Development, Specifications, and Application Experience with 80 ksi (552 MPa) Linepipe by J. Malcolm...
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Transcript of Development, Specifications, and Application Experience with 80 ksi (552 MPa) Linepipe by J. Malcolm...
Development, Specifications, and Application Experience with 80 ksi
(552 MPa) Linepipe
by
J. Malcolm Gray
Paper presented at the ABM Annual Congress
Vitoria, Brasil 23 July 2007
Overview
• Introduction
• Application
• Metallurgical Approaches
• Chemical Compositions
• Specifications
• Weldability
• Fracture Control
Figure 1. Development periods for high strength linepipe
Figure 2. Increase in North American natural gas pipeline operating pressures1)
Macro Trends
• Higher Pressures• Thicker Wall• Higher Toughness• Lower Carbon• Higher Alloy Contents• Need for updated specifications.• Cost pressures due to steel prices.• Globalization of manufacture.
Figure 3. Progress in adopting X-80 Steel.
mil l
ion s
of k
mm
il lio
n s o
f km
Type C Mn Nb V Ti Mo Cr Other
Nb – V0.05/0.12 1.50/1.65 0.05 0.08 0.01 - -
Nb – Ti0.06 1.50/1.70 0.06 - 0.02 - -
Nb - Mo0.04 1.70 0.09 - 0.02 0.30 - Cu + Ni
Nb – Cr0.03/0.06 1.65 0.09 - 0.01 - 0.30 Cu + Ni
Table III
Figure 4. Comparison of HAZ hardnesses for mechanized welds in
Nb-Mo, Nb-Cr & Nb-V Steel.
SteelType
C Mn Si Nb V Ti Cr Mo Cu Ni N Pcm
Nb-V 0.104 1.71 0.33 0.041 0.092 0.007 0.04 - 0.05 0.04 0.004 0.22
Nb-Cr 0.04 1.58 0.13 0.098 - 0.011 0.24 - 0.20 0.10 0.004 0.15
Nb-Mo 0.03 1.68 0.27 0.095 - 0.019 0.03 0.30 0.30 0.12 0.010
Table IVChemical Compositions of X-80 Pipe Use For Recent Projects
(a) No prior use of X-70/80 acicular ferrite steels.
(b) Lack of knowledge or confidence.
(c) Isolation.
(d) Committee squabbling.
(e) Copy and paste mentality at Engineering companies.
(f) No platform for change.
(g) Bureaucratic inertia.
(h) Long term bad habits.
Table VSummary of EWI Microalloying Recommend Chemical Composition Limits
Figure 5. Comparison of limits for vanadium and niobium for different pipe grades.
Figure 6. HAZ hardness as a function of heat input and Pcm.
Nb-Mo
17-22 KJ/cm
Nb-Mo
17-22 KJ/cm
Figure 7. Comparison of mean hot rolling flow stress – X70 and X80 steels8)
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
700 800 900 1000 1100 1200
Rolling temperature (°C)
me
an
flo
ws
tre
ss
(M
Pa
)
'
X70 MoNb
X80 HiNb HTP
X70 NbV
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
700 800 900 1000 1100 1200
Rolling temperature (°C)
me
an
flo
ws
tre
ss
(M
Pa
)
'
X70 MoNb
X80 HiNb HTP
X70 NbV
Cheyenne Plains (CIG) girth welding procedure
Pass Electrode Diameter Root bead E6010 0.125-0.156” (3.2-4.0 mm) Hot Pass E9010-P1 0.156-0.188 (4.0-4.8 mm) Fill and Cap Passes E9018M and/or E101T1-GM
Shielding gas Preheat Repair preheat
0.045 (1.1 mm) 75/25 % Ar/CO2 150°F (66°C) 250°F (121°C)
Development of Blended Approach to Defect Acceptance Criteria
(Shaded area was adopted by the project)
Figure 15. Defect acceptance levels for Cheyenne Plains X-80 Girth Welds.
Figure 16. Fracture Arrest Predictions: Recent Analyses for X-100
Project History for X-80 Linepipe
Project Owner Location Diameter W.T. Length MAOP % SMYS
Year
in. mm mm Km MPa Megal II Megal Germany 44 DN 1100 14 3.2 9.37 72 1985 Transit Gas Pipeline Czechoslovakia 56 DN 1422 16 1.5 9.89 72 1985 Empress Comp. Station NOVA (TCPL) Alberta, Canada 42 DN 1050 11 1.6 8.1 80 1990 Weme to Schluchtem Pipeline RuhrGas Germany 48 DN 1200 18.4/19.3 250 10.0 62 1992-3 Eastern Alberta Mahtzwin NOVA Eastern Alberta, Canada 48 DN 1200 12.1 54 8.65 80 1994 Central Main Line Loop TCPL Central Alberta, Canada 48 DN 1200 12.0/16.0 91 8.65 80 1997 Eastern Main Line Loop TCPL Eastern Alberta,Canada 48 DN 1200 12.0/16.0 27 8.65 80 1997 Peters Green to South Mimms Transco UK 48 DN 1200 - 1 7.5 1998 Drointon-Sutton on the Hill Transco UK 48 DN 1200 - 25 7.5 2000 Hatton to Silk Willoughby Transco UK 48 DN 1200 15.1/21.8 112 7.5 2001 Canadian Resources Steam Canadian Resources Canada 24 DN 600 25.4 18 - - 2001 Roma to Brisbane APT Roma-Brisbane Australia 16 DN 400 8.83 16 10.2 72 2001 Cambridge to Matching Green Transco UK 48 DN 1200 14.3/20.6 46 7.5 2002 St. Fergus to Aberdeen Transco UK 48 DN 1200 15.1/21.8 72 7.0 2002 Bacton to Kings Lynn Transco UK 48 DN 1200 14.3/20.6 69 7.5 2003 Aberdeen to Lochside Transco UK 48 DN 1200 15.9/22.9 50 8.4 2004 Cheyenne Plains CIG USA 36 DN 915 11.8/16.9 618 10.0 72 2004 Ganstead to Asselby Transco UK 48 DN 1200 14.3/20.6 52 7.0 2006 Herbrandston to Derwen Fawr Transco UK 48 DN 1200 ? 60 ? ? 2007/8 Milford Haven to Aberdulais Transco UK 48 DN 1200 ? 120 ? ? 2007/8 Felindre to Brecon to Tirley Transco UK 48 DN 1200 ? 180 ? ? 2007/8 Pannal to Nether Kellet Transco UK 48 DN 1200 14.3/20.6 93? ? ? 2007/8 Asselby to Pannal Transco UK 48 DN 1200 14.3/20.6 62 ? ? 2007/8
Project Year Company Country Product Grade Wall thickness
(mm)
Tons
TCPL 1972-Present
Ipsco Canada Coil and Pipe
X-70/80 11.8
TCPL, Hearst Ontario
1982 Algoma SteelCanadian Phoenix
Canada PlatePipe
15.7 35000
Iroquois Project 1990 Stelco Canada Pipe X65 20.0 18000
Cantarell 1998 Mittal SteelPMT
Mexico Slab, Plate, Pipe
X70 sour gas
22.6 65000
Cameron Highway, offshore
2003 Azov Stal Steel Ukraine Plate X-65 18.0
Welspun India Pipe X-65 18.0
Cheyenne Plains 2004 Oregon Steel Mills/Napa Pipe
USA Plate, Coil, Pipe
X80 11.8 35000
1st West-East Gas Pipeline
2004 Bao Steel China Plate and Coil
X70
Anshan Steel China Plate X70
Julong Pipe China Pipe X70
Europipe Germany Pipe X70 30000
Independence Trail, offshore
2005 Azov StalWelspun
UkraineIndia
Plate X70 30.9
TCPL 2005 Azov Stal Welspun
UkraineIndia
PlatePipe
X-75 (X-80)
22.0 800
Gulf South 2006 Nanjing Steel China Plate and Coil
X-80
Rockies Express 2007-2009
Oregon Steel USA Coil X70/X80 14.3/15.9
Production History 0.10% Niobium HTP Steel
Figure 17
20)20)
Figure 18. Relationship between maximum thinning strain ef and Charpy energy