Development of Entrepreneurship

DEVELOPMENT OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP WITH

REFERENCE TO SEVERAL WHOLESALER/RETAILER

IN BARISAL CITY

PATUAKHALI SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY

Date of submission: November , 2008

DEVELOPMENT OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP WITH REFERENCE TO SEVERAL WHOLE SALER/RETAILER IN

BARISAL CITY

DEVELOPMENT OF ENTREPRENEURSHIPWITH REFERENCE TO SEVERAL WHOLESALER/RETAILER

IN BARISAL CITY

A Report

By

Group no. 02Level 03; Semester II

Session 2004-2005

COURSE TITLE: ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND SMALL BUSINESS

COURSE CODE: MST 326

FACULTY OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION AND MANAGEMENT


November , 2008


BARISAL CITY

DEVELOPMENT OF ENTREPRENEURSHIPWITH REFERENCE TO SEVERAL WHOLESALER/RETAILER

IN BARISAL CITY

SUBMITTED TO

Muhammad Mizanoor Rahman HawladerLecturer

Department of Marketing Faculty of Business Administration and Management

SUBMITTED BY

Group no. 02Level 03, Semester 02

Session 2004-2005

Group List

Abu-Al-ZubairRegistration No. 00677

Roll No.018

Shofiq Uddin KhanRegistration No. 00682

Roll No. 023

Dipayan ChakmaRegistration No. 00676

Roll No.017



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Letter of Transmittal

Date: November , 2008

Lecturer Department of Marketing Faculty of Business Administration & ManagementPatuakhali Science and Technology University

Subject: Submission of report on Development of Entrepreneurship with reference to several Wholesaler/Retailer in Barisal city

Dear Sir,Here, we submitting our report on “Development of Entrepreneurship with reference to several Wholesaler/Retailer in Barisal city” prescribed by you in your course – Entrepreneurship and Small Business. For this purpose, we have gone through different books, interview of several respondents like wholesaler and retailer and class lecture for the relevant information of assigned topic.

Please call me for any further information at your convenient time place.

Yours truly,Group: 02Level: 03; Semester: 02Session: 2004-05


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Contents TEXTS

Abstract -------------------------------------------------

01

Keywords--------------------------------------------

01

Introduction--------------------------------- 02

Objectives----------------------------------------- 02

Methodology--------------------------------------- 03

Limitation of the Study -------------------------------

04

Rationale of the Study-------------------------------- 04

Results and Discussions--------------------------------

05

Survey Area (Barisal city)------------------------------

06

Socio-Economic Background of Sample Respondents----

07

Age--------------------------------------------------- 07

Education---------------------------------------------- 08

Annual Income--------------------------------------- 09

Family Size-------------------------------------------- 10


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Occupational Mobility of Sample Entrepreneurs------

11

Potentialities of Entrepreneurship Development--------

12

Package Program for Entrepreneurship

Development----- 13

How do the sample entrepreneurs look at such a

program?-- 14

SWOT analysis--------------------------------------- 15

Policy implication---------------------------------------

16

Arrangement of Training Facilities----------------------

17

Integrated Package Assistance------------------------

18

Motivation to Research on Entrepreneurship----------

19

Conclusion ----------------------------------- 19

References------------------------------------

20

Appendix------------------------------------- 21


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DEVELOPMENT OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP

WITH REFERENCE TO SEVERAL WHOLESALER/RETAILER

IN BARISAL CITY

Abstract

Entrepreneurship is getting wider attention recently with increasing

globalization and also the saturation of the job market due to the recent

downturn in the various economies of the world. Bangladesh also

emphasizes on a more entrepreneurial economy towards accelerating the

economic growth by devoting necessary time and efforts. This study

provides a snapshot of the situation by interpreting the opinion of

respondents. A questionnaire survey was conducted to collect data for the

study. A total of 50 interviewers of various shops at Barisal city were

interviewed using a structured questionnaire. The study looked at the


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development of entrepreneurship with reference to several departmental

shops\stores rising and subjective norms which are determinants of

entrepreneurial intention and also attempted to find out the mean

difference among the groups. All the determinants were found to be

positively correlated with entrepreneurial intention. Further analysis of the

major variables yielded differences in relation to age, income, education,

parental occupation, family size and also prior experience with

entrepreneurship course/training. Implications for curriculum are further

discussed.

Keywords: Age, Income, Education, Parental occupation, Family size, Factors Indicating

Potentiality of Entrepreneurship, Adequacy and Efficacy of Package Assistance for

Entrepreneurship Development, Problems of Entrepreneurship.

INTRODUCTION

Entrepreneurship development is a precondition for the economic development of a country.

It produced the forces of change and also used them and eventually became the human

generator that accelerated the pace of development throughout the world. Over the last

several years, some developing countries recorded spectacular growth and success of small

entrepreneurs. It is true that a congenial environment is indispensable to create and develop

effective entrepreneurs in the country. The poor economy of Bangladesh can hardly afford

entrepreneurship development other than in small-scale ventures. In fact, a balance

development of the economy is largely contingent upon small- scale enterprises for a good


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many reasons, viz., huge unemployment, technological backwardness, poor infrastructural

frame-work and scarcity of capital etc.

Review of the literature

Review of the literature is helpful to find out the research work and reports with

relevant to the proposed research and report topic. It aims to instruct in designing the

future research problem and examining the validity of new findings. A good number

of researches have been done on entrepreneurship development. A few studies have

already been conducted regarding the topic which has given below:

Individual Entrepreneurship Capacity and Performance of SMEs was published by

Leitão, João and Franco, Mário University of Beira Interior, University of Beira

Interior 09. April 2008

Development Of Entrepreneurship With Reference To Poultry Farms Of Chittagong

this report was prepared by Mohammad Solaiman and Mohammad Tayub

Chowdhury at 2006.\

Attributes of Entrepreneurs: Personality, was published by Versus Perspective Caron

H. St. John.

Objectives of the Study

The main objective of this study is to pin-point the favorable socioeconomic factors and

relevant issues for entrepreneurship development with particular reference to developing the

departmental stores. In the light of this main objective and the research problem cited above,

the specific objectives of the study have been earmarked as follows:

(i) To bring to focus socio-economic background of sample entrepreneurs.

(ii) To examine the potentialities of entrepreneurship development with reference to sample

different shops.

(iii) To identify the problems faced by sample entrepreneurs.


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(iv) To suggest probable lines of action to overcome these problems.

Methodology of the Study

The present study was confined to the Barisal city. The reason for selecting Barisal was based

on the consideration that it will fully represent the picture of a city and be homogeneous in

terms of socio-economic environment.

The main feature of the present study is the extensive use of primary data relevant to socio-

economic factors by the sample entrepreneurs of departmental store. In order to get the

requisite primary data, a structured questionnaire was prepared in the light of the objectives

of the study. A pilot survey was conducted before the finalization of the questionnaire and

expert opinion was also solicited in the finalization of the same. The sizes of sample

entrepreneurs were limited to 50. The technique of purposive sampling was used to select the

respondents. The size of shops is in about 2000 in the study area. Out of these, 50 shops

were chosen for study purpose on purposive sampling basis. The main reasons for limiting

the study to 50 shops of Barisal were easy access of the researchers to the sample shops, time

and financial constraints at the disposal of the researchers. Requisite data and information

were collected through direct interview method by the researchers personally. It may be

mentioned that the data and information of this paper were collected during the period from

July 2008 to September 2008. The relevant and supporting secondary data were collected

through desk study in order to present the fact in a logical format. The desk study covered

textbooks, research articles, research monographs and various published & unpublished

materials on the subject. The data and information, thus collected were processed and

analyzed in order to make the study more attractive, useful and informative to the readers.

Various statistical tools namely average and percentages were used in the study. Factors

indicating growth of entrepreneurs with reference to weighted scores rated departmental

shops. Seven points bi-polar scale systems were used in measuring opinion of the sample

respondents. The analyses of findings are made under the following main captions keeping in

mind the objectives of the study.

Limitation of the Study


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This study involves a number of problem and short comings during the conduct of the study

which are given below:

1. They are unwilling to provide sufficient primary data to us to prepare the report.

2. Owners of several shops always try to maintain the secrecy of the information.

3. Lack of proper secondary information that is very essential to prepare the report.

4. Previous research papers related this type of research is not available.

5. Vast scope and descriptive nature of study

6. This study is based upon collected information of 50 samples respondent, which is not

adequate. If the study covers more areas and more samples the results and conclusions

of the study might be more meaningful and more useful.

Research Gap

The literatures reviewed above clearly indicate that the professionals and researchers pay

comparatively little concentration to the study upon the socio-economic condition,

potentiality, problems etc. considering the development of entrepreneurship. The attributes

underlying the successful entrepreneur in Bangladesh have been mostly unexplored. Though

entrepreneurship development can accelerated the economic growth but the researchers in

Bangladesh do not appear to have much attention too to the studies on such issues. Therefore,

no sophisticated research paper or research monograph is available to the researchers.

Rationale of the Study

Bangladesh is one of the most populous countries of the world. Within a small territorial area

of 55,598 square miles a population of the size of about 15 crores live, majority of them, are

illiterate, poor, unemployed. Again, the economy of Bangladesh is day by day becoming

industry base and which contributes a big percent of GDP. Entrepreneurship development is

one of the most important items in this sector. Thus, by providing employment opportunities,

Departmental stores\shops help in reducing unemployment, under-employment and disguised

unemployment on one hand and it may play a positive role in increasing economic activities.


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Again, the Government of Bangladesh for sometimes back has been giving emphasis on

balanced economic development. In the latter context, departmental stores/shops has received

increased attention of the Government and the people of our country is now involving shops

without any hesitation.

Economic development and self-reliance for the people have been an important issue in the

political and economic arena of the country. Again, the entrepreneurial spirit/initiative is very

much present among the people of Bangladesh. So the issue of the entrepreneurship

development of Bangladesh in the context of shops development needs to be carefully

analyzed.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

Entrepreneurship is essentially creative in nature. It is a matter of exploration and initiation of

new things, new way of doing things, new methods of production, new use and new market

for products or services. But scholars have explained entrepreneurship much above this

general definition.


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Entrepreneurship, according to Schumpeter, is essentially a creative activity, the

entrepreneur being an innovator introduces something new into the economy, a method of

production not yet tested by experience in the branch of manufacture, a product with which

consumers are not familiar, a new source of raw material or new market hitherto unexplored

and other similar innovations (Schumpeter 1955: 51-52).

Federick Harbison states that the organization building ability is the most critical skill needed

for the industrial development. According to him, entrepreneurship means the skill to build

an organization (Harbison 1956: 364). However, entrepreneurship is commonly understood

as an act of drive, initiative, organized effort and achievement-oriented outlook to perform

specific function for undertaking productive activities and the capacity to bear associated risk

and uncertainty. Obviously, entrepreneurs are keystones in a private enterprise system. They

are man of drive, ability, ambition and technical knowledge. They are man of drive, ability,

ambition and technical knowledge. They emerge in the society by virtue of their personality

characteristics with necessary support from the socio-economic environment of the country.

Survey Area (Barisal City)

Barisal is a district in southern Bangladesh. It is also the headquarters of the Barisal Division.

The city lies in the Padma (Ganges) River delta on an offshoot of the Kirtonkhola River. In

1876, Barisal was incorporated into a municipality and later upgraded to City Corporation

consisting of 30 wards in 2002. Due to its location and easy access to both riverine and


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marine navigation channels, it has become a transshipment center for rice, hides, and pulses.

Bakery, textile, pharmaceutical products are output of a few industrial installation.

Socio-Economic Background of Sample Respondents

Age

Existing literature reveals that there is a relationship between socioeconomic background and

entrepreneurship development. The trading and industrial activities call for certain values

viz., acquisitive rationality, financial rationality and rationality of work etc. These can be


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acquired by systematic efforts. But, in a socio-economic inheritance process some benefits,

resources and privileges are passed on from the father and other family members to the next

generations.

Entrepreneurship just cannot be considered an individual phenomenon and strictly intrinsic to

the personality involved. As such, in order to measure the socio-economic background of the

sample entrepreneurs, the main indicators such as – age, education, annual income, family

size and occupation have been considered more relevant to the purpose of the study. Age at

the Time of Starting, plays an important role in the development process of entrepreneurship.

It has been gathered that analyzing the socioeconomic characteristics by age groups is an

effective tool in judging the personality of an entrepreneur in entry stage of a venture. The

collected data in this regard have been shown in Table – 1.

Table-1Age of sample entrepreneurs at the time of starting their shops\stores

Age (in years) Number of sample entrepreneurs

Frequency in percentage

Below-2021-2526-3031-3536-4041-45

46-above

371315642

6%14%26%30%12%8%4%

Total 50 100%[Source: Field Survey]

Table- 1 The owners that the sample entrepreneurs had an average (modal) age of 31.91

years at the time of starting their shops. Out of the 50 respondents, 38 (76%) established their

shops up to 35 years of their age and only 24% of the total sample entrepreneurs established

their shops after reaching 36th year of their ages. The scenario is also the same for other cities

entrepreneurs. It is also argued that this is the age when men can exert his talent, skill on one

hand and seems to be motivated to contribute towards innovation, risk taking, acquisition of

managerial capabilities and in marshalling resources for small ventures like developing

departmental store in building his career, on the other.


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Education

The formal education has always been considered an important asset of an individual in

building his occupational career. Further, education may eradicate inferiority complex and

provide social ladder for occupational mobility. However, a minimum level of education

seems to be needed to evaluate the opportunity structure and attain the skill to exploit the

available opportunity. The collected data in this regard have been shown in Table – 2.

Table-2

Table showing education of sample entrepreneurs

Education Number of sample entrepreneurs


Less than S.S.CS.S.CH.S.C

Graduate, Post-graduateTechnical & other

8151953

16%30%38%10%6%


Table-2 reveals that the education level of sample entrepreneurs ranges from 38% in the

“H.S.C.” category, followed by 30% respondents having educational background at S.S.C.

level. Again, it has been shown that 16%, 10% and 6% of the sample entrepreneurs have

educational background Less than S.S.C., being followed by “graduate” and “post graduate,

technical and others” respectively. However, it has been gathered that 86% of the Malaysian

entrepreneurs have some formal education although the percentage of higher education is not

high. Again, most Nigerian entrepreneurs are primary school leavers and Hong Kong

entrepreneurs have lower level of academic achievement and Chinese generally thinks

business as a substitute for education. But, the formal education is expected to increase the

supply of entrepreneurs by making available more skill, which is necessary to entrepreneurial

endeavors.

Annual Income


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Income may be conceived as a motivating factor, which induces a man to play a positive role

in sharpening his career and skill. Moreover, the income level is one of the significant

ingredients of financial incentives and thereby, ultimately affects development processes of

entrepreneurship. Against this background, the monthly income of sample entrepreneurs have

revealed in Table- 3.

Table-3Table showing sample Entrepreneurs According to Income level

Income Group(In taka)

Number of sample Entrepreneurs

Frequency inpercentage

Below – 40004001 – 70007001 – 80008001-1100011001-1200012001- 15000

15001 and above

371015852

6%14%20%30%16%10%4%


Table- 3 shows that out of 50 sample entrepreneurs interviewed, 30% have monthly income

between Taka 6001-9000, followed by 20% with income distribution of Taka 5001-6000 and

by 16% with income between Taka 9001-10000. It further portrays that the sample

entrepreneurs numbering 7 (14%), 5 (10%), 3 (6%) and 2 (4%) fall with in the income groups

of Taka 2001-5000, 10,001-13,000 below 2000 and 13001 & above respectively. It is also

true that economic gains are always conceived as a means to or as an indicator of social

status. This observation elucidates the faith on money power to gain status in the society (Siet

1974: 27).

Family Size

This factor has definite bearing on level of savings and investment and therefore on the

emergence and development of entrepreneurs. The small family size of Hong Kong

entrepreneurs has enabled them to carry on business with own savings. This has perhaps

encouraged greater amount of profit recycled for expansion and growth. In such a context, the

survey results have been shown in Table – 4.


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Table – 4Distribution of Sample Entrepreneurs According to Family size

Family size Number of sample entrepreneurs


Up to- 23-45-67-8

9 and above

5152172

10%30%42%14%4%

Total 50 100% [Source: Field Survey]

Table – 4 reveals that out of 50 respondents, 21 (42%) have family size between 5 – 6,

followed by 15 (30%) with family size between 3 – 4 and by 7 (14%) with family size

between 7- 8. The table further shows that the sample entrepreneurs numbering 5 (10%) and

2 (4%) fall within the family size of up to 2, on one hand, and 9 & above on the other. It is,

thus, asserted that the larger family size of sample entrepreneurs perhaps causes lower rate of

savings and investment, which, in turn, may lead to adverse impact on the flourishment of

entrepreneurship.

Occupational Mobility of Sample Entrepreneurs

The occupational mobility in a society, where an individual has greater freedom of choice, is

mainly determined by factors like motivation, efforts of an individual and opportunities

available. Moreover, it is argued that the socio-economic position of the father, as indicated

by his occupation, helps the entrepreneurs financially in building their occupational career as

entrepreneurs. In such a context, the collected data in this regard have been shown in Table –

5.

Table – 5Distribution of Sample Entrepreneurs According to parental occupation

Parental occupation Number of sample entrepreneurs


FarmingServiceOfficialBusinessLaborers

497273

8%18%14%54%6%

Total 50 100%


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[Source: Field Survey]

Table-5 shops owners that the occupational mobility of 27 (54%) sample entrepreneurs out

of a total of 50 have been business, followed by 9 (18%) with service. It has been further

revealed that 7 (14%), 4 (8%) and 3 (6%) of the sample respondents pointed out service in

office, farming and labour as their parental occupation. Moreover, the parental occupation is

an enabling factor since the bundles of skill, experience and training necessary to sense, view,

evaluate and exploit given opportunity can be obtained from parental circle free of cost,

easily, quickly and without undergoing exploitative apprenticeship system (Chowdhury 1988:

6). It has been gathered that 84% of Indian, 79% of Hong Kong and 84.5% of Malaysian

entrepreneurs originate from non-farm parental occupation background. It is found that

relevant parental occupation counts for success in entrepreneurship (Ouh 1978).

Potentialities of Entrepreneurship Development

The link between entrepreneurship and economic development is important for any country.

The determinants of entrepreneurship development are based on the socio-economic

conditions of a country. However, foreign scholars who have studied the socio-economic and

cultural setting of Bangladesh appear to think that Bangladesh has youths with potentiality to

be developed as entrepreneurs (Habibullah 1985: 49). A.F.A. Hossain fined that the

entrepreneurs in Bangladesh possess sufficient intelligence and smartness to take advantage

of available business opportunities (Hossain 1963). Study of Abdullah Farouk shows the

same result (Farouk 1983: 79). These are indicative of the potentialities of entrepreneurship

that can be developed. In such a context, the collected data in this regard have been revealed

in Table-6.

Table – 6Factors Indicating Potentiality of Entrepreneurship Development

Factors Entrepreneurs Ranking of factors

Weighted scores

Rating percent

Rank No.

To be self employed

To earn more money

To gain social status

No.1 No. 2 No. 3

33 9 5

9 23 6

13 9 7

122

79

64

32.70

21.70

17.68

1

2

3


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To use abundant material & cheap human resources

To choose shop keeper as a career

7 10 6

11 6 5

47

50

12.98

13.81

5

4

Total 73 57 29 362 100.00 -[Source: Field Survey]

[Note: The ranking factor indicates 3, 2 and 1 points respectively. The overall rankings have been made on the basis of the percentage of total weighted scores for each facilitating factor.]

Table – 6 reveals the major factors as opined by sample entrepreneurs regarding potentiality

of entrepreneurship development. It shows that more than 32% respondents regard “self

employment” as a significant factor. It occupies the highest position in the overall ranking.

Again, 33 of them ranked it first, 9 ranked second and 5 of the sample respondents ranked it

third. The table further reveals that the factors of potentiality ranges from use of abundant

material & cheap human resources having 12.98% at the lowest, ranked at fifth, to earning

more money with 21.82% at the second highest, i.e., ranked at second position. It is further

observed that 9 sample respondents ranked it as factor number one, 21 as factor number two

and 6 as the third potential factor. It is also revealed that the other factors of potentiality are

gaining social status and choosing poultry farming as a career and in terms of rating are

17.68% and 12.98% respectively. From the above facts it can be inferred that the potentiality

of entrepreneurship development in the study areas of sample respondents is of very high

degree.

Package Program For Entrepreneurship Development:

It’s Adequacy

In order to build up a stout and healthy nation, self employment is essential. The

economic development of the country can be augmented by raising entrepreneurship in a

large scale. Entrepreneurship development involves the development of the entrepreneur

himself, the human factor, and also creation of an environment where entrepreneurial


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activities can flourish. Moreover, it depends on multiple factors, which may be offered in an

integrated package program.

This type of program includes:

(i) Stimulatory activities,

(ii) Supportive activities and

(iii) Sustaining activities.

How Do The Sample Entrepreneurs Look at Such A Program?

How far such a package program is adequate? How far such a package program is adequate?

These pertinent questions require attention. Recognizing the need for knowing the attitude of

the entrepreneurship development, relevant information has been collected from the sample

entrepreneurs. Table – 7 reveals the opinions expressed by the sample respondents regarding

the factors of adequacy and efficacy in the area concerned have been processed through 7 –

points bi-polar scale system. In this scale, + 3 indicates full satisfaction, + 2 medium

satisfaction and + 1 least satisfaction and, on the contrary, - 3 indicates complete

dissatisfaction, - 2 moderate dissatisfaction and – 1 least dissatisfaction.

Table – 7

Opinions of the Sample Entrepreneurs Regarding Adequacy andEfficacy of Package Assistance for Entrepreneurship Development

Variables Average Score Remarks

Stimulatory activities:

Techno-economic information is available

1.4 Insignificant


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Motivational training for entrepreneurshipis purposeful

Entrepreneurial education is adequate

Publicity for entrepreneurial opportunities is

Supportive activities:

Availability of land, electricity etc.

Provision for tax relief is adequate

Arrangement of fund is adequate

Sustaining activities:

Marketing facilities are adequate

Full capacity utilization is ensured

Modernisation, diversification & expansion programme is purposeful

1.6

1.5

1.5

2.0

1.7

2.3

2.1

1.7

1.4

Insignificant

Insignificant

Insignificant

Insignificant

Insignificant

significant

Significant

Insignificant

Insignificant

Total 1.72 Insignificant

[Source: Field Survey.]

Table-7 respondent that the average score for all the 10 sub-variables taken together is 1.63.

The range of score is from 1.5 to 2.0. It is indicative of the inadequacy and inefficiency of the

integrated package assistance measures for entrepreneurship development in selected areas of

sample farms. It is observed that some components of the programmed, viz., publicity for

entrepreneurial opportunities, availability of land water etc. indicate significance, which

indicates adequacy and efficiency.


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Problems of Entrepreneurship Development

Many problems engulf the processes of entrepreneurship development among the sample

entrepreneurs of study areas in selected retailers and wholesalers. Based on empirical data a

number of problems has been identified which are revealed in Table- 8 in order of magnitude.

Table – 8Opinions of the Sample Entrepreneurs Regarding Problems of

Entrepreneurship Development

Problems Frequency in percentage

Instability of Govt. policy in the issueconcerned

100

Lack of adequate financial support 100

Absence of entrepreneurial courses in thecurriculum of educational organization

67.33

Ineffective motivational programs 50.66

Lack of effective training programs 40.55

Absence of effective management information system (MIS)

33.33

Lack of research on entrepreneurship problem

26.67

[Source: Field Survey]

Table –8 owners that instability of Govt. policy and lack of adequate financial support are

two most important problems in the process of entrepreneurship development. Absence of

entrepreneurship courses in the curriculum of educational institutions affect the

entrepreneurship development adversely which ultimately frustrate the sample entrepreneurs

in taking right decision in right time like shifting to new production technology or expanding

new venture. Motivational programs offered by Government and other development agencies

do not reportedly cover the prospective entrepreneurs. Scope of training to develop skill is far

from satisfactory. It appears from the observation that MIS and research on entrepreneurship

problems are absent in study areas. Thus, it has been found that the sample entrepreneurs are

deprived of receiving right information in right time and their attitude towards integrated

package program do not corroborate in the formulation of programs of entrepreneurship

development of the country.


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Policy Implications

Although the present study was confined to some selected shops, it may be appropriate to

state briefly the policy implications arising from the findings of the study. In this context, the

following policy actions may be considered worthwhile. Courses on Entrepreneurship may be

Introduced in the Curricula of Educational Institutions Courses on entrepreneurship may be

introduced in the curricula of Secondary and Higher Secondary Education in Bangladesh so

that school/college dropouts are exposed to possibilities of independent economic status.

Further, the youngsters, on completion of school college education may emerge as a job-

creator instead of job seekers. In Bangladesh, profitable investment avenues are available in

various fields like departmental stall involving simple technology, small capital and low

gestation period.

Availability of Credit Facilities Adequate institutional credit facilities may make available to

sample poultry farmers so that they do not fall prey to moneylenders. Further, red-tapism of

the bank officials needs to be simplified, so that prospective entrepreneurs can avail

themselves of credit facilities offered by concerned agencies.

Arrangement of Training Facilities

Training to entrepreneurs has become an essential factor at this moment. For better

assessment of training needs, training of entrepreneurs is most essential. It is also necessary

to train the trainers ASIAN of entrepreneurs. Further, local resources, technology and

existing stock of problems may be considered in designing training courses for entrepreneurs

like shop keepers. In this context, educational institutions, professional bodies can also

cooperate and collaborate.

Integrated Package Assistance

Integrated package assistance, viz., stimulatory, supportive and sustaining services may be

offered by the governmental and promotional agencies to the sample entrepreneurs in order to

develop entrepreneurship in study areas. For this purpose, clear-cut policy decisions may be

advocated.


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Motivation to Research on Entrepreneurship

Government and other funding agencies like CIDA, USAID, ADB and others may motivate

research works by concerned parties on relevant aspects of entrepreneurship development

which, in turn, may lead to solve the problems of entrepreneurship development of the

country.

SWOT Analysis

SWOT means strength, weakness, opportunities and threat. It is essential for evaluation of a entrepreneurship development and its future. It provides information and condition/ status on the present situation. From this the government could take an appropriate decision for further market development.

Strength

For development of entrepreneurship as the development of wholesaler and retailer, the strength of Barisal city are well arranged internal communication, high adoption ability of the customer for new product concept, the involvement of whole seller and retailer in entrepreneurship at a very early age etc.

Weakness

Ineffective motivational programs, Absence of entrepreneurial courses in the curriculum of educational organization, instability in profession, high reflection by the customer - these are the main weakness for the development of entrepreneurship in Barisal city.

Opportunities

The opportunities for entrepreneurship development are- high education level, large market size, and high consumption rate of customers etc.

Threats

Several threats are presented in Barisal such as- instability of Govt. policy in the issue concerned, lack of effective training programs, lack of adequate financial support, lack of research on entrepreneurship problem, low power supply and tax burden.

CONCLUSION


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In conclusion, it may be opined that the study area has growth potentials of entrepreneurship

in various sectors like departmental store building. Therefore integrated package program

may be launched for solving existing problems there to. Thus, the concerned agencies may

take appropriate policy action for entrepreneurship development in various sectors like

departmental store building in the study area as well as in Bangladesh too.

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Entrepreneurs in Bangladesh” in K. A. Nabi (ed.), development Financing Institutions (DFI) of Bangladesh: Policy, Performance, Problems and Prospects, Dhaka: Goeth- Institute.

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Enke, Stepen (1978), Economics for Development, New Jersey, Prentice-Hall Inc.

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Habibullah, M. (1985),“Entrepreneurship Training & Development” in Abdul Mannan (ed.), Entrepreneurship and Management in Bangladesh Chittagong University: Bureau of Business Research.

Harbison, Federick (1956),“Entrepreneurial Organization as a factor in Economic Development”, Journal of Economics, Vol. LXX, No. 3.

APPENDIX. A

AN INTERVIEW SCHEDULE ON

DEVELOPMENT OF ENTREPRENEURSHIPWITH REFERENCE TO SEVERAL DEPARTMENTAL STORES\SHOPS RISING OF BARISAL CITY


BARISAL CITY

Sample no:

Name:

Name of the organization:

Age:

Sex:

Address:

Phone:

01. At which age you have started your store?

A.Below-20 E.36-40

B.21-25 F.41-45

C.26-30 G.46-above

D.31-35

02. At which level of education you have completed?

A. Less than S.S.C

B. S.S.C

C. H.S.C

D. Graduate, Post-graduate

E. Technical & other

03. What about your Income level?

A. Below – 4000

B. 4001 – 7000

C. 7001 – 8000


BARISAL CITY

D. 8001-11000

E. 11001-12000

F. 12001- 15000

G. 15001 and above

04. What is your Family size?

A. Up to- 2B. 3-4C. 5-6D. 7-8E. 9 and above

05. What was your parental occupation?

A. Farming

B. Service

C. Official

D. Business

E. Laborers

06. Factors Indicating Potentiality of Entrepreneurship Development

A. To be self employed

B. To earn more money

C. To gain social status

D. To use abundant material & cheap human resources

E. To choose shop keeper as a career

Entrepreneurs ranking of factors

No.01 No.02 No.03

07. Factors Indicating Potentiality of Entrepreneurship Development

Variables High satisfaction

Medium satisfaction

Least satisfaction

Least dissatisfaction

Moderate dissatisfaction

Completedissatisfaction

Stimulatory activities: Techno-


BARISAL CITY

economic information is available

Motivational training for entrepreneurship is purposeful

Entrepreneurial education is adequate

Publicity for entrepreneurial opportunities is

Supportive activities: Availability of

land, electricity etc.

Provision for tax relief is adequate

Arrangement of fund is adequate

Sustaining activities: Marketing

facilities are adequate

Full capacity utilization is ensured

Modernization, diversification & expansion program is purposeful

08. Opinion of the Sample Entrepreneurs Regarding Problems of Entrepreneurship Development

ProblemsInstability of Govt. policy in the issue

concernedLack of adequate financial support


BARISAL CITY

Absence of entrepreneurial courses in thecurriculum of educational organization

Ineffective motivational programs

Lack of effective training programs

Absence of effective management information system (MIS)

Lack of research on entrepreneurship problem

09. General opinion---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Date:

Signature of the interviewer


BARISAL CITY

Development of Entrepreneurship

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