 |
Developing the Soil Condition ANalysis System (SCANS) - an approach to overcome the difficulties of measuring soil properties to depth (root zone) Geostatistics - mapping and baselining soil carbon stocks
![Page 13: Developments in proximal soil sensing technologies•Proximal Soil Sensing (PSS) can effectively produce spatial and temporal soil information for different purposes, e.g. PA, monitoring,](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050109/5f46fd94a920c41a9c74a7c0/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Soil Condition ANalysis System (SCANS)
Developments in proximal soil sensing technologies | Craig Lobsey 13 |
• Field deployable scanning system • Analyse PVC lined cores from the Geoprobe®
1) Active gamma-ray attenuation Sensor (0.662 MeV)
2) Vis-NIR spectrometer
3) Camera 137Cs
NaI
![Page 14: Developments in proximal soil sensing technologies•Proximal Soil Sensing (PSS) can effectively produce spatial and temporal soil information for different purposes, e.g. PA, monitoring,](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050109/5f46fd94a920c41a9c74a7c0/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Developments in proximal soil sensing technologies | Craig Lobsey 14 |
Soil Condition ANalysis System (SCANS)
Soil cores analysed by the SCANS are at field condition (wet and heterogeneous)
![Page 15: Developments in proximal soil sensing technologies•Proximal Soil Sensing (PSS) can effectively produce spatial and temporal soil information for different purposes, e.g. PA, monitoring,](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050109/5f46fd94a920c41a9c74a7c0/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
SCANS carbon stock measurement
Developments in proximal soil sensing technologies | Craig Lobsey 15 |
C fractions + Clay content
+ CEC + ….
![Page 16: Developments in proximal soil sensing technologies•Proximal Soil Sensing (PSS) can effectively produce spatial and temporal soil information for different purposes, e.g. PA, monitoring,](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050109/5f46fd94a920c41a9c74a7c0/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Summary
Developments in proximal soil sensing technologies | Craig Lobsey 16 |
• Proximal Soil Sensing (PSS) can effectively produce spatial and
temporal soil information for different purposes, e.g. PA,
monitoring, modelling, etc.
• Further development of sensing techniques is needed - more
direct analysis of key properties directly related to production
and that are able to measure in the root zone – e.g. nutrient
status
• We need to develop PSS to allow collection of different
properties that define the condition and function of soil
![Page 17: Developments in proximal soil sensing technologies•Proximal Soil Sensing (PSS) can effectively produce spatial and temporal soil information for different purposes, e.g. PA, monitoring,](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050109/5f46fd94a920c41a9c74a7c0/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Land and Water Craig Lobsey Postdoctoral fellow
t +61 2 6246 5634 e [email protected] w www.csiro.au/clw
LAND AND WATER
Thank you Acknowledgements Our project falls under the National Soil Carbon Program,
which is supported by funding from the Australian Government Department of Agriculture.
We thank them for their organisation and support.