Development through the Inter-American System of New Mechanisms to Enable Cultural Property...
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Development through the Inter-American System of New Mechanisms to Enable Cultural Property Protection Protocols
1.1. Areas proposed for implementation: disaster response, Areas proposed for implementation: disaster response,
peacekeeping, and stability operationspeacekeeping, and stability operations
2.2. These areas do not necessarily fall under International These areas do not necessarily fall under International
Humanitarian Law and CPP protocols may not apply Humanitarian Law and CPP protocols may not apply
3.3. These operations can involve major response forces operating These operations can involve major response forces operating
under unstable conditions collocated with cultural sitesunder unstable conditions collocated with cultural sites
4.4. In addition to tactical maneuvers, basic operations such as In addition to tactical maneuvers, basic operations such as
logistics support can cause extensive damage to cultural sites logistics support can cause extensive damage to cultural sites
5.5. The incorporation of CPP mechanisms during disaster response, The incorporation of CPP mechanisms during disaster response,
peacekeeping, and stability operations can mitigate damage and peacekeeping, and stability operations can mitigate damage and
produce diverse socio-economic benefitsproduce diverse socio-economic benefits
6.6. The Inter-American System provides feasible scopeThe Inter-American System provides feasible scope
Why Develop New Mechanisms for Cultural Property Protection (CPP) in the Americas
1.1. Many supporting institutions do not existMany supporting institutions do not exist
2.2. Many entities face resource constraints Many entities face resource constraints
3.3. The concept of CPP protocols under International The concept of CPP protocols under International
Humanitarian Law makes implementation unlikelyHumanitarian Law makes implementation unlikely
4.4. Natural & non-natural disasters pose significant riskNatural & non-natural disasters pose significant risk
5.5. Military and security forces primarily deploy in disaster Military and security forces primarily deploy in disaster
response and peace support operations response and peace support operations
6.6. CPP conceptual support in Latin America & CaribbeanCPP conceptual support in Latin America & Caribbean
7.7. Many regional entities network within regionMany regional entities network within region
Selected Factors in Cultural Property Protection (CPP) in the Americas
1.1. Ratifications of the 1954 Hague ConventionRatifications of the 1954 Hague Convention
2.2. Establish Blue Shield National Committees & Establish Blue Shield National Committees &
International Military Cultural Resources WG NetworkInternational Military Cultural Resources WG Network
3.3. Develop Mechanisms to Apply Cultural Property Develop Mechanisms to Apply Cultural Property
Protection to Disaster Response, Peacekeeping and Protection to Disaster Response, Peacekeeping and
Stability OperationsStability Operations
4.4. Interaction on Training and TechnologiesInteraction on Training and Technologies
5.5. Tangible and Intangible Cultural Heritage Tangible and Intangible Cultural Heritage
6.6. International Efforts on Cultural HeritageInternational Efforts on Cultural Heritage
7.7. Regional Organizations with Related MandateRegional Organizations with Related Mandate
Overview of Cultural Property Protection (CPP) Initiatives
21 OAS (22 CALC) countries entered but lacks 13 21 OAS (22 CALC) countries entered but lacks 13
CARICOM countries (Barbados sole entrant)CARICOM countries (Barbados sole entrant)
Supported by OAS General Assembly Resolutions Supported by OAS General Assembly Resolutions
and other and other
Facilitates CPP capabilities development and Facilitates CPP capabilities development and
application to other CPP initiativesapplication to other CPP initiatives
Support includes: UNESCO Division of Cultural Support includes: UNESCO Division of Cultural
Objects and Intangible Heritage, Lawyers’ Committee Objects and Intangible Heritage, Lawyers’ Committee
for Cultural Heritage Protection (LCCHP), and WATCHfor Cultural Heritage Protection (LCCHP), and WATCH
I. Ratifications of the 1954 Hague ConventionI. Ratifications of the 1954 Hague Convention
Establishment of functioning NCBS network where Establishment of functioning NCBS network where
few currently exist for meeting CPP initiative goalsfew currently exist for meeting CPP initiative goals
Establishment of functioning network of IMCuRWG Establishment of functioning network of IMCuRWG
national and regional officials national and regional officials
Creates support networks to enable CPP conceptsCreates support networks to enable CPP concepts
Both Association of National Committees of the Blue Both Association of National Committees of the Blue
Shield (ANCBS) and IMCuRWG officials have Shield (ANCBS) and IMCuRWG officials have
considered proposals and defined support existsconsidered proposals and defined support exists
27 Countries have been consulted on these proposals27 Countries have been consulted on these proposals
II. Establish National Committees of the Blue II. Establish National Committees of the Blue Shield (NCBS) & International Military Cultural Shield (NCBS) & International Military Cultural
Resources WG (IMCuRWG) NetworkResources WG (IMCuRWG) Network
Precedents exist: Roerich Pact and Inter-American Precedents exist: Roerich Pact and Inter-American
Convention to Facilitate Disaster AssistanceConvention to Facilitate Disaster Assistance
OAS & Inter-American Juridical Committee mandatesOAS & Inter-American Juridical Committee mandates
Sub-Regional mechanism optionsSub-Regional mechanism options
The process is in the first stage of development with The process is in the first stage of development with
meeting with the rapporteurs planned in conceptmeeting with the rapporteurs planned in concept
ICRC International Disaster Response Laws, Rules, ICRC International Disaster Response Laws, Rules,
and Principles (IDRL) Program Working Paperand Principles (IDRL) Program Working Paper
III. Develop Mechanisms to Apply Cultural III. Develop Mechanisms to Apply Cultural
Property Protection to Disaster Response, Property Protection to Disaster Response,
Peacekeeping and Stability OperationsPeacekeeping and Stability Operations
CPP doctrine developmentCPP doctrine development
International Institute of Humanitarian Law WorkshopInternational Institute of Humanitarian Law Workshop
Application of technology to CPP programs, policies and Application of technology to CPP programs, policies and
proceduresprocedures
Networking of technological capacities for CPP supportNetworking of technological capacities for CPP support
Affiliated training such as UN Protection of CiviliansAffiliated training such as UN Protection of Civilians
Public CPP dissemination through media, conferences and other Public CPP dissemination through media, conferences and other
meansmeans
Columbian Red Cross evaluation of CPP concept implementationColumbian Red Cross evaluation of CPP concept implementation
IV. Interaction on Training and IV. Interaction on Training and
TechnologiesTechnologies
Expanded focus to incorporate Expanded focus to incorporate
intangible cultural propertiesintangible cultural properties
Holistic evaluation of effects to include Holistic evaluation of effects to include
economic and social recoveryeconomic and social recovery
Smithsonian Institution and USCBS Smithsonian Institution and USCBS
efforts on Haiti Cultural Recovery efforts on Haiti Cultural Recovery
ProjectProject
V. Tangible and Intangible Cultural V. Tangible and Intangible Cultural HeritageHeritage
Development of international network of supporting Development of international network of supporting
organizations: UN, ICRC, OAS, ANCBS, ICOMOS, …organizations: UN, ICRC, OAS, ANCBS, ICOMOS, …
Shaping the participation of other communities: Shaping the participation of other communities:
General Code of Conduct for Private Security Service General Code of Conduct for Private Security Service
ProvidersProviders
Linking with organizations with associated interests: Linking with organizations with associated interests:
Partnership for Effective PeacekeepingPartnership for Effective Peacekeeping
VI. International Efforts on Cultural VI. International Efforts on Cultural
HeritageHeritage
IAS entities exist to facilitate CPP mechanismsIAS entities exist to facilitate CPP mechanisms
Human Rights InitiativeHuman Rights Initiative
Military Legal Committee of the AmericasMilitary Legal Committee of the Americas
Regional Security System and other Sub-regional Regional Security System and other Sub-regional
defense entitiesdefense entities
System of Cooperation Among the American Air System of Cooperation Among the American Air
Forces (SICOFAA) and other service entitiesForces (SICOFAA) and other service entities
IAS Regional Disaster Response OrganizationsIAS Regional Disaster Response Organizations
VII. Inter-American System (IAS) Entities VII. Inter-American System (IAS) Entities
with Related Mandateswith Related Mandates
Andean Committee for Disaster Prevention and Response Andean Committee for Disaster Prevention and Response
(CAPRADE)(CAPRADE)
Caribbean Disaster Emergency Management Agency (CDEMA)Caribbean Disaster Emergency Management Agency (CDEMA)
Center for Coordination of Natural Disaster Prevention in Central Center for Coordination of Natural Disaster Prevention in Central
America (CEPREDENAC)America (CEPREDENAC)
Specialized Meeting on Social and Natural Disaster Risk Reduction, Specialized Meeting on Social and Natural Disaster Risk Reduction,
Civil Defense, Civil Protection, and Humanitarian Assistance Civil Defense, Civil Protection, and Humanitarian Assistance
(REHU)(REHU)
Summit of Latin American and the Caribbean Integration and Summit of Latin American and the Caribbean Integration and
Development (CALC)Development (CALC)
Union of South American Nations (UNASUR)Union of South American Nations (UNASUR)
Inter-American Disaster Response Inter-American Disaster Response
Regional Organizations with InterestRegional Organizations with Interest
Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) ReviewFederal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Review
Career Progression Training Programs: Joint Military Career Progression Training Programs: Joint Military
Attaché School, Naval Postgraduate School, Peacekeeping & Attaché School, Naval Postgraduate School, Peacekeeping &
Stability Operations Institute, Foreign Service Institute, …Stability Operations Institute, Foreign Service Institute, …
Professional Organizations and Publications: Foreign Area Professional Organizations and Publications: Foreign Area
Officers, Journals such as Culture & Conflict ReviewOfficers, Journals such as Culture & Conflict Review
Dissemination within Organizations Dissemination within Organizations
Formal Professional Military EducationFormal Professional Military Education
Domestic ConsiderationsDomestic Considerations
Main Point
Development of New Mechanisms to Enable Cultural Property
Protection Protocols through the Inter-American System Is
Complex and Long Term, but All Entities Involved Have Been
Supportive