Development of the Spent Fuel Management Infrastructure in the Russian Federation

E. Kudryavtsev, A. Khaperskaya

Rosatom State Nuclear Energy Corporation

V. Smirnov, R&D Company “Sosny”

IAEA International Conference on Management of Spent Fuel from Nuclear Power Reactors

31 May to 4 June 2010, Vienna, Austria

IAEA International Conference on Management of Spent Fuel from Nuclear Power Reactors

31 May to 4 June 2010, Vienna, Austria

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Rosatom Major Tasks and Schedule for the SF and RW Management Rosatom Major Tasks and Schedule for the SF and RW Management

20352035

20102010

20152015

Establishment of Legislative and Financial Basis

for the Corporate Rad&Nuclear Safety Assurance System

Establishment of Legislative and Financial Basis

for the Corporate Rad&Nuclear Safety Assurance System

Start-up of Market-oriented RadWaste&SF management System

Start-up of Market-oriented RadWaste&SF management System

Major Nuclear Legacy Problems are solvedMajor Nuclear Legacy Problems are solved

Creation of the most important Nuclear Infrastructure Facilities

Creation of the most important Nuclear Infrastructure Facilities

20252025

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Start-up of Industrial Reprocessing Plant (RT-2) and Final Geologic Disposal Facility

Start-up of Industrial Reprocessing Plant (RT-2) and Final Geologic Disposal Facility

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Nuclear Renaissance in Russia Nuclear Renaissance in Russia

Nuclear Power Development Program, approved by the Russian President on June 8, 2006

Federal Law of 1 December 2007 N 317-ФЗ «On the State Atomic Energy Corporation «Rosatom»

Program of the «Rosatom» Corporation Activity, started from 2009 (new NPP construction)

Federal Targeted Program “Nuclear and Radiological Safety Assurance for year 2008 and until 2015” with total budget of 145,4 Bn rubles (including 131,2 Bn from Federal budget)

Federal Targeted Program “Nuclear Technologies of the new Generation for 2010-2015 and for 2020 perspective“ with total budget of 128 Bn rubles (including 110,4 Bn rubles from Federal budget)

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Key figures of Rosatom Spent Fuel Discharge Key figures of Rosatom Spent Fuel Discharge

Annual Spent Fuel Discharge from Russian Power Reactors is ~650 mt

• 15% of that amount (VVER-440, BN-600 fuels) is currently reprocessed at RT-1 plant

• 30% (VVER-1000 fuel) is shipped for centralized wet storage at MCC site near Krasnoyarsk, with plans for reprocessing

• 55% (RBMK-1000 fuel) is currently placed in wet AFR storages with plans for further shipment for dry storage at MCC site near Krasnoyarsk

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Accumulated Spent Fuel in Russian Federation - decomposition Accumulated Spent Fuel in Russian Federation - decomposition

Total amount of accumulated fuel is 19 000 mt

VVER-1000

RR and other fuels

RBMK-1000

AMB fuel

VVER and RBMK fuels are at store in NPP and centralized storage facilities

AMB and RR fuels heed special technical decisions

According to Federal Law all accumulated SF is property of Russian Federation

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Basic Principles of the Concept–2008:

Reprocessing of the Used Nuclear Fuel for ecologically acceptable Waste Management and Disposal, Recycling of the Recovered Nuclear Materials

High priority for Nuclear Safety and for the Nuclear Materials Security during all the management stages, aiming to avoid undue burdens on future generations

Strategic Directions for the Future Activity:

- Development of the safe and reliable long-term storage system,

- Further development of reprocessing technologies,

- Balanced utilization of the reprocessed nuclear materials,

- Conditioning and final disposal of the radioactive wastes from reprocessing activity

Spent Fuel Management Concept of the “ROSATOM” State Corporation Spent Fuel Management Concept of the “ROSATOM” State Corporation

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Development of Legislative Basis for the RW and SNF management system

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Major points of the Draft Low for “Management of Radioactive Wastes”Major points of the Draft Low for “Management of Radioactive Wastes”

Priority for safe final disposal of radioactive wastes

Realistic system for radioactive wastes classification

Direct connection of radwaste ownership and responsibility

Establishment of Limits for Radwaste storage period and Criteria for Waste package acceptability for the final disposal

Establishment of National Operator for the final disposal activities

Granted financial basis for “full cycle” waste management activities

Draft of the Law is under consideration of the State Duma

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Near Surface DisposalFacility for LILW

Near or SubSurface DisposalFacility for LILW

“MAYAK” PA

Final RadWaste Disposal Sites in RussiaFinal RadWaste Disposal Sites in Russia

HLW at MCC

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Development of Spent Nuclear Fuel Management System in RussiaDevelopment of Spent Nuclear Fuel Management System in Russia

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Key Directions for Development of the Russian Nuclear Fuel Management System Key Directions for Development of the Russian Nuclear Fuel Management System

Drafting of the State Law “On Spent Nuclear Fuel Management”

Infrastructure Development Projects (Wet and Dry Storages, including Cask Storage Systems)

Technological options for the specific SF types (AMB, Submarine fuels, damaged and non conventional fuels)

Research and Demo Center for Research and Development of Advanced Reprocessing technology at MCC (Krasnoyarsk)

Final Disposal Technology for the Wastes from Reprocessing activity

MOX Fuel Technology Development

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Spent Nuclear Fuel Management FundSpent Nuclear Fuel Management Fund

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Financial basis and model for the UNF management shall take into account : Full cycle for the SF management Segregation of State and Market Structures Liabilities Financial System (Centralized SF Management Fund) Full Cycle Infrastructure

Market-orientedStructures (NPP)

SF ManagementFund

State Budget

FederalProgram

AccumulatedProblems in SF management

Newly generated Nuclear Fuel

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Flowchart for the Russian SF Management System FacilitiesFlowchart for the Russian SF Management System Facilities

RRs, NSubs

VVER-440, BN-600

VVER-1200

RBMK-1000

FADismantling

Central Wet Store

Dry Store

Wet Storage

RT-2Plant

Final GeologicDisposal LL&HLW

NFA Dismantling

RDC

MOX-Fuel FF

Dry Store

AMB -100, 200

VVER-1000VVER-1000

HLW StoreRT-1 Plant

PA MAYAKPA MAYAK

Pu from StorePu from Store MCCMCC

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Major projects for SNF Management at MCC SiteMajor projects for SNF Management at MCC Site

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Center for SF Management at Mining Chemical Combine (MCC) siteCenter for SF Management at Mining Chemical Combine (MCC) site

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Construction of the Dry Store for the VVER and RBMK fuels is the Key Rosatom’s Infrastructure Project

Capacity of the I-st Stage is 8100 mt of RBMK fuel

Cold Start-up in planned for the end of 2010

Enlargement of Wet Store (ХОТ-1) with gradual increase of capacity to 8600 mt

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Nijnekanskiy Massif – the place chosen for the final disposal of vitrified HLW and long-lived wastes at 500 m depth in granitesI-st Stage – construction of Underground Lab. Declaration of intent already submitted to regional authorities.

Final Disposal of HLW near MCC Site

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Pu utilization at MCC sitePu utilization at MCC site

In the frame of Federal Targeted Program “Nuclear Technologies of the new Generation for 2010-2015 and for 2020 perspective“ the U-Pu fuel fabrication facilities are under development for:

Securing of U-Pu fuel for BN-800 Fast Reactor (under construction) and BN-600 (Hybrid Core) at Beloyarskaya NPP by

- Fabrication of the Granulated Fuel Composition at MCC (Krasnoyarsk)

- Fabrication of the Fuel rods and Fuel Assemblies at NIIAR (Dimitrovgrad)

Fulfillment of US-Russia Intergovernmental Agreement on Ex-Weapon Pu Disposition

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Mining Chemical Combine – Centre for the Closure of Nuclear Fuel Cycle Mining Chemical Combine – Centre for the Closure of Nuclear Fuel Cycle

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Добыча

Конверсия и обогащение

Хранение и переработка ОЯТ

Производство электроэнергии

Окончательная изоляцияРАО

Фабрикация MOX -топлива

Фабрикация U -топлива

Регенерированный U

The Centre will include: - SNF storage and reprocessing - MOX fabrication - Waste final disposal

MOX-Fuel

HLW

SNF

RT-2

RT-2

Demo Reprocessing CentreUnderground LabU-Pu granulated Fuel Fabrication

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Reprocessing of Nuclear Legacy FuelReprocessing of Nuclear Legacy Fuel

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AMB Legacy Fuels ManagementAMB Legacy Fuels Management

Total amount 300 mt of U in Mg (Ca) alloyed fuel composition

Fuel Assembly is 14 m long

Tasks to be solved

Installation of the Safe Dismantling Complex for the AMB Fuel Assemblies at Beloyarskaya NPP

Transport of the Fuel pins to PA Mayak site for reprocessing

Adaptation of the RT-1 Reprocessing Technology for AMB fuel composition including Vitrification Technology for the AMB Wastes

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Research Reactors Fuel Return ProgramResearch Reactors Fuel Return Program

Tchekh 1Uzbek 1 Bulgaria 1

Hungary 1

Latvia 1

Germany 1Kazakhstan3

Romania 1

Libia 1

Poland1Ukraine 1

Serbia 1

Kazakhstan1

US-Russian Program for the Return of Research Reactors Fuel – Prevention of HEU Proliferation

Poland 4

Germany 2

N of shipments / year 4 6 7 2

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ConclusionsConclusions

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Tasks for mid-term implementation

Securing and further development of an adequate Spent Fuel Management Infrastructure is a top priority task for Rosatom to facilitate ambitious Nuclear Power Development Program in Russia.

Construction of Dry Storage, R&Demo Reprocessing and Waste disposal Facilities at Mining Chemical Combine site are the “Starting” Projects which lead a way to a large scale SF management Complex in the Russian Federation.

Deployment of these facilities will increase export potential for Russian nuclear technologies including back-end fuel cycle services.

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Thank you for your

attention