LOW COST MICRO IRRIGATION LOW COST MICRO-IRRIGATION TECHNOLOGIES
Development of low cost Birdsnest houses
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Development of Low Cost
Methods to Farm
Swiftlets
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Definition & Issues
“Swiftlet farming” can be defined as a production system of edible bird’s nests
using specifically-designed buildings for the swiftlets to roost and nest. Just like bees, the swiftlets are free to roam and forage
anywhere outside, only returning to roost at night.
Lim, C., K, Edible Bird’s Nest: Swiftlet
Farming in Specifically-Designed
Buildings, The Ingenieur, April 2007, pp.
19-23
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Issues
• Lucrative industry which attracts non-sustainable practices with those trying to maximise returns
• High failure rates of 70-80%• One of the fastest growing indusries in S.E. Asia• No accepted code of practice• Lack of opportunity for “low income groups” to
benefit from the industry• Lack of research into breeding biology of the
swift, low cost farming methods, etc• A number of “unknowledgeable” advisors and
consultants in the industry.
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Objectives
• To understand swiftlet nesting behaviour under captivity more thoroughly
• To develop low cost methods of swiftlet farming
• To research and develop sustainable practices and promote a code of practice
• To disseminate this information to rural communities
• To look at potential breeding practices
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Swiftlet Behaviour
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Swiftlet Distribution
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Collocia Aerodramus
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Collocalia esculenta
Glossy Swiftlet
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Collocalia linchi
Cave Swiftlet
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Aerodramus francicus
Mascarene Swiftlet
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Aerodramus infuscatus
Moluccan Swiftlet
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Aerodramus mearnsi
Philippine Swiftlet
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Aerodramus unicolor
Indian Swiftlet
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Natural Habitat
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Swiftlet Farming & Processing
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Objective and Process of swiftlet farming
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Swiftlet Nesting
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Collection
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Sorting and Cleaning
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To the Consumer
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To the Consumer
Market size unknown but rapidly growing
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Future Products
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Market Size
World market estimated at 500 Tonnes
USD 735 Million
Production
Indonesia 250 Tonnes
Thailand 100 Tonnes
Vietnam 100 Tonnes
Malaysia 50 Tonnes
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Number of Swiftlet Houses
Malaysia
Post WWII Formal swiftlet farming (1950-90)
Acoustic techniques 1995
1997 150 houses
2000 800 houses
2003 7000 houses
2007 10000+ houses
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Significance to Thailand Economy (Agriculture Industries)
Rank Industry Exports (USD) 5 years Growth
(%)
Last Years Growth (%)
1 Natural rubber and similar natural gums 3694645 179% 8.2%
2 Crustaceans, molluscs and aquatic invertebrates 2496774 24.1% 10.9%
3 Rice 2321682 47.1% -13.7%
4 Pearls and precious or semiprecious stone 989895 76.94% 17.59%
5 Meat and edible meat offal, prepared or preserved, n.e.s. 878513 122% 36.58%
6 Sugars, molasses and honey 798453 4.34% -8.4%
7 Edible products and preparations, n.e.s 788382 127.7% 25.6%
8 Fruit, preserved, and fruit preparations (excluding fruit juices) 656935 56.9% 10.9%
9 Paper and paperboard 571437 54% 22.77%
10 Starches, inulin and wheat gluten; glues 535797 73.41% 10.3%
11 Feeding stuff for animals (not including unmilled cereals) 498150 83% 15.1%
12 Fish, fresh (live or dead), chilled or frozen 475850 24% 12.6%
13 Fruit and nuts (not including oil nuts), fresh or dried 282298 56.9% 19.35%
14 Vegetables, roots and tubers, prepared or preserved, n.e.s. 254699 40.4% 4.76%
15 Crude vegetable materials, n.e.s. 147587 55.2% 8%
16 Raw and Refined Birds' Nest 147058 400% 25%
17 Milk and cream and milk products other than butter or cheese 143886 43.24% 4.86%
18 Fixed vegetable fats and oils, soft, crude, refined or fractionated 97060 46% -25%
19 Tobacco, unmanufactured; tobacco refuse 63220 10.71% -10.53
Sources: International Trade Centre UNCTAD/WTO
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Pattani
An established urban industry
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CS Pattani Hotel “A reversal of the theory”
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PerlisMalaysia
A Rapid Growth Industry
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Rural Birdhouses
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A relatively new “birdtown”
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Pak Panang
The Bird City of South East Asia
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Up to USD 5 Mil Investments (many Malaysians and Singaporeans)
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Ranong
An emerging industry set for rapid growth
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Industry Just Starting in Hat Yai
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Beliefs and Aspects of the Birds House
Industry
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Chumpon
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Big capital investment
Bird Cities
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Conventional Thinking Based on Observation
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Swiftlets are at home nesting on many different materials in “unrecommended”
conditions
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The classic style (unofficial industry standard)
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Our Hypothesis
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Appears Swiftlets like to nest near people
Do not have to be massive buildings
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Not necessary to construct using materials and methods most
“consultants” are recommending
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Basic P
atta
ni B
ird H
ouse
Layo
ut
10 Feet
18 Feet
36 Feet
12 Feet
8 Feet Top V
iew
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3 Ft 3 Ft
6 Feet
5 Feet
9 Feet
23 Feet
End View
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14 Feet
8 Feet 1 Ft
9 Feet
23 Feet
Side View
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Top V
iew
(Rein
force
ments)
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Materials
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Variables
Success or Failure
LocationSelection of
position
Entry and exit into house, if no nesting
If no entry/exit
Acoustics Position
Reach Distance
Recording source
Monitoring of population in area
Temperature Humidity Boards Inside Acoustics
Design
Risk Management
Code of Practice
Land DevelopmentMaterial Cost
• Clay• Sand
• CementLabour Cost
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Risk Management
• Proper survey of area before building
• Construct proper conditions for nesting
• Use correct acoustics (part of project will be to record bird sounds for distribution)
• Sustainable harvesting
• Prevent predators entering
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Power Supply
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The next stage would be to build swiftlet houses from pre-cast ferro-cement sheets which
could be assembled on site.
This building method could support 2 story construction