Developmentof new sorghumideotypesto meet the increasing … · 2015. 5. 29. · Developmentof new...
Transcript of Developmentof new sorghumideotypesto meet the increasing … · 2015. 5. 29. · Developmentof new...
Development of new sorghum ideotypes to meet the
increasing demand of bioethanolg f
S Braconnier G Trouche S GutjahrS. Braconnier, G. Trouche, S. Gutjahr, D. Luquet, M. Dingkhun
CIMAC Conference, Hohenheim University - Stuttgart, 7-9 February 2011
International Conference on Crop Improvement, Ideotyping and Modeling for African Cropping Systems under Climate Change (CIMAC), 2011/02/07-09, Stuttgart-Hohenheim, Germany
Context
Global oil production is rapidly approaching its peak
h // ild li /http://www.oildecline.com/
Actual CO2 atmospheric concentration = 381.2 ppm(WMO source)
Oil is now being consumed four times faster than it is
being discovered, and the situation is becoming critical.
It is urgent to find alternative and sustainable energies100 $
Crude prices last 40 years
Biofuels or agrofuels, defined as solid, liquidor gas fuels derived from biomass, are today
CIMAC Conference, Hohenheim University - Stuttgart, 7-9 February 2011
the only direct subsitute for oil on a significantscale particularly in the transport sector
Adapted from http://www.france‐inflation.com
International Conference on Crop Improvement, Ideotyping and Modeling for African Cropping Systems under Climate Change (CIMAC), 2011/02/07-09, Stuttgart-Hohenheim, Germany
Context
poorest countries will be lead to grow biofuel crops
Less arable surfaces available for food production
Increasing staple food world market prices
(good for producers, bad for urban consumers)
Instability of the staple food market
Increase of food insecurity
CIMAC Conference, Hohenheim University - Stuttgart, 7-9 February 2011
International Conference on Crop Improvement, Ideotyping and Modeling for African Cropping Systems under Climate Change (CIMAC), 2011/02/07-09, Stuttgart-Hohenheim, Germany
Which plant for producting bio ethanol ?
In the tropics In temperate areaIn the tropics In temperate area
Sugar Cane Mayze
Sweet SorghumSorghum
CIMAC Conference, Hohenheim University - Stuttgart, 7-9 February 2011
+ almost any staple food crops + sugar beet and other promising biomass crops(switchgrass, miscanthus, alfalfa…)
International Conference on Crop Improvement, Ideotyping and Modeling for African Cropping Systems under Climate Change (CIMAC), 2011/02/07-09, Stuttgart-Hohenheim, Germany
Why producing ethanol from sorghum ?
Temperate zoneTropical zone Temperate zone
PropagationCuttings seeds Intrant needs
sorghum < < maize
vsSorghum MaizeTropical zone Sweet sorghum
Sugar cane vs
Water requirement1/3 less than maize
Water requirements36 000 m3 8000 m3
g
Length of cycle12‐16 months 4‐5 months
Nitrogen Use Efficiencysorghum > > maize
36 000 m3 8000 m3
Adaptation to dry environmentssorghum > > maizeAdaptation to marginal soils
Adaptation to dry zonesIrrigation yes
Grain production 0 << up to 6T / ha (2 cycles)
(stay green)p gcane < < sorghum
Hudge potential of improvement and adaptationR t f i t
Adaptation to marginal soilssorghum > > maize
iEthanol production (l ha‐1)6500 5600 (2 cycles)
Uses Fuel Food, Feed, Fuel
Respect of environmentDevelopment of rural zonesLow competition with food cropBetter sustainability of the production system
Biomasssorghum maize(25 to 40T DM ha‐1)
CIMAC Conference, Hohenheim University - Stuttgart, 7-9 February 2011
ADVANTAGE SORGHUM
International Conference on Crop Improvement, Ideotyping and Modeling for African Cropping Systems under Climate Change (CIMAC), 2011/02/07-09, Stuttgart-Hohenheim, Germany
What is the bottleneck for sorghum development ?
A diff t th l k f i ti d t d t thSWEETFUEL projectSweet FuelSweet Fuel
Among different reasons, the lack of varieties adapted to the different environments was identified as the main bottleneck
Development of a FP7 project: SWEETFUEL S t F lS t F l
Overall objective: development of ethanol production from sweet sorghum in temperate and
Development of a FP7 project: SWEETFUELSweet sorghum: an alternative energy crop
Sweet FuelSweet Fuel
tropical area through genetic enhancement and improvement of harvestand cultural practices.
Scientific consortium: 10 partners from 7 countries and 3 continents
Cirad, Icrisat, Embrapa, KWS, Ifeu, UniBO, UCSC, ARC‐GCI, UANL, WIP
Target area: temperate and tropical area (particularly semi arid tropics)
Duration: 5 years (01/2009 – 12/2013)
CIMAC Conference, Hohenheim University - Stuttgart, 7-9 February 2011
Budget: 5 millions € including 3 millions contribution from EC
International Conference on Crop Improvement, Ideotyping and Modeling for African Cropping Systems under Climate Change (CIMAC), 2011/02/07-09, Stuttgart-Hohenheim, Germany
Sweet FuelSweet Fuel Definition of the new sorghum ideotypes
Temperate area EtOH 2e generation
Centralized system
New sorghum ideotype « Biomass » sorghum (sweet or not, with or without grains)
Essential traits
Hi h bi d ti ith d lit d h itHigh biomass production with a good quality and homogeneity(low lignin content = bmr trait and good digestibility)
Adaptation to low temperature to enlarge sowing(and thus harvesting) window(and thus harvesting) window
Drougth tolerant / high WUE
Photosensitivity for increasing cycle duration
CIMAC Conference, Hohenheim University - Stuttgart, 7-9 February 2011
otose s t ty o c eas g cyc e du at o
International Conference on Crop Improvement, Ideotyping and Modeling for African Cropping Systems under Climate Change (CIMAC), 2011/02/07-09, Stuttgart-Hohenheim, Germany
Sweet FuelSweet Fuel Develoment of new sorghum ideotypes
Temperate area
10
12
Durra Asia Africa
106 accessions
35
40
Durra Asia AfricaIS 21991 (bmr8)
Temperate area
6
8
10
ADL/NDF
C & CB China
C photo‐insensible
K & INT SA
Guinea SA 15
20
25
30
INNDFD
C & CB China
C photo‐insensibleK & INT SA
Guinea SA
0
2
4
A Guinea SA
Bicolor Africa
MV
0
5
10
15 Bicolor Africa
MVbmr
0 100 200 300 400
Poids sec moyen tige principale (g)
0 100 200 300 400
Poids sec moyen tige principale (g)
(Source: Grassbiofuel project / 2009 report)
Mean dry weight of main stem (g)Mean dry weight of main stem (g)
Possible combination of + high stalk biomass+ low lignin content+ good digestility of fibres
CIMAC Conference, Hohenheim University - Stuttgart, 7-9 February 2011
International Conference on Crop Improvement, Ideotyping and Modeling for African Cropping Systems under Climate Change (CIMAC), 2011/02/07-09, Stuttgart-Hohenheim, Germany
Sweet FuelSweet Fuel Development of new sorghum ideotypes
T i l EtOH 1st generation Centralized systemTropical area EtOH 1st generation
+ anticipation 2nd G
Centralized system
Decentralized system
In Brazil Obj ti l t d ti
Target ideotype Triple purpose sorghum: sugar + biomass + (grains)
In BrazilCentralized system
Objective: complement sugar cane production (conversion of 20% of sugar cane fields intosweet sorghum ± 1.5 millions ha)
g yp p p p g g (g )
Juicy, sugar‐°Brix%, Al toxicity tolerant,
P deficiency tolerant, bmr, biomassEssential traits
Decentralized system Objective: develop production systems to provide village or cooperative with food and fuel
Target ideotype Triple purpose sorghum: grain + sugar + biomass
Grain yield, juicy, sugar‐°Brix%, Al toxicity tolerant,
P d fi i t l t b biEssential traits
CIMAC Conference, Hohenheim University - Stuttgart, 7-9 February 2011
P deficiency tolerant, bmr, biomass
International Conference on Crop Improvement, Ideotyping and Modeling for African Cropping Systems under Climate Change (CIMAC), 2011/02/07-09, Stuttgart-Hohenheim, Germany
Sweet FuelSweet Fuel Development of new sorghum ideotypes
y = 0 8502x + 11 47250
46 lines
25marga
106 accessions
y = 0.8502x + 11.472R² = 0.0267
20
30
40
ass(t ha‐1)
10
15
20
°Brix%
marga
durra Asia‐AfricaC&B China
C photo‐insens
0
10
20
10 12 14 16 18 20
Stalkbiom
a
0
5
10
0 200 400 600 800
Kafir & Int SA
Guinea SA
10 12 14 16 18 20°Brix% at maturity
(source Nataima Colombia 2007)(source Grassbiofuel 2008)
0 200 400 600 800
Poids jus par tige (g)Juice weight per stalk (g)
Possible combination °Brix% + juice°Brix% + stalks biomass
CIMAC Conference, Hohenheim University - Stuttgart, 7-9 February 2011
International Conference on Crop Improvement, Ideotyping and Modeling for African Cropping Systems under Climate Change (CIMAC), 2011/02/07-09, Stuttgart-Hohenheim, Germany
Sweet FuelSweet Fuel Development of new sorghum ideotypes
Identification of the gene for tolerance to aluminum toxicity : AltSB
and incorporation in the best lines in EMBRAPA
CIMAC Conference, Hohenheim University - Stuttgart, 7-9 February 2011
International Conference on Crop Improvement, Ideotyping and Modeling for African Cropping Systems under Climate Change (CIMAC), 2011/02/07-09, Stuttgart-Hohenheim, Germany
Sweet FuelSweet Fuel Develoment of new sorghum ideotypes
T i l EtOH 1st generation Centralized systemTropical area EtOH 1st generation
+ anticipation 2nd G
Centralized system
Decentralized system
In India
Target ideotype: Triple purpose sorghum: grain + sugar + biomass
In India Centralized system Objective: production of ethanol through syrup
partnership with industrial sector
Juicy, sugar‐°Brix%, adaptation to rainy and post rainyseasons, stay green, grain yield, bmr, biomass,
Essential traits
Decentralized system Objective: develop syrup production systems to provide village or cooperative with additional income
Target ideotype Triple purpose sorghum: grain + sugar + biomass
Grain yield, juicy, sugar‐°Brix%, adaptation to seasons,stay green bmr biomass
Essential traits
CIMAC Conference, Hohenheim University - Stuttgart, 7-9 February 2011
stay green, bmr, biomass,
International Conference on Crop Improvement, Ideotyping and Modeling for African Cropping Systems under Climate Change (CIMAC), 2011/02/07-09, Stuttgart-Hohenheim, Germany
Sweet FuelSweet Fuel Development of new sorghum ideotypes
20.0Sotuba 2010 IS 2848
12.0
14.0
16.0
18.0
%
20.0
25.0 Sotuba 2010 IS 2848SSM 215IS 5867IS 10234IS 20351IS 23142IS 23254
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
°Brix%
10.0
15.0
°Brix%
IS 23254IS 4285IS 26731IS 6351IS 26833IS 8685
0.0
2.0
0.0 50.0 100.0 150.0
Fresh weight of panicule (g)0.0
5.0
With inflo without
IS 33261IS 15443IS 2814
Fresh weight of panicule (g)With inflo. without
Source: Sweetfuel project / PhD S. Gutjahr
There is a competition °Brix% / grain but also a great diversity
CIMAC Conference, Hohenheim University - Stuttgart, 7-9 February 2011
There is a competition °Brix% / grain, but also a great diversity
International Conference on Crop Improvement, Ideotyping and Modeling for African Cropping Systems under Climate Change (CIMAC), 2011/02/07-09, Stuttgart-Hohenheim, Germany
Sweet FuelSweet Fuel Development of new sorghum ideotypes
Id tifi ti f th b t li bi i d biIdentification of the best lines combining sugar and biomass
1.63 to 2.36 t ha‐1 8.25 to 72.43 t ha‐1
Identification 2 stay‐green QTL lines S 35 SG 06002 and 19‐S35 SG 06019Identification 2 stay green QTL lines S 35 SG 06002 and 19 S35 SG 06019 having °Brix% >15
CIMAC Conference, Hohenheim University - Stuttgart, 7-9 February 2011
International Conference on Crop Improvement, Ideotyping and Modeling for African Cropping Systems under Climate Change (CIMAC), 2011/02/07-09, Stuttgart-Hohenheim, Germany
Sweet FuelSweet Fuel Development of new sorghum ideotypes
Case of Haïti Target ideotype: triple purpose sorghum: grains + ethanol + fodder
ANR project
S3F for Haïti
e-da
ys)
2 0 0 0
2 5 0 0
3 0 0 0B l a n c A u gI S 1 5 4 0 1K a u r a D - 1 2S h o r t K a u r aF a r a f a r a 1 7C S 0 2 M a d a g a s c a rC G M 1 9K e n d é N b e B l aI R A T 2 0 4
a
Adapted phenology
is essential
Dur
atio
n of
PS
P (d
egre
e
5 0 0
1 0 0 0
1 5 0 0
2 0 0 0 I R A T 2 0 4S a r i a s o 1 0S o u r o u k o u k o u
Source: CIRAD/IERMali, 2002
CIMAC Conference, Hohenheim University - Stuttgart, 7-9 February 2011
S o w i n g d a t e
01 /01 /0
201 /0
2 /02
01 /03 /0
201 /0
4 /02
01 /05 /0
201 /0
6 /02
01 /07 /0
201 /0
8 /02
01 /09 /0
201 /1
0 /02
01 /11 /0
201 /1
2 /02
01 /01 /0
30
International Conference on Crop Improvement, Ideotyping and Modeling for African Cropping Systems under Climate Change (CIMAC), 2011/02/07-09, Stuttgart-Hohenheim, Germany
Sweet FuelSweet Fuel Development of a new sorghum model
SAMARA model is a new model for cereals (simulator of morpho‐physiological adaptability to abiotic stresses, and of annual graminaeayield).
Objectives:
• identification of TPE, study the adaptation to CC and CV as well as
interaction variety x cultural practice x environmentinteraction variety x cultural practice x environment…
• + conception of ideotypes and their adaptation to the environment
• (at plant canopy scale)
Main characteristics:
• based on ECOTROP software
• based on hydric balance and phenology module from SARRAH• based on hydric balance and phenology module from SARRAH
• trophic relationships and competitions between organs are
inspired by ECOMERISTEM
CIMAC Conference, Hohenheim University - Stuttgart, 7-9 February 2011
International Conference on Crop Improvement, Ideotyping and Modeling for African Cropping Systems under Climate Change (CIMAC), 2011/02/07-09, Stuttgart-Hohenheim, Germany
Sweet FuelSweet Fuel Development of a new sorghum model
Biomasses
Stem (sheathinternode reserves)
Sowing Leaf
Root
Panicle
Grain
Root
Reserves
CIMAC Conference, Hohenheim University - Stuttgart, 7-9 February 2011
International Conference on Crop Improvement, Ideotyping and Modeling for African Cropping Systems under Climate Change (CIMAC), 2011/02/07-09, Stuttgart-Hohenheim, Germany
Sweet FuelSweet Fuel Development of new sorghum model
Sensitivity analysis were done by:
Modifying varietal parameters (plant height, cycle duration, stay green…)oragronomic practices (irrigation, plant density…)
orcombining 2 parameters (i.e. height + duration)
Analyzing evolution of output values (panicule and grain yield, total and
above ground biomass, sugar yield, LAI, tillering, plant height etc…)
CIMAC Conference, Hohenheim University - Stuttgart, 7-9 February 2011
International Conference on Crop Improvement, Ideotyping and Modeling for African Cropping Systems under Climate Change (CIMAC), 2011/02/07-09, Stuttgart-Hohenheim, Germany
Sweet FuelSweet Fuel Development of a new sorghum model
Effect of terminal drought
Rainfed condition (terminal drought)Biomass ‐ 19%G i i ld 16%
BMag
BMtot
LAI« Wild Type », irrigatedHigh yielding, dwarf, early, sweet, stay‐green
Grain yield – 16%Final sugar reserves – 50%
TN
y y g(like Kouressy’s V3)Plant Height 2.0 m
GY
TNIC=1
FTSW
CIMAC Conference, Hohenheim University - Stuttgart, 7-9 February 2011
International Conference on Crop Improvement, Ideotyping and Modeling for African Cropping Systems under Climate Change (CIMAC), 2011/02/07-09, Stuttgart-Hohenheim, Germany
Sweet FuelSweet Fuel Development of a new sorghum model
ff f ( )
Cycle 40 d longer due to longer PSP
Effect of lateness (photosensitivity)
« Wild Type »High yielding, dwarf, early, sweet type (like Kouressy’s V3)
Cycle 40 d longer due to longer PSP(PSP longer : photoperiodism)
Biomass + 34%Plant Height + 40% (2.8m)
Higher Tiller No., more motalityGrain yield – 30%
(like Kouressy s V3)Plant Height 2.0 m
LAI max+200%Sugar reserves much smaller
IC=1
IC=1
CIMAC Conference, Hohenheim University - Stuttgart, 7-9 February 2011
International Conference on Crop Improvement, Ideotyping and Modeling for African Cropping Systems under Climate Change (CIMAC), 2011/02/07-09, Stuttgart-Hohenheim, Germany
Sweet FuelSweet Fuel Development of new sorghum model
Calibration of SAMARA for sorghum is possible in many differentenvironmentsenvironments
Results from sensitivity analysis are quite conform to the realityon a qualitative basison a qualitative basis
Wemust now conduct some specific trials to validatethis model
CIMAC Conference, Hohenheim University - Stuttgart, 7-9 February 2011
International Conference on Crop Improvement, Ideotyping and Modeling for African Cropping Systems under Climate Change (CIMAC), 2011/02/07-09, Stuttgart-Hohenheim, Germany
Thank you for your attentionContact:Contact:[email protected]‐project.eu
International Conference on Crop Improvement, Ideotyping and Modeling for African Cropping Systems under Climate Change (CIMAC), 2011/02/07-09, Stuttgart-Hohenheim, Germany