Development Theories
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Transcript of Development Theories
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Development TheoriesPIA 3090
Week Four
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I. Golden Oldies: II. Literary Map- III. Synthesis Themes-
Discussion Four: Governance and Political Development
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Mock Comprehensive Question
How are theories of development related to the concepts related of dependency and modernization theories? What does each say about strategies of development management To what extent do these concepts prescribe different development policies to national level policy makers? Where does orthodox Marxism fit into the above dichotomy? Defend your views by specific reference to the literature in the field.
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Development Policy:Discussion
Deconstruction ExerciseComprehensive Exam
Groups: Do deconstruction- Brief, two minute
presentation
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Development Policy:Discussion
Deconstruction ExerciseComprehensive Exam
Groups: Do deconstruction- Brief, two minute
presentation
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Development Theory
Group Presentations
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I. Overall Themes for the Week
II. The Political Development Argument
III. The Economic Model
IV. Debates about Political Institutions
V. Systems Theory and Structural Functionalism
VI. Cultural Debates and the Bureaucracy
VII. Group Representation Models
VIII. Class Analysis
Outline of Discussion
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Political Development and Institutions are a pre-requisite for Social and Economic Development
Discussion: Political Development as a Pre-requisite?
I. Overall Theme for the Week
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Institutionalization
Role of Civil Society
Economics and Politics
Systems Theory/Structural Functionalism
Corporatism
Sub-Themes
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"...there is a close link between respect for human rights and democracy, on the one hand, and the ability to sustain economic and social development on the other."
John Martinussen
"...states will necessarily remain central actors in development policy."
Milton Esman
II. The Political Development Argument- Two Quotes Re. the Issue
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A Conservative View
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Counter-argument: Asian model of Development (Authoritarian)
III. The Economic Model
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Reform and the Donor Countries
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NGOs and Civil Society?
"Although development studies once had a love affair with the model of a strong [democratic] state and its capacity to plan change comprehensively with technical staff, states are increasingly maligned for consuming excessive societal resources in an inefficient, bungling, even abusive manner.“
Kathleen Staudt
Obama Administration Abandons Development for War in Afghanistan (NYT- 1/28/09
Debate about Corruption in Afghanistan, September 13, 2010
Antithesis: Maybe Not
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Is There an Asian Model?
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The Huntington Model: Political Instititutionalization
Huntington’s Theory of Institutional Development Suggests stability over participation
Fear ethnic, ideological and religious based conflicts
IV. Debates about Political Institutions Samuel P. Huntington
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GOAL: STABILITY OVER PARTICIPATION
Institutionalization
Participation High Low
High INDIA ALGERIA
Low SAUDI ARABIA SWAZILAND
The Huntington Matrix
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Order and Civilization
Institutionalization should equal Mobilization
or
Institutionalization should be greater than mobilization
but not
Institutionalization should be lower than mobilization
Huntington’s Formula
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Huntington: Summary
Samuel P. Huntington
Key: Loss of Equilibrium and Violence (David Apter with Huntington)
Political Order is Culture Bound:
Clash of Civilization Theory?
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Huntington’s Fear: Political Instability as a Result of the Clash of Civilization
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Political Development and Governance: Alternative Models
Leonard Binder: Sequential Crises Universal Rule?
Identity
Legitimacy
Participation
Penetration
Distribution
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Leonard Binder, UCLA Political Crises and
Sequences:
IdentityLegitimacyParticipationPenetrationDistribution
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Ten Minute Break.
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Systems Theory (David Easton) and Structural Functionalism (Almond and Verba, The Civic Culture (1957)
Origins of contemporary Civil Society Model:
“There is a ‘civic culture’ which is the most developed political form.”
Gabriel Almond and Sidney
Verba
V. Systems Theory and Structural Functionalism- Classic Political Science Theories
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Systems Theory
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General Systems Theory
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Inputs:
interest articulation
Interest aggregation
The Black Box (With-inputs)
Outputs- Policies
Feedback
Structural Functionalism: Gabriel Almond
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Disjointed Modernization (Gusfield and Susan Rudolph)
Misplaced Polarities Theory
VI. Cultural Debates and the Bureaucracy: A Reminder
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Problems with Bureaucracy
Crawford Young Markovitz Book
Civil Society Collapse and the Impact of Colonialism (Crawford Young)
The Administrative
State (Picard)
And the Organizational Bourgeoisie (Leonard Markovitz)
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M. Crawford Young, Born 1931- University of WisconsinWorked on the Colonial state and on the politics of cultural identity in the third world, and presaged the contemporary "instrumentalist" and "constructivist" approaches to political identity.
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State centric vs. social centric Development The importance of bureaucracies and
Institutional Change (Esman and Staudt) Strong State vs. Strong Bureaucracy: Which
should dominate
Weak State but Strong Society
Weak State but strong (Praetorian)
Bureaucracy
Debates About Bureaucracy
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Pluralism or Polyarchy
Corporatism and the Scandinavian Model:
Social Corporatism VS. Polyarchy (Dahl)
Fascism Military Corporatism Religious Corporatism
VII. Group Representation Models
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What is Fascism?
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Critique of Corporatism
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Class Analysis: (Marx and his Successors)
Rural vs. Urban
Agricultural vs. Industrial collectivization
Conservative Critique of Class War
VIII. Class Analysis- Debates About Social Class
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Class Analysis
Is Class Important? How does it impact Development?
Marx and Class
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To what extent should political issues be addressed within a developmental context? Why is political development seen to be a pre-requisite for social and economic development? What are the counter-arguments? Are there alternative models for a developed polity than the "representative democracy" model? Refer specifically to the literature on development in your response.
Mock Comprehensive Question for Next Week
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Discussion of Counter-Dependency
Are We All Modernizers?
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Discussion of Comprehensives
Reasons and Strategies?