DEVELOPMENT OF FACE

PRESENTER- DR KAPIL AMGAIN

SCHEME OF PRESENTATION: INTRODUCTION DEVELOPMENT OF FACE: EXTERNAL NOSE LOWER LIP UPPER LIP CHEEKS PALATE NASAL CAVITY EYES IN BRIEF AURICLE ANOMALIES

INTRODUCTION

The paired maxillary and mandibular prominences are produced mainly by the expansion of neural crest populations that originate from the mesencephalic and rostral rhombencephalic neural folds during the fourth week.

These cells are the major source of connective tissue components, including cartilage, bone, and ligaments in the facial and oral regions

The five facial primordia that appear as

prominences around the stomodeum are :

The single frontonasal prominence The paired maxillary prominences The paired mandibular prominences

The frontal part of the FNP forms the forehead; the nasal part of the FNP forms the rostral boundary of the stomodeum and nose .

Most of the upper lip, maxilla, and secondary palate form from the maxillary prominences .

The primordial lips and cheeks are invaded by

mesenchyme from the second pair of pharyngeal arches, which differentiates into the facial muscles.

The intermaxillary segment gives rise to: The middle part (philtrum) of the upper lip,the premaxillary part of the maxilla and its associated gingiva (gum), primary palate.

DEVELOPMENT OF EXTERNAL NOSE

DEVELOPMENT OF UPPER LIP

DEVELOPMENT OF CHEEK

DEVELOPMENT OF THE PALATE The palate develops in two stages:

The development of a primary palate The development of a secondary palate

begins in the sixth week

Primary Palate

The primary palate forms the anterior/midline aspect of the maxilla, the premaxillary part of the maxilla. It represents only a small part of the adult hard palate (i.e., anterior to the incisive fossa).

SECONDARY PALATE

DEVELOPMENT OF NASAL CAVITY

DEVELOPMENT OF EYE Optic grooves Optic sulcus ( 22nd day) optic vesicles ( 4th week )

optic stalks

Lens placodeslens pitslens vesicles ( 6th week)

optic cups

Auricle Development

AURICLE

CONGENITAL ANOMALIES CONGENITAL ANOMALIES OF FACE: 1) HARE LIP ( CLEFT LIP) : CENTRAL CLEFT UPPER LIP LATERAL CLEFT UPPER LIP BILATERAL CLEFT LIP 2) CENTRAL CLEFT LOWER LIP

CLEFT LIP

3) FACIAL CLEFT : LATERAL FACIAL CLEFT OBLIQUE FACIAL CLEFT

MACROSTOMIA

MICROSTOMIA

MANDIBULOFACIAL DYSOSTOSIS

AGNATHIA

HYPERTELORISM

PROBOSCIS

CONGENITAL ANOMALIES OF PALATE CLEFT PALATE:

ANOMALIES OF AURICLE

AURICLE – TOTALLY ABSENT PARTIALLY ABSENT ISOLATED NODULES FAILURE OF MIGRATION AURICULAR SINUSES

DEVELOPMENT OF EYE The eyes are derived from four sources:

The neuroectoderm of the forebrain The surface ectoderm of the head The mesoderm between the above layers Neural crest cells

The neuroectoderm of the forebrain differentiates into the retina, posterior layers of the iris, optic nerve. The surface ectoderm forms the lens of the eye and the corneal epithelium.

The mesoderm fibrous and vascular coats of the eye.

Mesenchyme is derived from mesoderm.

Neural crest cells differentiate into the choroid sclera corneal endothelium.