Development of Dynamic Phasors for the Modelling of...
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The Science powering Clean Sky 6/3/2016
Development of Dynamic Phasors for the Modelling
of Aircraft Electrical Power Systems
Tao Yang, Serhiy Bozhko, Greg Asher, Pat Wheeler
The University of Nottingham
- Within Clean Sky SGO WP2.4 and WP2.3.0.7
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Nottingham
Manchester
Liverpool
London Bristol
180km
City of Nottingham
Population 300,000
The city famous for the legend of
Robin Hood and Brian Clough
[one time manager of the
Nottingham Forest football team]
Nottingham
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•
PEMC Group & My PhD
Main campus UK
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Power Electronics, Machine and Control Group - A world leading research group
Aerospace (More Electric Aircraft)
• Future electricity networks
• Renewable energy
• High-energy physics applications
• Automotive, marine and industrial applications
Application Areas
Underlying scientific research
• Power device packaging and cooling
• New actuator topologies
• New cooling methodologies & thermal integration
• New modelling methods
• High density power converters for power distribution,
actuator drives, ECS etc.
• Aircraft electrical power systems (AC/DC/Hybrid)
• Advanced actuator designs
• Solid state switching (fault isolation, re-configuration)
• Diagnostics and Prognostics (system and device level)
• Electromagnetic compatibility and wireless systems
More-Electric Aircraft Research Themes:
2,200m2 laboratories with own 1MVA supply
Motor rigs 1kW to 750kW, voltage supplies to
13kV
Electrical Machine/Actuator manufacture
Machine and Power Systems testing to 800kW
Environmental testing chambers
Facilities for multi-layer power plane, surface
mount & FPGA
Aircraft Electric Power Systems Validation
Infrastructure
Group Facilities
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Power Electronics, Machine and Control Group - A world leading research group
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Dynamic Phasors Modelling of Aircraft Electrical
Power Systems
• More-Electric Aircraft
• Novel on-board electrical loads
including power electronic
converters, machine drive
• Electrical Power System (EPS)
stabilities, system behaviour etc.
• Novel architectures
• Optimization problems
Issues
Background
Fast and accurate models
for aircraft EPS studies
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The Science powering Clean Sky 6/3/2016
Multi-layer modelling concept
• Component level
Cover high frequency up to MHz
e.g. Electromagnetic interference (EMI) studies
• Behavioural level
Up to hundreds of KHz
e.g. Switching behaviour of converters
• Functional level
No Switching behaviour in models
System performance: stabilities, transient responses, fault conditions
• Architecture level
Power flow, weight, cost and cabling studies
Architectural
level
Functional level
Behavioural level
Component level
Leve
l of d
eta
ils incre
ase
s
Model c
om
ple
xity
incr
ease
s
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0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35-0.3
-0.2
-0.1
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
time(s)
Cure
nt
K=1,Imag partK=1,Re part
DC part
I(t)
T
jk
kdex
Tx n
0
)(1
k
tjk
k
nextx
)(
Fourier Coefficient
Dynamic Phasor Concept
)(X
0
02003
02 03
)(kX
0
To DPs)(1 X )(3 X )(1
X)(3 X
t
Tt
jk
kdex
Ttx n
)(1
)(
k
tjk
k
netxtx
)()(
Dynamic phasors
0
T
t-T
t
DP index A0+ A1sin(ωt+φ1)
+A3 sin(3ωt+φ3)
k=0 A0
k=1 0.5j A1e-jφ1
k=3 0.5j A3e-jφ3
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The Science powering Clean Sky 6/3/2016
Dynamic Phasors Modelling Concept
• A better way to represent periodic signals
• Constant complex variables during the steady-state
• Can handle transient and unbalanced conditions
i LR
v+ -
‹i›k LR
+ -
jkωL‹i›k
+ -‹v›k
Time domain
DP domain
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 10
0.02
0.04
0.06
Time(s)
CP
U ti
me
(s)
0.08 0.081 0.082 0.083 0.084 0.085-20
-10
0
10
20
Cur
rent
s (A
)
DP model
Time-domain model
iL in DPs
Time-domain iL
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The Science powering Clean Sky 6/3/2016
Dynamic Phasors Model library
A dynamic phasor library has been developed and tested
• Controlled synchronous generator,
• Generator control units
• Controlled rectifier units,
• Auto-transformer rectifiers
• Electromagnetic actuators
• Cables
• etc
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SG1
GCU
SATRU1
PMM
PMM
WIP
S
TSL
SATRU2
SACL
Other AC
load
PMM
Other DC
loadECS1
SG2
GCU
SHVB
HV
AC
1
230V
HV
AC
2
230V
HV
DC
1
540V
Other DC
load
HV
DC
2
570
V
*
Tv
ωe2
*
Tv
EMA1
ωe1
*
1EMA
*
1EMAT
EMA2*
2EMA
*
2EMAT
1, EMAdcv
+
-
SECS1
PMM
ECS2
SECS2
*
1ECST
*
2ECST
SWIP
SESS
iSG1
iSG2
SSG1
SSG2
AC
ES
S
230V
SEMA1
SEMA2
PE
PD
C1
EE
PD
C1
PE
PD
C3
ATRU1
ATRU2
1, EMAdci
1, ECSdci
2, ECSdci
System simulation
• MOET aircraft EPS
architectures
• EMAs, eWIPS, ECS
• A twin-generator
system
• Comparison between
different models: DP,
DQ0 and ABC
ia
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Simulation results – balanced conditions
Phase A currents of ATRU1
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2-200
-100
0
100
200
i AT
RU
1(A
)
0.99 1 1.01 1.02 1.03-150
-50
50
150
Time(s)
i AT
RU
1(A
)
ABC DPABC DQ0 |DP|
SATRU1
closes Impact of ECS1 DC demands
ECS1 speed up Loads on ECS1 WIPS onWIPS changes
SGs connect
SGs disconnectedmagnitude of DPs (|<x>|)
0.787 0.7875 0.788 0.7885 0.789 0.7895
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
Computation time
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.20
2000
4000
6000
8000
Co
mp
uta
tio
n t
ime(s
)
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.20
20
40
60
Time(s)C
om
pu
tati
on
tim
e(s
)
ABC DQ0 DPABC
DPABC DQ0
ABC
Remove SG1
SG1 and SG2 connected
DPABC
DQ0
y=15.44
y=42.97
y=7983
Model ABC DQ0 DP
Time (s) 7983.0 15.44 42.97
Acceleration 1 517 185
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The Science powering Clean Sky 6/3/2016
Simulation results – unbalanced conditions
1.19 1.2 1.21 1.22 1.23 1.24 1.25-600
-300
0
300
600
vS
G2a(V
)
1.19 1.2 1.21 1.22 1.23 1.24 1.25-600
-300
0
300
600
vS
G2b
(V)
1.19 1.2 1.21 1.22 1.23 1.24 1.25-600
-300
0
300
600
Time(s)
vS
G2c(V
)
ABC DQ0 DPABC
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.40
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
Time (s)C
alc
ula
tio
n t
ime
(s)
ABC model
DP model
DQ model
Fault occurs
DP model is the fastest one under unbalanced conditions (150 times faster than DQ0 model)
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Aircraft Electrical Power Systems
Innovations Laboratory
115Vac BusHVDC 1
WIPS1
ECS1
GT
PM
PM
PM
BAT HV
PM
PM
PM
PM
PM
HVDC 2
HVDC ESS 2
HVDC ESS 1
Cable 20m
Cable 20m
Cable 10m
Representative Loads
Representative Loads
Representative Loads
“AFT” bus 1
WIPS2
AC grid
AC grid
90kW<1200V, <290A
GSS
90kW<1200V, <290A
GSS
GSS 2x90kW 4-Qactive front-end
converters
DRIVE150kW
35,000rpm4-Q
45kW 32,000rpm PMM Starter/Generator
DRIVETEST RIG
AC grid 50Hz
MX-45
HVAC-1
90kVA, 360-900Hz
AC grid 50Hz
MX-45 90kVA, 360-900Hz
HVAC-2
Cable
HVAC-1-1
Feeders VF
Feeders VF
Cable
HVAC-2-1
Feeders VF
Feeders VF
AC grid 50Hz
AC grid 50Hz
415V/50Hz, 2 x 800A utility grid feeders
Cable ?
“AFT” bus 2 PMM S/G 4kW (like APU driven)
Further plans • Validate models in a
system level
• High-level control ,
monitoring and data
logging
ENGINE EMULATOR
WITH LP and HP
shafts
HP
LP
To feed HVDC 1
To feed HVDC 2
ENGINE EMULATOR (2 shafts: HP and LP) (to be completed 1st Q 2016)
Engine emulator
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The Science powering Clean Sky 6/3/2016
Conclusion
• The DP modelling technique has been successfully implemented in
modelling aircraft EPS
• High efficiency and accuracy of the DP models under both balanced
and unbalanced conditions
• 21 journal and conference publications.
• The DP model is included in the SAE Aerospace Information
ReportAIR6326“AircraftElectricPowerSystem.Modellingand
Simulation.BasicDefinitions”.
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The Science powering Clean Sky 6/3/2016
• Sincere thanks to the EU FP7 funding via the Clean Sky JTI –
Systems for green Operations ITD to support this PhD research
• Sincere thanks to Dr. Hitendra Hirani, UNOTT EU Programme
Manager for his support during this Award Applications
End of presentation
Thank you!
Q&A