Developmental Psychology Slides 001 001

8/12/2019 Developmental Psychology Slides 001 001

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Developmental Psychology

General Psychology

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DevelopmentalPsychology

o Human Evol ut i on

v nature controls its desired traits

v variation of these traits is genetically

passed on from one generation to another

v an indicating mechanism

v nature - encourages the distribution of

positive traits and discourages the

negative ones

v

the present human specie underwent to aseries of natural selection

v paleoanthropologists believe that our

forebears had a similar appearance with

that of a dog-sized primate


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v Australopithecus - believed to have

originated from the line of primates

height: 4-5 feet tall

size of the brain: 400-500 cc

2 distinct kinds:

A. boisei

A. robustus

v Homo habilis (handyman) - emerged to be

our closest relative

height: about five feet tall

size of the brain: 500 - 800 cc

weight: 100 lbs

early tool user



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v Homo erectus emerged along with the

discovery of fire

size of the brain: 900 1200 cc

Java Man and Peking Man are believed

to be two of the accurate examples ofHomo erectus

v Homo sapiens it is believed that Archaic

H. sapiens already established a

mechanism for communication

used tools

buried their dead



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v Homo sapiens neanderthalis cousin

size of the brain: 1350 cc

height: 5-6 feet tall

heavy bones & elevated brows

v Homo sapiens sapiens (anatomically

modern Homo sapiens) - they exactly

emerged at the same time when H.

neanderthalensis began to wander in

Europe and the Near East

being in an upright position

skillful hands

able to vocalize

rational



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o Impor t ant Concept s of Development al

Psychology

v critical periods

the individual is more susceptible (exposed)

to environmental influences

periods of sensitivityusually begin duringthe time of conception

may exist from puberty to adulthood

v sensitive/optimal periods

there are possible ways to correct orimprove ones personal status

recognizes the flexibility of young children

and infants to adjust to the

beneficial/harmful influences



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o Maj or T r ends of Physi cal Development

v cephalocaudal

physical growth normally starts from headto toe

pertains to the muscular and neurologicaldevelopment of the individual

v proximodistal

physical growth starts from the middle partof the organism, the development of thecentral nervous system

limbs, torso, hands, feet and other

important parts start to develop during thefirst months of prenatal development

v differentiation

newly-born individuals are not capable of

performing basic things, after five years,they may now be able to display variouskinds of complex skills



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o Fact or s in Physi cal Development

v socio-economic status

economic capability of an individual toprovide a sufficient amount of nutrition forhis physical growth and development

v untreated illnesses

may be caused by late diagnosis of thedisease

v ethnicity and culture

social orientations are relative from cultureto culture

v emotional disturbances

mood irregularities which are eitherexperienced by the parents or the child



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o St ages of Human Devel opment

v prenatal development

3 sub-stages:

germinal - only lasts two weeks after the

moment of conception

embryonic - starts three weeks after the

fertilization and ends until the 8th week of

pregnancy

fetal - proceeds after the embryonic stage

until childbirth

v infant (1 month to 1 year)

can display a number of simple gestures

which are also helpful to communicate

something from their parents

nearsighted

learns how to trust others



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v toddler (1 to 4 years)

begin to take care of themselves andperform things on their own

learn to control themselves and tend toconcentrate on what they do

learn how to walk around, feed themselves,use the toilet and control their ownbehavior

does not like to be frustrated

v primary school age (4 to 12 years)

like to do well in school

like to please others

they can help around the house and takecare of themselves

a little knowledge about the human bodyand how it works

can also do some of their own personal care



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v puberty and adolescence (13 to 19 years)

puberty - stage in which an individual isable to reproduce

psychological views:

G.S. Hall - adolescence as a time of stormmarked by turbulent emotions

S. Freud - conflict as a result of physicalchanges that the adolescents areexperiencing

A. Freud - intellectualization mechanismand asceticism mechanism

M. Mead - cultural influences play a major

role in the amount of stress that theadolescents undergo

E. Erikson - characterized adolescence as aperiod of crisis resolution on identity vs.identity confusion

J. Marcia - his psychological research wasbased on Eriksons theory by examining thepresence or absence of crisis andcommitment in a persons identity formation



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v young adult (19 to 25 years)

marks the transition from childhood to

adulthood in the human life cycle

they focus on their respective careers and

family building, trying to establish

themselves as responsible adults

personal relationships reflect less moral and

sexual value system than those of young

adults in the past

v adult (26 years and up)

the last stage in human development

wherein the individual has already

completed the last phase of his physical,

social and emotional development as a

human being

adults have to make an adjustment on theirphysical and emotional habits



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References/Sources

Melucci, N.J., (2004), Psychology: The Easy Way,

New York, Barrons Educational Series

Sternberg, R.J., (2004), Psychology (4th Edition),

Canada, Thomson Wadsworth

Instructors Guides: Care of the Infant and Toddler,

Care of the Infant and the School Age and Care of

the Adult Client. Certified Nursing Assistant

Program. STI Education Services Group, 2005

Instructors Guide (Week 10 Session 27):

Socialization and Development of Identity and

Social Relations. Child and Adolescent

Development. STI Education Services Group, 2006

Booree, G. (2004), General Psychology: Human

Evolution, Shippensburg University, Retrieved May

22, 2007 from

http://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/humanevol.html

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