Restricted UNDP/SIN/80/002 Terminal Report SINGAPORE

Development of the Instrumentation

United Nations Educational, United Nations Scientific and Deve lop ment Cultural Organization Programme

and Control Diploma Programme, Phase I I

Project Findings and Recommendations

Serial No.: FMWSC/OPS/87/269 (UNDP)

Paris, 1987

S I N G A P O R E

i-

DEIELOPMEMï OF THE INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROL DIPLOMA PROGRAMME, PHASE II

Project Findings and Recommendations

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization

Report prepared for the Gov&mnent of the Republic of Singapore by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (Unesco) acting as Executing Agency for the United Nations Development Programe

.

( w p )

United Nations Development Programe

UNDP/SIN/80/002 Terminal Report FMR/SC/OPS/ 8 71 2 6 9 (UNDP) 23 September 1987

@Unesco 1987 Printed in France

(i>

Table of Contents

I. INTRODUCTION

II. OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT

III. OUTPUTS AND ACTIVITIES

IV. ACHIEVEMENT OF IMMEDIATE OBJECTIVES

V. UTILIZATION OF PROJECT RESULTS

VI. EXTERNIIL RELATIONS

VII. FINDINGS

VIII. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

APPENDIX A : Singapore Polytechnic

APPENDIX B : Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering

Page

1 - 2

2 - 3

3 - 4

4

5 - 6

6

6

7

8 - 9

10 - 11 APPENDIX C : Programme of Studies - Electronics

and Communication Department 12

APPENDIX D : Instrumentation and Control Systems Course synop ses 13 - 14

APPENDIX E : Training manuals 15

APPENDIX F : List of National Staff 1

APPENDIX G : Unesco Fellowships

16

17

APPENDIX H : Equipment list for subjects: Instrumentation and Control Systems 18

APPENDIX I : List of International Staff 19

SIN/80/002 - Development of the Instrumentation and Control Diploma Programme, Phase II

TERLYINAL REPORT

L

I. INTRODUCTION

1. The Project was intended to consolidate and bring to full fruition the efforts made in the past under the UNDP/Unesco assisted project SIN/74/013 at the Singapore Technical Institute (STI) and to upgrade the Instrumentation and Control course from its existing level (Industrial Technician Certificate - ITC) to the Technologist Diploma level. technology was changing very rapidly, the final report on the Instrumentation and Control Project SIN/74/013 Phase I recommended continuing assistance from UNDP/ Unesco in order to update knowledge.

Since Instrumentation and Control was a field where

2. The demand for qualified Instrumentation and Control technologists had increased substantially, in terms of numbers and especially in terms of the standard and range of training and experience expected. of more sophisticated and technologically progressive production in Singapore in areas such as microprocessors, advanced medical instrumentation for hospitals and instrumentation for pollution monitoring as well as automatic analysers in industry, training should be designed to equip graduates with sufficient skills to enable them to cope with work at existing levels and at levels that may be required in-the near future and also to adapt to new processes.

Due to the development

3. A feasibility study undertaken by Unesco noted from the points of view of the budget, technical development and staff'utilization, that it would be beneficial to transfer the Instrumentation and Control Diploma programme to the Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering at the Singapore Polytechnic (SP).

4. Polytechnic Act was passed by the Legislative Council. were made to bring the activities of the institution more into line with the manpower needs implied by the Government's industrialization policy. During the period from 1963 - 1964, the craft courses offered by the Polytechnic were transferred to the Balestier Junior Trade School which became the Singapore Vocational Institute. In 1969 - 1970, the Industrial Technician Certificate Course was introduced but in 1975, owing to further re-organization, was placed under the supervision of the Industrial Trainiu Board. Currently, seven departments of the Polytechnic offer Technologist Diploma courses: Civil Engineering and Building, Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Communication Zngineering, Hechanical and Production Engineering, Nautical Studies, Chemical Process Technology and ihrine Engineering. The Education Technology, English Language and Mathematics/Science Divisions make up the service units (see Apprendix A).

The Singapore Polytechnic was founded in October 1954 when the Singapore In 1959, major changes

5. Singapore Polytechnic offers a Technologist Diploma in Electronics and Communication Engineering. This course in applied engineering science prepares students for branches related to Electronic Devices, Circuits and Systems.

The Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering of the

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The Department also conducts courses in various endorsement subjects for Polytechnic graduates in this field (see Appendix B).

6. The next phase of the Project was to develop the Instrumentation and Control Diploma programme (Phase II). A formal request for approval of this phase of the Project was submitted in December 1980 and accepted by UNDP in January 1981. Unesco was designated as the Executing Agency for the project SIN/80/002 and the Singapore Polytechnic as the Government Co-operating Agency, Field work commenced in January 1981 and was scheduled for completion in December 1983. This period was subsequently extended to October 1985 so as to accommodate two lecturers sent on UNDP fellowships for post-graduate studies.

7. An estimated budget of US $248,000 was proposed at the inception of the Project. The actual expenditure has been $214,274.

II. OBJECTIVES OF THE PR0,JECT

A.. Development objective

8. The overall development objective was to further technical training facilities in the field of Instrumentation and Control in order to meet the growing need for qualified technical manpower. Síngapore'.s move towards higher technology.

This aim was in line with

., B.

9.

Immediate objectives

The immediate objectives of the Project were:

(i] To transfer to the Singapore Polytechnic the Instrumentation and Control training programme developed under Phase I in the Electrical and Electronic Engineering Department of the Singapore Technical Institute and to upgrade the course to the Diploma level.

Initially, discussions were held with the Heads of Department at the Polytechnic with a view to creating a separate division for Instrumentation and Control. However, it was finally decided that the Instrumentation and Control programme should be implemented as a third-year . .

option in the Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering (see Appendix Cl.

i

(ii) To develop three specialized topics in Instrumentation and Control as part of the third-year Diploma option, including: Instrumentation and Control II (computer control of industrial processes), Advanced Electronic Instrumentation used in electronic analysers for process and pollution control, Electronic Instrumentation used in the medical field and Process Control Instrumentation with emphasis on Direct Digital Control.

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Accompanying activities would include appropriate laboratory experiments, the provision of training manuals and the recruitment of qualified local staff.

(iii) To consolidate curricula and teaching materials for related subjects, along the lines of the training manuals on Medical Instrumentation and analysers prepared by the Consultant (see Appendices D and E).

III. OUTPUTS AND ACTIVITIES

A. Internat ional expert

10. Mr. Ofer Bar was the Expert for Instrumentation in the Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering at the Singapore Polytechnic over the period from 1 January 1981 to 5 September 1982. Throughout his 20 month assignment he worked with the national counterparts in the Department (see Appendix F).

B. Fel 1 ow ships

11. Four lecturers from the Department of Elactronics and Communication Engineering were sent on UNDP fellowships to pursue M.Sc. courses at different institutions in the United Kingdom. Four fellowships were made available although only two had been planned initially, as the second consultancy in Process Control and Robotics was not filled.

12. After successfully completing their post-graduate courses, Messrs. Goh Poh Heng, Yeh Min Shon, Tan BinChyeand Lew Tong Yong returned to work at the Singapore Polytechnic. They developed and consolidated the syllabuses, curricula and teaching materials for (Instrumentation)), (Control, and t(Micr0processor Application). The teaching materials include lecture and tutorial notes, laboratory sheets and work sheets to facilitate learning. Mr. Tan Bin Chye has since resigned from the service (see Appendix G).

C. Recruitment and staff development

13. In order to augment the staff strength required for teaching in the new field, additional lecturers and laboratory technicians were recruited for the Electronics and Communication Engineering Department. This was in-accordance with the Project Agreement.

14. The Singapore Polytechnic has also sponsored several other members of staff willing to upgrade their knowledge in the area of Instrumentation and Control, supplementing the fellowships awarded by UNDP. The institution has continued to develop staff expertise to keep pace with the technological advances.

D. cal industries

15. In the initial stages of the programme, donations of second-hand equipment for the study of medical and laboratory analysers and to facilitate

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first-hand experience for student-technologists were solicited from appropriate industries such as Shell Eastern Petroleum Company (Pte) Ltd., Fairchild Singapore Pte Ltd., and the Ministry of Health. suitable for use. Nevertheless, it was possible to dismantle some of the machinery and use the component parts as apparatus for other experimental projects. There was no provision in the funda provided by UNDP for the procurement.. of equipment.

Not all the equipment was

E. Transfer of instrumentation laboratories from the Singapore Technical Institute (STI)

16. During the feasibility study made in 1980, it was recommended that the ITC Instrumentation and Control course be transferred from the Singapore Technical Institute to the Singapore Polytechnic and at the same time upgraded to the Technologist Diploma level offered at the Polytechnic. However, as the Vocational and Industrial Training Board (VITB) wished to offer this subject as one of its modules in its national trade and craft courses, it retained the equipment for the Instrumentation and Control laboratories. While awaiting completion of the new buildings intended to house the Instrumentation and Control laboratories, the Department took steps to partition off some of the existing facilities 'to create space for instrumentation development.

IV. ACHIEVEMENT OF IMMEDIATE OBJECTIVE6 .

A. New course option

17. The main focus of the Project was the development and management of the new optional course (Instrumentation and Control)). When the new academic session commenced in June 1986, three specialized topics , ((Instrumentation)) , (Control)), and #Microprocessor Application, were offered under the Instrumentation and Control option. The last has been extended to students in other years of study as well as becoming one of the core subjects for all students pursuing the Electronic and Communication Engineering course.

B. Laboratories

18. Four well equipped laboratories have been set up to facilitate the teaching of the three topics. Two laboratories have been assigned to supplement >

the teaching of ((Microprocessor Application)) and one each for ((Instrumentation)) and (Control)). Polytechnic Five-Year Development Project from 1982 to 1986.

These laboratories were equipped with funds from the SingapoFe Y

C. Student enrolment

19. One hundred and twenty or 25% of the available students chose this option in June 1986. More students are expected to enrol as the programme develops. Meanwhile, appropriate laboratory experiments are continuously being developed and upgraded. Staff are also encouraged to keep in touch with industry to ascertain requirements and ensure that the students are adequately trained.

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V. UTILIZATION OF PROJECT RESULTS

20. On the completion of their course, students who chose the Instrumentation and Control option would be able to:

I

(a) select appropriate transducers to measure physical parameters such ao flow, temperature, level, position, speed, etc. for both pneumatic and2lectronic instrumentation, robotic and control systems applications;

interface the chosen transducer with an appropriate control system;

(b)

(c) choose appropriate control elements to satisfy a given control problem and implement them using appropriate technology;

(d) install, commission and trouble-shoot the control system once designed;

(e) properly document the system installation and further modifications;

(f) provide system support functions to sales engineers for instrumentation, robotic and control applications;

be capable of using appropriate CAD/CAM technology in the instrumentation, robotic and control fields;

(8)

(h) be capable of using appropriate computer-aided testing techniques;

(i> assume supervisory and leadership roles in industry;

. (j) choose between alternative control strategies based on specifications and cost/benefit analysis;

(k) display a professional attitude towards their work and working relationships with their peers.

21. These graduates can obtain employment and contribute to technological know-how in the following fields (within the industry or the service organizations): -

(i) Basic Process Industries:

Traditional and Computer-Based Control of Industrial Processes, i.e. (petroleum, food, etc.)

(ii) Aviation and Maritime Industries:

Analysis, design, installation and report of instrumentation systems for shipsldrilling rigs, etc.

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(iii)

í iv>

(VI

(vi)

(viil

Industrial Process Control:

Specification, instáiíation, maintenance of automatic control. systems used in industry.

Robotics and Automated Factories:

Specification, installation and maintenance of control systems used in robotics and automated factory applications.

Analytical Instrumentation:

Repair and maintenance of analytical instrumentation for such fields as analytical chemistry, environmental control (micro-electronics), medical equipment, etc.

Building Management Systems:

Specification, installation, maintenance of automatic control equipment used in high-rise office and residential buildings.

Instrumentation and Control System Sales:

Sales and technical support for a wide range of instrumentation and control equipment.

22. By liaising with industry, donations of equipment were'received. Also, arrangements were made for lecturers to be attached to some of the companies so as to gain first-hand experience and to be kept informed of the progress and needs of industry in the area of instrumentation and control. Arrangements were also made with various companies prepared to accept student-technologists for industrial training as part of.their course requirements.

VI. EXTERNAL RELATIONS

23. From 2 - 6 February 1982, the Singapore Polytechnic hosted a Seminar and Workshop on «The Use of Laboratories in Engineering Education)), sponsored by the Unesco Regional Office in Jakarta. Many new ideas were presented and discussed at the Seminar such as the importance of Industrial Liaison and Dynamic Syllabuses for Instrumentation and Control.

VII. FINDINGS

24. Since the option on (Instrumentation and Control)) is recent, it is still too early to discuss any significant findings. However, since 25% of the available students have opted for it, there is every indication that the option has been welcomed. The benefits of the course will only appear once the students are fully employed in industry.

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VIII. CONCLUS IONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

25. favourable, not least because of the good job prospects it opens. will make a significant contribution to Singapore's technological progress.

The response of the student-technologists to the new option has been Their work

26. However, since instrumentation and control remains a field where new technology is changing rapidly, continuous updating of knowledge and skills for staff teaching in this subject area must be sustained. Instrumentation such as advanced circuitries in integrated circuits and microprocessors are integral parts of the industrial equipment used today. more overseas fellowships for further training or recruitment of consultants to advise and guide local staff in the development and management of the course.

Updating might take the form of

27. another project, SIN/84/003 (Technician Training)). enabled several local members of staff to improve their knowledge with regard to this option. staff expertise so as to ensure that student-technologists will receive the required training which will equip them for work in tho field of Instrumentation and Control.

UNDP has further assisted the development of this programme through The support provided has

The Singapore Polytechnic has undertaken to continue to upgrade its

. .

i

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APPENDIX A

Singapore Polytechnic

The Singapore Polytechnic was established in pctober 1954 when the Singapore Polytechnic Act was passed by the Legislative Council. academic term commenced in November 1958. The idea of a polytechnic dates from August 1951, when an ad hoc committee of the Malayan Society of Engineers, formed to investigakthe shortage of draughtsmen and technicians in the engineering industry, suggested training in other areas such as seamanship , architecture and accountancy. In September 1953, the committee, headed by Professor E.H.G. Dobby, recommended the establishment of a polytechnic. The Committee's report defines the Polytechnic as an institute teaching many branches of technical and professional knowledge and primarily intended to provide part-time instruction for employed people who seek additional skill in and more advanced knowledge of their occupation, and certification of their standards and attainments". The Government accepted the Dobby Report in principle. It invited Mr. A.W. Gibson, Principal of the Dudley and Staffordshire Technical College, United Kingdom, to advise on professional and administrative measures for the establishment of the Singapore Polytechnic.

The first

..

With the achievement of internal self-government in 1959, major changes were made in the Polytechnic to relate it more closely to the manpower requirements of the Government's industrialization programmes. The general education and office arts courses were discontinued and the remaining Departments of Engineering, Architecture and Building, Accountancy and Nautical Studies were fully established. A local examination system with external and internal examiners replaced the previous system of overseas examination. Diplomas at craft , technican and profess ional levels were awarded.

During the 1963-1964 Session, craft courses were transferred from the Polytechnic to the then Balestier Junior Trade School, which became the Singapore Vocational Institute. In the same year, a team of experts headed by Dr. C.A. Hart arrived from the United Kingdom to make recommendations on the development of advanced courses at the Polytechnic. It was subsequently announced that the Polytechnic was to develop into a technical college and a technical university. Meanwhile, negotiations were initiated with the University of Singapore to work out an arrangement under which the Polytechnic's professional enginnering, architecture and accountancy students would be awarded degrees by the University. Following agreement with the University, degree courses in these subjects began with effect from the 1965-:966 Session. undertaken in May 1969, the School of Accountancy and.the degree courses of the Schools of Engineering and Architecture & Building were transferred to the then University of Singapore. The Industrial Technician Certificate Course was introduced in the 1969-1970 Session as there was a demand for an intermediate level of graduates between the craft courses of the vocational institutes and the Polytechnic Technician Diploma to fill a wide range of junior technical posts with a minimum of further training. However, with further re-organization in 1975, the Industrial Technician Certificate Course was transferred to the Industrial Training Board and the Polytechnic now conducts mainly Technician Diploma Courses.

In 'the re-organization

1

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APPENDIX A (Cont'd)

Since 1972, the Polytechnic has been operating at its three campuses at Prince Edwards Road, Ayer Rajah Road and Dover Road. There is also a Boat and Radar Station of the Department of Nautical Studies at Pasir Panjang. The construction of the new Polytechnic on a 37 hectare site at Dover Road commenced on 15 October 1974. At a special ceremony held on 12 April 1975, the then Minister for Science and Technology, Dr. Toh Chin Chye, laid the Foundation Stone for the new Polytechnic. The new campus was officially opened by the Prime Minister, Mr. Lee Kuan Yew, on 7 July 1979.

i

There are seven academic Departments at the Polytechnic. These are the Departments of Civil Engineering and Building, Electriciai Engineering, Electronics and Communication Engineering, Mechanical and Production Engineering and Nautical Studies and the Divisions of Chemical Process Technology and Marine Engineering. Science and the Audio Visual Aids and English Language Units. There is also a Department of Continuing Education and a Computer Centre. The aims of the engineering departments and divisions are to provide trained technical personnel to meet the needs of industry, statutory bodies and the civil service. The Department of Nautical Studies trains young persons to become deck officers and radio officers on board merchant ships as well as providing further academic educationto merchant navy officers seeking advancement in their careers.

Support teaching is provided by the Division of Mathematics and

The Technician Diploma Courses are of three years' duration, if taken full-time. In certain fields, part-time day-release diploma courses are available and are of five years' duration. conducted in the evenings. Courses in the Department of Nautical Studies qualify students for certificates of the Polytechnic whilst at the same time prepare them for examinations leading to qualifications of the Marine Department and the Telecommunication Authority of Singapore.

These part-time diploma courses are also

The Technician Diploma Courses deal in depth with a specific area of technology and the emphasis is on industrial application. Forty per cent of the time is spent on practical work in the workshops and laboratories. Students are, in addition, given the opportunity to undertake training in industry under supervision during vacations. Every effort is made to integrate this training with the theoretical part of their course. Students pursuing the Pre-Sea Training Course in the Department of Nautical Studies have to undergo practical as well as theoretical training.

The Polytechnic maintaias close links with industry. Representatives from the Government, industry and labour sit on the Board of Governors. Various advisory committees representing the views of specific industries and of sections of industry meet from time to time to discuss special areas of interest. Such committees play a part in deciding on the courses, the syllabi and the type of practical training to be given.

I

- 10 - APPENDIX B

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering

The Department of Electronics and Communication -Engineering offers the Technician Diploma Course in Electronics and Communication Engineering. This course prepares students for the application of that branch of engineering science related to electronic devices, circuits and systems. The Department also conducts

- .- various endorsement subjects for Polytechnic graduates in this field.

Technician Diploma in Electronics and Communication Engineering

This is a three-year full-time or five-year part-time day-release or evenings-only course. .

Sub j -ec t s of study :

Full-time

1102 306 9 3070 5153 5164 516 7 6000 1500

Fu1 1 - t ime 1001 ' 1224 3230 3231 3232 3233 3234 3235

Full-time

1322 3214 3250 3251 3252 3253 3254

First Year :

Mathematics Electrical Engineering I Elect r on i c s Materials and Processes Engineering Drawing Mechanical Engineering Science Workshop Practice Language Laboratory

Second Year:

Computer Programming (for 'A' level students only) Mathematics and Computer Programming El ec t ronic Devices Engineering El ec t ronc is Electrical Engineering II Commun ic a t ion Eng in eer in g Princip 1 es Network Analysis and Measurements Electronic Project I

Third Year

Mathematics Electronic Project II Digital Electronics and Computer Fundamentals Industrial Electronics Television Engineering Electronic Communication Systems Instrumentation and Control

- 11 - APPENDIX B (Cont'd)

Day-release/Evenings-only First Year:

1102 Mathematics 306 9 Electrical Engineering I 3070 Electron i cs 516 7 Mechanical Engineering Science

Day-release/Evenings-only Second Year:

1222 Mathematics 3234 Network Analysis and Measurements 5153 Materials and Processes 5164 Engineering Drawing

Day-release/Evenings-only Third Year :

1322 Mathematics 3230 Electronic Devices 3231 Engineering Electronics 3232 Electrical Engineering II

Day-release/Evenings-only Fourth Year:

1001 Computer Programing 3233 . Communication Engineering Principles 3250 3251 Industrial Electronics

Digital Electronics and Computer Fundamentals

Day-release/Evenings-only Fifth Year:

325 2 Television Engineering 3253 Electronic Communication Systems 3254 Instrumentation and Control

- 12 - APPENDIX C

Programme of Studies - Electronics and Communication Department ,

Proposed Three-year Full-time Course Programme for:

(a) Technician Dip.loma in Telecommunication Engineering

(c) 'L (b) Technician Diploma in Computer Engineering

Technician Diploma in Instrumentat5on and Control Engineering

Key: hpw = Hours per week L = Lecture T = Tutorial Lb = Laboratory/practical

-

1'0' Levei IntakeJ

Year I (Common 1 1983184

Total hpw 29L

hPW L I Lb

1. Mathematics T i r 2. Elect.Engg.1 2 1 14 3. Electronics 2 l + 4. Digital Electronics 2 1 i/t 5. Katerials h Processes 2 - 2 6. hgg.Drawing h Drafting - - 3 7. Eltrn.W'shop Practice - - 3 ô. Mach.W'shop Practice - - 3 9. English Language

(hpv yet to be decided)l0

'A' Level Intake Yi Year II (Common) 1984 I85

Total hpw Si.$

hp h' L y L b 2 1 - i. Machematics

2. Comptiter Programing 1 1 1 3

4. Linear Network h Systems 2 1 1 L 3. Project I - -

6. Analogue Systems 7. Digital Systems 8. Analogue Cornnication

9. English Language

I 5. Elect.Engg.11 2 1 ir,

2 1 l h 2 1 1%

Systems 2 1 K .

(hpw yet to be hcided) 13 7 11%

1 r I Year III (1985/86)

Tel e c o m n ica t ion Engineering hPV

L T S - 1. Mathematics 2 1 -

3 2. Project II - - .3. Data Cornnicarion 2 1 i& 4. Computer d

Microprocessor Applications 2 1 lk Cy stems 2 1 14

5. Digital Communications

6. Transmission Systems 2 14 7. Television Engg. 2 1 1::

12 6 10.4

Total hpw 28%

I JI

hpv Compurer Engineering - L T S 1. Mathematics 2 1 -

3 2. Project II - - 3. Data Communication 4. Computer &

Microprocessor

2 1 14

Applications 2 1 l'i 2 1 l!

System Design 2 1 1%.

5. Software Engg. 6. Compuier ûperations 2 1 1'9 i: Microprocessor

12 6 10:

Total hpw 28,;;.

i Instrumentation &

hPV Control b g g . .

77- L T Lb 1. ulathematics

3. Data Cornnication 2 1 li 4. Computer &

3, 2. Project II - - Microp roc essor Applications 2 1 1.

7. Control 2 1 1%

Total hpw 28.'~

5. Power Electronics 2 1 1% 6. Instrumentation 2 1

12 6 loli

- 13 - APPENDIX D

Instrumentation and Control Systems Course synopses

Instrumentation Course synopses

Tran s duc e r s

Sensors for physical and analytical measurements. Character ist ic s of sensors and cal ibrat ion. Signal converters.

Signal proce ss ing

Signal processing circuits using operational amplifiers . Integrated instrumentation amplifiers. Programmable operational amplifiers. Linear multipliers. Shielding and guarding in electronic instrumentation. Safety precautions.

Dig i tal t echniques

Sampling and quantization. Time division multiplexing and pulse modulation techniques. Analog multiplexers, digital to analog and analog to digital converters. Sample and hold circuits. Display and recording devices. Digital signal processing using microprocessors.

Data acquisition

Data logging and data reduction. Microprocessor applications in data acquisition. Hardware and software interfacing. Standard bases. Alarm and interlock systems.

Data communication

Common codes in data communication. Transmission modes. Phase locked loop applications in MODEM. Error detecting and correcting codes. Network configuration and protocols.

Applications

Applications in medical instrumentation, industrial process control and computer networks.

- 14 - APPENDIX D (Cont'd)

Control systems Course synopses

Introduction to Control Theory I

Examples of open-loop and closed-loop control systems. Definition of linear control system. Models of linear control systems. Analysis by transform techniques. General characteristics of open-loop and closed-loop systems. System specification. Concept of stability . Steady-state and transient responses.

Introduction to Control Theory II

Stability analysis. Frequency response, phase margin and gain margin.

Applications to Senromechanism

Servo-system components. System type classification. Analysis of second order system, relationship between frequency and time responses. Compensation techniques.

Applications to Industrial Processes

Process plant descriptions. Interaction in process. Control mode and system performance. Perf ormance criteria. Practical process controllers, alignment and calibration. Process transducers and transmitters, calibration. Control valve characteristics and selection. Controller settings. Case studies of some typical industrial process control system. Advanced control techniques.

Computer Control Systems

Direct digital control and backup measures. Set point control. Application of microprocessors in multi-loop processes. Distributed control with microprocessors.

- 15 - APPENDIX E

Training manuals

Medical Electronics (3 volumes)

Vol. I - EKG Amplifiers Arrhythmia Monitors Blood Pressure Instruments Direct Sy sto 1 ic /Dias to1 ic Measurements

. .

Vol. II - Respiratory Monitors Oxygen Analysers Blood-Gas Analysers Cardiac-Output Analysers Medical CRT Displays

Vol. III - Recorders Cardiac Pacemakers Defibrillators Test Instruments Safety in the ICU/CCLJ

Analysers (1 volume)

Chapter 1 Non Selective Analysers Hydrostatic Densimeter Picnometric Densimeter Piezometric Instruments Pneumometric Densimeter Thermal Densimeter Thermal Densimeter based on vapour pressure Radiation Densimeter Measurement Viscosity Viscosimeter based on the attenuation of a sound wave Rota t ing Body Vi sco s ime t er Brookfield Viscosimeter Rotametric Viscosimeter Measurement of Viscosimeter of time measurement Measurement of Paste Viscosity

Analysers based on optical properties of liquids and gases

Chapter 2 Colorimeter Turbidity Measurement Turbidity Measurement Bran and Turbidity Measurement Photometer Gas Colour and Gas Turbidity Measurement Sil ic ome t er

Measurement of the crvstallisation point

Chapter 3 Refractometer Industrial Refractometer Polarimeter Analysers based on electrical properties Conduct ive Measurement

- 16 - APPENDIX F

List of- Natconal Staff

Name Position Held Qualifications

Dr. Khoo Poon Tong Head of Department B. Sc., .M.Phil., Ph.D, M.Inst.P, C.Eng. , MIERE, MIEE.

Miss Chew Moi Tin Lecturer B.Sc.(Elec.& Elect.)(Hons)

m. Lee Wee Sit Lecturer B.Eng.(Elect.), MIS

Mr. Tan Bin Chye Lecturer B. Sc. (Elec. (Hons) Tech.Dip. (Elect.& Com.)

- 17 - APPENDIX G

Unesco Fellowships

Name of Fellow Country of Field of Origin Study

Goh Poh Heng Singapore &Ec (Control S y c t ems )

Tan Bin Chye S ingap o re MSc (Pigital ins t rumen t at i on)

Yeh Min Shon Singapore ' MSc (Robotics)

Lew Tong Yong Malays i a . MSc (Robotics) ( S ing ap o re P.R.)

-- .

Place of Period of Study S t udy

Univ. of 28.9.82 to . .-

Manchester 30.9.83 Inst. of Sc. & Tech., UK

Univ. College 27.9.82 to of Swansea, 19.9';83 UK

Imperial 1 J0.84 to College of 3.10.85 Sc. & Tech. UK

üriiv. of ió. 9. a4 to Wales, Inst. 15.10.85 of sc. & Tech., UK

- 18 - APPENDIX H

Equipment list for subjects: Instrumentation and Control Systems

De script ion

In s t rumen ta t ion Lab oratory

Breadboard with supplies and switches Breadboard

Dual output power supply

Ultra low frequency function generator Oscilloscope

6809 based single board micro-computer with analogy interface

Control Laboratory

Servomechanism teaching set

Process control simulator

X-Y plotter Electronic controller

Electronic differential pressure transmitter

Pneumatic control ler

Model plant Micro-computer with real time operating system

Chart recorder with drive motor telecommanded by external contact

Pneumatic supply system

Total :

Unit

($1 Quantity , Price

15

300

15

15

15

1.5

2

2

2

4 4 2

3

2

2

1

1 , 200

50

1 , 200 3,500

1,500

2 , O00

8 , 500 6,500

3,000

4,000

4,000

3,000

20 , O00 50 , O00

5 , O00 12,000

Total cost ($1

18,000

15,000

18,000

52,500

22,500

30,000

17,000

13,000

6 , O00 16 , O00 16 , O00 6 , O00

6 O,, O00 100,000

10 , O00 12,000

The project provided no equipment from UNDP funds.

Name

Expert

Bar, 0.

Consultant

Bar, 0.

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APPENDIX I

List of International Staff

Country of Origin

Field of Specialization

Duration of Contract From To

Israel Instrumentation 01.01.81. 05.09.82 and Control

Israel 01.07.80 31.12.80