DEVELOPMENT Process of improving the material conditions of people through diffusion of knowledge...
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Transcript of DEVELOPMENT Process of improving the material conditions of people through diffusion of knowledge...
DEVELOPMENT
Process of improving the material conditions of people through diffusion
of knowledge and technology.
BIPOLAR WORLD
MDC & LDC• More developed country -------- Least developed country
• Clustered into spaces• Developing/ Emerging
countries: made some progress and expected to continue.
Why Does Development Vary Among Countries?
C9K1
Objective
• Economic indicators of development• Social indicators of development• Demographic indicators of development
Why Does Development Vary Among Countries?
• (HDI) Human Development Index: recognizes countries economic, social, and demographic development.
• (GDP) Gross Domestic Product: is the value of the total output of goods and services produced in a country in a year.
• GDP Per Capita: divided by total country population.
• Qatar 88,000, US 45,000, Congo 312
Economic Indicators of Development:
Types of Jobs
• SECTORS 1) Primary/ agriculture 2) Secondary/ manufacturing 3) Tertiary/ services
• Other economic indicators 1) types of jobs 2) worker productivity 3) availability of consumer goods
• MDC/ LDC reflect different sector %.
Productivity
• Is the value of a particular product compared to the amount of labor needed
• MDC more productive than LDC
• Value added: gross value of the product minus the costs of raw materials and energy. WHY?
Consumer Goods
• Transportation/ communication: vital to economic growth.
• LDC: mostly found in overcrowded urban sprawl
• MDC/ 1000: 1) phones 800 2) cars 400 3) Internet 400
• LDC/ 1000: 1) phones 200 2) cars 20 3) Internet 100
Social Indicators of Development
• MDC: wealth is invested in schools, hospitals, welfare. (more quantity & better quality)
• Education: 1) teacher/student ratio MDC <20 LDC >30
• 2) literacy: MDC 98% LDC <60%
• LDC: requires reading/ writing in another language.
Health & Welfare
• MDC: receive more calories, proteins, more % of GDP on healthcare.
• MDC: Public Assistance: sick, elderly, poor, disabled, orphaned, veterans, widows, unemployed, single parents.
• LDC: Public Assistance: gov. limited, non-profit, prayer.
Demographic Indicators of Development
• Life expectancy: difference is 10+ yr
• mortality: MDC <1% LDC <6%.
• Natural Increase Rate: MDC .2% LDC 1.5%
• Crude Birth Rate: LDC 23/1000 MDC 12/1000
Where Are MDCs and LDCs Distributed?
C9K2
OBJECTIVES
• MORE DEVELOPED REGIONS• LESS DEVELOPED REGIONS
9 MAJOR REGIONS
N. America HDI .95
• High GDP/ Literacy, Low Edu/ life expectancy
• Past: major manufacturer but loss jobs to Japan, Europe, and China.
• Leader in tertiary-sector • Leading consumer,
entertainment, mass media, sports, recreation, defense, food exporter
Europe HDI .93
• Largest & richest market.
• 15 of the highest 19 HDI• High-value goods and
services (banking/ luxury motor vehicles)
• World Recession has created revealed major problems in the EU
Russia: HDI .73
• 1991: Transformed from a centrally planned communist economy to a market economy
• Economy drastically declined. Gangsters became wealthy
• Resurgence with oil production but global recession reverts growth.
JAPAN: HDI .96
• Extremely unfavorable ratio of population to resources.
• Advantage: 1) work ethic 2) lower cost products 3) high quality products 4) research & development
Oceania: HDI .90
• Australia & New Zealand
• Marginal: 1) small population 2) peripheral location
• Mining, food exports