DEVELOPMENT OF DETAILED STATISTICS ON …...STATISTIČNI URAD REPUBLIKE SLOVENIJE STATISTICAL OFFICE...

STATISTIČNI URAD REPUBLIKE SLOVENIJE STATISTICAL OFFICE OF THE REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIA

DEVELOPMENT OF DETAILED STATISTICS ON ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN HOUSEHOLDS

Final Report

Grant Agreement No. 30304.2009.003-2009.708

Prepared by: Teja Rutar M.Sc.

August 2011

CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION 2

2. THE OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT 3

3. METHODOLOGY - sources and methods of data collection 4

3.1 Administrative Sources 4

3.2 Household Energy Consumption Survey 4

3.2.1 Questionnaire 4

3.2.2 Pilot survey 6

3.2.3 Main survey 7

3.3 Data editing, imputation and weighting 8

3.4 Data analyses and preparation of the results 9

3.5 Modelling 9

3.6 Dissemination 11

4. RESULTS 12

4.1 Target variables from the direct survey 12

4.2 Comparison with other statistical surveys 14

4.3 Results from the combination of direct survey and modelling 15

5. CONCLUSIONS AND FURTHER STEPS 24

6. LIST OF FIGURES 25

7. LIST OF TABLES 26

ANNEX I: Definitions used in the survey 27

ANNEX II: Calorific values used in the survey 30

ANNEX III: Questionnaire of direct survey 31

1

1 . INTRODUCTION

Surveys in industry, transport, services and households provide detailed information about

energy consumption and valuable information to assist achieving greater energy efficiency,

implementing policies to reduce energy consumption, monitoring the spread of renewable

energy, etc. Energy statistics have traditionally been focused on energy supply and fossil

energy. In the coming years, greater focus must be put on better understanding and

monitoring of energy end-use, energy efficiency and renewable energy, which is also stated

in the Regulation (EC) No 1099/2008 on energy statistics.

In the field of final energy consumption are very important: already mentioned Regulation

(EC) No 1099/2008 on energy statistics, and especially its 9th Article, the Directive

2006/32/EC on energy end-use efficiency and energy services and the Directive 2009/28/EC

on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources.

Within the ESS the decision was made that the statistical data on final energy consumption

in households by end use will be improved first.

In 1997 the Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia (SORS) carried out for the first time

the Household Energy Consumption Survey ("APEGG"). The second survey was carried out

in 2003. The results of both surveys were not satisfactory (the problems were in

methodology, sample selection, definitions). Therefore we had decided to do more focused

survey in the future. The present survey is based on changed methodology, so the data are

not directly comparable with the previously achieved data.

This report serves as a summary of the work done on a grant project on household energy

consumption in Slovenia that was carried out from January 2010 to June 2011. This grant

project was very helpful for investigating the administrative sources which could be used, for

developing the methodology and making a good foundation for future data collection on

energy consumption in households.

2

2. THE OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT

With the survey on household energy consumption we wanted to improve the statistical data

on final energy consumption in households (private dwellings) by end use.

The main data users are:

public administration: ministries, agencies etc.,

- research institutions, educational institutions, researchers: The Jožef Stefan Institute,

Slovenian Forestry Institute, local energy agencies, universities, students,

researchers etc.,

- NGOs,

international institutions: Eurostat, OECD, IEA etc.,

- other users: companies that deal with energy etc.

We were interested how the energy is used in private dwellings (for space heating and

cooling, water heating, lighting, electrical appliances, etc.). We were particularly interested in

the use of renewable energy sources (wood, solar energy...) and the prevalence of energy-

efficient appliances.

We collected data about:

- space heating

- space cooling,

- water heating,

- cooking appliances,

- electrical appliances,

- lighting,

passenger cars.

The objectives that we wanted to achieve with the survey were:

- development of the methodology and definitions for data collection on household

energy consumption,

- acquisition of the factors for dividing the total final household energy consumption by

end use - space heating and cooling, water heating, cooking, lighting, electrical

appliances etc. - with the help of modelling,

- acquisition and dissemination of the data on household energy consumption,

- setting the bases and future plans for the integration of the survey into regular work.

3

3. METHODOLOGY - sources and methods of data collection

Taking into account our past experience and new findings we established new methodology

for measuring energy consumption in households. We used the combined approach: direct

survey followed by modelling work on final energy consumption.

Because SORS doesn't have any experience in modelling we hired a sub-contractor - The

Jožef Stefan Institute - Energy Efficiency Centre. They have a long time experience in the

field of energy efficiency, long-term energy planning and modelling and activities for reducing

greenhouse gases and air pollutants. The researchers from the institute developed a model

of energy consumption in households that enabled us to divide and specify total final energy

consumption in Slovenian households by end use - space heating and cooling, water

heating, cooking, electrical appliances, lighting etc.

3.1 Administrative Sources

At the beginning of the project we analyzed previously acquired data on household energy

consumption and other energy statistics. We also examined administrative sources that

could be suitable for our survey. In Slovenia, currently there is no proper statistical or

administrative source that would fulfil our requirements. Certain data (especially data on

buildings and dwellings) are partially available in the Real estate register. Since it still doesn't

have enough high quality and there is still a lot of missing data we only took certain

information from it (year of construction of the building, numbers of dwellings).

3.2 Household Energy Consumption Survey

3.2.1 Questionnaire

From the list of recommended coverage of data collection we chose those which cover our

national needs and then prepared questionnaire for the survey. Special attention was paid to

the consumption of renewable energy sources in households: (wood fuels, solar energy etc.)

and the prevalence of energy-efficient electrical appliances. The observation unit was a

dwelling where the interviewed private household lives.

In total, the questionnaire had separate sets of questions for telephone and field survey and

10 common contextual sets.

4

This is a list of the main variables. The full list of variables is evident from the annexed

questionnaire (Annex III).

Set A: Household

1. Number of households in the dwelling.

2. Number of household members.

3. Number of persons in the dwelling.

4. The number of adults in the dwelling.

Set B: Dwelling and building

1. Usable area of dwelling.

2. The existence or farm or other gainful activity.

3. Type of building.

4. Year of construction of the building.

5. Number of dwelling.

Set C: Electricity consumption

1. The amount of consumed electricity or expense for it.

Set D: Use of light bulbs

1. The number of certain types of light bulbs in the dwelling (incandescent bulbs,

compact fluorescent lamps, fluorescent lamps, halogen lamps...).

2. The number of those which are turned on more than 1 hour per day.

Set E: Use of electrical appliances

1. The use of electrical appliances (refrigerator, refrigerator with freezer, chest freezer,

upright freezer, washing machine, washing and drying machine, dryer, dishwasher):

number, size (height or volume), age, energy class, frequency of use.

2. Television: number, type, diagonal of the screen, frequency of use.

3. Personal computer: number, type, frequency of use.

4. Air-conditioning: the purpose of use, age, energy class, frequency of use.

Set F: Space heating

1. The availability of heating system.

2. Heating area of dwelling.

3. The average room temperature during the heating season.

4. All the existing heating systems.

5

5. The main heating system during the main heating season (local, central, district).

6. Type of heating fuel/energy source.

7. The amount of fuel/energy consumed or expense for it.

8. The availability and type of heat pump.

Set G: Use of wood fuels

1. Use of wood fuels: type, quantity, expense.

Set H: Hot sanitary water

1. The availability of hot sanitary water.

2. The availability of a solar heating system: size, type, age.

3. Fuel/energy for water heating (during and outside the heating season).

Set I: Cooking

1. Number of cooked meals per week.

2. The main source of energy for cooking.

3. Type of cooking plate.

4. The use of gas bottles.

5. Use of electric ovens.

6. Use of microwave ovens.

Set J: Cars

1. Availability of a car.

2. Number of cars.

3. Engine capacity.

4. Age of the car.

5. Fuel type.

6. Distance travelled.

7. Average fuel consumption

Our computer expert prepared the programme for input and data control in programme

Blaise.

3.2.2 Pilot survey

Between 24th and 26th of May 2010, we carried out preliminary pilot survey with 3

experienced interviewers and 156 units included in the sample. The sample for the pilot

6

survey was simple random sample. It was stratified by statistical region, type of settlement

and by whether there was a farm at this address or not. Test survey was intended primarily

for testing the questionnaire. The survey was carried out without bigger problems; there were

some problems with some parts of the questionnaire that were later repaired. The average

time of interviewing was 16 minutes and the response rate was 44.4%, which was low due to

short duration of the pilot survey. Test survey was very useful because we found out which

questions caused most problems to the respondents and we could adjust them and improve

the questionnaire.

3.2.3 Main survey

The sample frame for the survey was the Central register of the population, from which we

chose persons aged 18 and more. With the address of the chosen person we determined the

dwelling for which we wanted to collect the data. 6,000 persons were included in the sample.

The sampling plan was stratified in two stages. It was explicitly stratified by type of the

settlement (by size and share of agricultural households) and statistical region and implicitly

stratified by whether there was a farm at this address or not, by the main heating system in

the building, age of the building and the number of dwellings in the building.

Before the interviewing all chosen units received notification letter in which we informed them

about the implementation and purpose of the survey. We also informed them about the

content of the survey, the data we are interested in, and asked them to prepare the data on

energy consumption (quantities and expenses), electrical appliances (energy classes), light

bulbs and cars (fuel consumption, distance travelled). The notification letter was

accompanied by examples of bills to help them find the consumed quantities of energy

sources.

The main survey was carried out by a combined method of interviewing. 34 interviewers

(mostly students) conducted a telephone survey and 39 a field survey (19 students and 20

contractors). Before the beginning of the survey we performed training for interviewers, they

also received manuals (instructions for interviewers) which we had prepared for them. At the

beginning of interviewing we experienced problems with some field interviewers who had to

be replaced due to poor work performance. Interviewers were controlled and given

assistance during the whole survey process.

First we performed telephone interviewing from the studio (CATI). We tried to contact 3,986

units (66.4%). Those reporting units for whom we were unable to determine a telephone

number (2,014 units; 33.6%) or weren't reachable by phone (1,572 units) were interviewed

7

personally (CAPI), Interviewing was conducted between September 13th and November 7th

2010.

All questions in the questionnaire referred to the period of last 12 months. The information

about the chosen dwelling was reported by a person who was a member of the household

living in this dwelling and knew the most about energy consumption of this dwelling. If the

household lived in this dwelling for less than 12 months, it was inadequate for the survey.

Business offices, weekend or holiday apartments and institutional households were also

inadequate. We were only interested in dwellings where private households live.

In the survey we were asking about the quantities of consumed energy and fuels and their

expenses. If the household didn't have bills, they estimated the consumption or expenses.

Also in the cases of multi-dwelling houses, we were asking only for the data related to

dwelling of the chosen person, although there might be some common connections (e.g.

electricity meter, heating appliance) in the house. Such households, that weren't aware of the

exact consumption or expenses, were asked to estimate them (estimated values were

particularly marked in the questionnaire).

In the initial sample size there were 5,818 eligible units, and 3,945 units took part in the

survey. That means that the eligibility rate was 97.0% and the response rate was 67.8%. The

non-response rate was 32.2 %.

3.3 Data editing, imputation and weighting

For output micro data from the questionnaire we established an Oracle database. Data

editing, imputation and weighting were performed in programme SAS.

Programme for data input already had integrated many logical controls that prevented many

mistakes during the interviewing. Mistakes that were discovered later - during the data

analysis, were corrected in SAS.

For the process of imputation we used data from auxiliary questions which were easier to

respond. For example, data gaps on the consumption of energy sources have been imputed

based on the known amount paid for this source. If the amount of data was not known, hot-

deck method was used for the imputation. For data gaps of questions that didn't have

auxiliary questions we also used hot-deck method for imputation.

8

Edited and imputed data was then weighed. The aim of weighting is to improve the

representativeness of the sample so that the sample represents the surveyed population as

closely as possible. Data were weighted because of different probability of selection, non-

response and adaptation to the known population composition. For the adaptation we used

statistical regions, settlement types and data from the Real estate register: number of

inhabited dwellings, age and type of buildings and main type of heating in dwellings.

3.4 Data analyses and preparation of the results

Calculated data was analysed and compared to data from previous surveys and other energy

statistics. Detailed description is in next chapter together with the results.

3.5 Modelling

The results of the survey served as input to the model which was developed by our

subcontractor.

Model of energy consumption in households is part of a model "Reference eco-energy

system of Slovenia (REES-SL02)", which was developed in environment MESAP as a linear

network model of processes and connections (the reference energy system). Tools, models

and methodology were examined in a series of preliminary studies and were used as basis

for a number of strategic documents on energy development and reducing greenhouse gas

and air pollutant emissions. They were developed under a set of projects funded by EU

PHARE technical assistance in multi-annual project between 1994 and 1997, research

projects of Ministry of the Education, Science and Sport and funds of Ministry of the

Economy and Ministry of the Environment and Spatial Planning. Models were used to

prepare:

Long-term energy balances of the Republic of Slovenia for 2006-2026;

- Expert basis for the revision of the operational programme to reduce greenhouse gas

emissions;

- Expert basis for the operational programme to reduce greenhouse gas emissions;

- Analysis of long-term Slovenian energy strategies and energy balances for the period

2000-2020 as a basis for the National Energy Programme;

Operational programme to reduce emissions of pollutants from the NEC Directive;

National UNFCCC reports;

Report from Slovenia to the European Commission on the assessment of progress in

accordance with Article 3.2 of Decision 280/2004/EC establishing a mechanism for

9

monitoring GHG emissions by the European Community and implementing the Kyoto

Protocol;

Basis for preparation of the National Energy Programme.

The model is calibrated on the basis of statistical data and is so connected to the indicator

system of statistical indicators and indicators for monitoring EU and Slovenian policies. It

allows comparisons to the methodology of SORS, EUROSTAT/OECD, EEA and UNFCCC.

The model is implemented, used and periodically updated by Energy Efficiency Centre at the

Jožef Stefan Institute.

Energy consumption is modelled using the following sets:

- space heating;

- water heating;

- household appliances and other electricity use.

Within the set of space heating it was first estimated the energy required for heating (heat

according to standard), which depends on the housing stock - areas of single and multi-

family buildings divided into classes of energy efficiency. Total area of dwellings is consistent

with the data of SORS (Housing stock based on the methodology of Census of population,

households and housing 2002). The division of dwelling areas into the classes is based on

analysis of data on renovations and year of construction from the Real Estate Register. The

required energy is then, based on the proportions of central and local heating, divided to the

required energy in the local or central heating systems in single and multi-family buildings.

This step also includes assessment of residents' behaviour in relation to energy efficiency

(distribution of areas to the standard and conscious behaviour). Next is a further division of

the required energy to sparsely and densely populated areas, because the structure of

heating sources in these areas varies a lot. When dividing, the required energy is multiplied

by a factor of climate variability, which is calculated based on the temperature deficit in the

analysed year in relation to the long-term average. This gives us the "actual" required

energy, which must be produced by boiler or heat pumps or obtained through solar panels,

electric heaters or district heating. The model includes many technologies for producing the

required energy: standard and improved gas (LPG or natural gas), oil, wood and coal boilers,

heat pumps, solar panels, district heating, electric heaters and combined heat and power

units.

Next is the set of water heating. Heat demand for water heating is estimated from the

average hot water consumption per person (45 I), the temperature difference between cold

and heated water (50°C) and the population of Slovenia. Required energy is then divided

10

according to the method of water heating - central in the winter, central in the summer and

local. Required heat prepared in central systems in the winter is divided to sparsely and

densely populated areas and is then added to the required heat in the central heating system

for space heating. Required heat in the central systems in the summer is estimated based on

responses from the survey; the same applies to local systems. For the production of required

heat many technologies are available.

The last set is the most comprehensive as it covers the electricity consumption by various

household appliances (cooling and freezing appliances, dishwashers, washing machines,

dryers, ovens and microwave ovens, stoves), personal computers, televisions, air

conditioners and lighting. In this model, each appliance represents its sub-model. Estimation

of energy consumption of appliances is based on the number of appliances in households,

their distribution by age and energy efficiency class and household behaviour of appliance

use (this does not apply to cooling and freezing appliances).

Model assumptions are in the first phase based on analysis of responses from Household

energy consumption survey, and in the second phase adjusted so that the total energy

consumption is equal to the statistical data for the entire country - the calibration of the

model.

3.6 Dissemination

Results of the survey were already disseminated through our web site:

First Release on household energy consumption:

http://www.stat.si/enq/novica prikazi.aspx?id=4051

- detailed tables in SI-STAT data portal:

http://pxweb.stat.si/pxweb/Database/Environment/18 energy/07 18154 housh cons

umption/07 18154 housh consumption.asp

methodological explanations:

http://www.stat.si/doc/metod poiasnila/18-154-ME.htm

- questionnaire for the survey (only in Slovene language):

http://www.stat.si/doc/vprasalniki/APEGG-VPR 2010.pdf

In the coming months we will prepare standard quality report for the survey which will also be

published on our website.

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4. RESULTS

4.1 Target variables from the direct survey

In the first phase we calculated target variables from the data obtained from the direct survey

(tables 1 and 2).

Table 1: Final energy consumption by energy source, households, Slovenia, 2010

ENERGY SOURCE

Extra light fuel oil (t) 244,493 Natural gas (1000 Sm3) 76,645 Firewood (t) 1,450,677 Wood chips (t) 14,508 Wood pellets (t) 5,217 Wood briquettes (t) 3,101 Wood waste (t) 28,625 Liquefied petroleum gas (t) 25,901 Electricity (GWh) 2,730 Coal (t) 630 Petroleum (1000 I) 26

For the calculation of results into energy values we used calorific values which are stated in

Annex II. Calorific values for wood fuels were proposed by Forestry Institute of Slovenia.

Table 2: Final energy consumption by energy source (TJ), households, Slovenia, 2010

ENERGY SOURCE

Energy source - TOTAL 50,176 Extra light fuel oil 10,415 Natural gas 2,612 Firewood 21,368 Wood chips 165 Wood pellets 90 Wood briquettes 54 Wood waste 418 Liquefied petroleum gas 1,191 Electricity 9,828 Coal 10 Petroleum 1

12

For the target variables we calculated the precision of the estimates. Precision criteria are

determined by the relative standard error or the coefficient of variation (CV). If the coefficient

of variation (CV) of the estimate is:

10% or below (CV <= 10%), the estimate is of acceptable precision and is published

without limitations;

- in the interval from 10% to 30% (10% <CV <= 30%), the estimate is less precise and

is flagged for caution with letter M;

- over 30% (CV> 30%), the estimate is too imprecise to be published and therefore

suppressed for use by letter N.

Table 3: Precision of the estimates

VARIABLE CONSUMPTION - total

standard error

variation coefficient confidence interval confidence

interval

Firewood (t) 1,450,677 42,170 2.9 (1,368,024; 1,533,330) ±82,653

Wood chips (t) 14,508 3,702 25.5 (7,252; 21,764) ±7,256

Wood pellets (t) 5,217 1,862 35.7 (1,567; 8,867) ±3,650

Wood briquettes (t) 3,101 1,003 32.4 (1,135; 5,067) ±1,966

Wood waste (t) 28,625 5,497 19.2 (17,851; 39,399) ±10,774

Extra light fuel oil (t) 244,493 9,645 3.9 (225,589; 263,397) ±18,904 Liquefied petroleum gas (t) 25,901 1,622 6.3 (22,722; 29,080) ±3,179 Natural gas (1000 Sm3) 76,645 8,418 11.0 (60,146; 93,144) ±16,499

Electricity (GWh) 2,730 41 1.5 (2,650; 2,810) ±80

Coal (t) 630 525 83.4 (0; 1,659) ±1,029

Petroleum (1000 I) 26 26 100.0 (0; 77) ±51

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4.2 Comparison with other statistical surveys

Data were compared to data on energy supply for 2009 (table 4).

Table 4: Comparison of Household energy consumption survey data and data on energy supply for 2009

ENÉRC3Y SOURCE APĘGfii 2010 ENERGY StłPf»ŁY DATA 2009

Extra light fuel oil (t) 244,493 254,000 Natural gas (1000 Sm3) 76,645 130,000 Firewood (t) 1,450,677 Wood chips (t) 14,508 Wood pellets (t) 5,217 Wood briquettes (t) 3,101 Wood waste (t) 28,625 Liquefied petroleum gas (t) 25,901 34,000 Electricity (GWh) 2,730 3,137 Coal (t) 630 Petroleum (1000 I) 26

... not available

The biggest difference between the data occurred on consumption of natural gas, which

could be for different reasons. One is that we probably didn't cover enough units that use

natural gas for heating in the sample. Another reason could be that some small services are

receiving natural gas as household costumers and so the supply data is probably

overestimated.

The data for wood fuels could only be compared to data from previous surveys on energy

consumption in household which were conducted by SORS in 1997 and 2003. The present

survey is based on changed methodology, so the data are not directly comparable with the

previously collected data but nevertheless we could see some trends in consumption.

14

4.3 Results from the combination of direct survey and modelling

In the second phase, data on energy consumption by end use and type of energy source, the

consumption of electricity, types of space and water heating systems and energy sources for

it, were calculated by using a model of energy consumption in households as described in

the previous chapter. Input data for the model were the results of the survey on household

energy consumption and data on energy supply, which are collected by other surveys. At the

time of model calculations (May 2011), data on energy supply for 2009 were available.

Therefore, the model simulations of energy consumption by end use, the consumption of

electricity, types of space and water heating systems and energy sources for it, all related to

2009. Other data derived directly from the survey on energy consumption in households

were calculated for 2010.

Tables are presented as published in our online database - SI-STAT.

Table 5: Indicators of energy consumption, households, Slovenia, 2010

MEASURES

Average number of persons in dwelling (number) 2.7

Average heated dwelling area (m2) 70.9

Share of air-conditioned dwellings (%) 16.1

... of which for air-conditioning for cooling and heating (%) 42.8

Share of dwellings with the heat pump1> (%) 4.7

Share of dwellings with the solar energy collectors (%) 4.7

Average area of solar energy collectors (m2) 6.9

Average car engine cubic capacity (cm3) 1,550

Average car age (year) 8.0

Share of dwellings without car (%) 19.4

Share of dwellings with one car (%) 62.5

Share of dwellings with two cars (°/ü) 29.6

Share of dwellings with three or more cars (%) 7.9 Average number of personal cars per dwellings with car (number) 1.5

Average number of personal cars per all dwellings (number) 1,2

1) Heat pumps for space heating and/or sanitary water are taken into account.

15

Table 6: Final energy consumption by energy source, households, Slovenia, 2009

ENERGY SOURCE

Extra light fuel oil (t) 254,142

Natural gas (1000 Srn3) 130,328

Firewood (t) 1,098,391

Wood chips (t) 10,985

Wood pellets (t) 3,950

Wood briquettes (t) 2,348

Wood waste (t) 21,674

Liquefied petroleum gas (t) 34,382

Electricity (GWh) 3,137

Coal (t) 1,906

District heat (TJ) 4,022

Solar energy (TJ) 185

Geothermal energy (TJ) 255

In 2009, Slovenian households consumed the most energy for space heating, followed by

energy consumption for water heating, electricity consumption for other purposes (lighting,

electrical appliances, etc.) and energy consumption for cooking. Households consumed more

than 49,000 TJ of energy. Most of the energy (32,400 TJ or 66%) was used for space

heating. For water heating 7,800 TJ (16%) of energy was consumed, 15% or about 7,300 TJ

of energy was consumed for lighting, electrical appliances and other purposes and 1,800 TJ

or more than 3% of all energy was consumed for cooking.

Among the spent energy sources, wood fuels (which include firewood, wood waste, wood

chips, pellets and briquettes) prevailed with nearly 17,000 TJ (34%), followed by electricity

with more than 11,000 TJ (23%), extra light fuel oil with nearly 11,000 TJ (22%), natural gas

with 4,400 TJ (9%) and district heat with 4,000 TJ (8%).

For space heating the greatest share with 45% was also represented by wood fuels. They

were followed by extra light fuel oil (27%) and natural gas (11%). For water heating electricity

(28%), extra light fuel oil (25%) and wood fuels (24%) prevailed. Among the energy used for

cooking, liquefied petroleum gas (41%) and electricity (29%) prevailed.

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Table 7: Final energy consumption by end use and energy source (TJ), households, Slovenia, 2009

Type of end use-TOTAL1 >

Space heating Water heating Cooking Other

Energy source -TOTAL1' 49,367 32,436 7,839 1,787 7,305

Extra light fuel oil 10,826 8,858 1,969 - -

Natural gas 4,442 3,474 730 237 -

Wood fuels 16,730 14,541 1,892 297 -

Liquefied petroleum gas 1,583 705 148 731 -

Electricity 11,293 1,266 2,200 522 7,305

Coal 31 27 4 - -

District heat 4,022 3,260 762 - -

Solar energy 185 88 97 - -

Geothermal energy 255 218 36 - -

- no occurrence of event 1) Because of rounding, the totals do not always add up.

Figure 1: Final energy consumption by end use, households, Slovenia, 2009

2% 2%

16%

66%

• Space heating

• Water heating

Ħ Large household appliances

o Cooking

• Other electricity consumers

• TV, personal computers and monitors

• Lighting

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Figure 2: Final energy consumption by energy source, households, Slovenia, 2009

3% 1%

• Natural gas • District heat • Liquefied petroleum gas • Other

• Wood fuels • Electricity В Extra light fuel oil

23°/Θ

Breakdown of electricity consumption by end use showed that almost 1,000 GWh (32%) of

electricity was consumed by large household appliances (refrigeration and freezing

appliances, washing, drying machines, dishwashers, ovens and microwave ovens) in 2009.

For water heating more than 600 GWh (19%) and for space heating 350 GWh (11%) of

electricity was consumed. For televisions and personal computers 290 GWh (9%) and for

lighting 280 GWh (9%) of electricity was consumed.

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Table 8: Electricity consumption by end use (GWh), households, Slovenia, 2009

ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION

Electricity consumption - TOTAL11 3,137

Space heating 352

Water heating 611

Cooking 145

Lighting 276

Refrigerators and refrigerators with freezer 263

Upright and chest freezers 259

Washing and washing and drying machines (for washing) 175

Dryers and washing and drying machines (for drying) 51

Dishwashers 109

Ovens and microwave ovens 140

Personal computers and monitors 99

Televisions 193

Air conditioners 43

Other 420

1) Because of rounding, the totals do not add up.

Dwellings were in 2009 mainly heated by central heating (about 78%), almost 12% of

dwellings were heated locally and around 10% with district heating. Similar was the case of

sanitary water heating, where central heating prevailed (57%), followed by local heating

(33%) and district heating (almost 10%).

Table 9: Type of space and water heating systems (%), households, Slovenia, 2009

Local heating Central heating District heating

Type of space heating systems 11.9 78.1 10.1

Type of water heating systems 33.2 57.1 9.7

Among the spent energy sources for local space heating wood fuels prevailed with nearly

3,000 TJ (77%), followed by electricity with almost 800 TJ (20%). Wood fuels also prevailed

for central space heating with around 11,500 TJ (41%), followed by extra light fuel oil with

almost 9,000 TJ (31%).

For local water heating electricity with more than 2,000 TJ (82%) prevailed, followed by wood

fuels with 400 TJ (16%). For central water heating extra light oil with almost 2,000 TJ (38%)

prevailed, followed by wood fuels with almost 1,500 TJ (28%).

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Table 10: Energy sources for space and water heating (TJ), households, Slovenia, 2009

Space heating Water heating

Local heating Central heating Local heating Central heating

Energy source - TOTAL1' 3,858 28,579 2,599 5,240

Extra light fuel oil 97 8,761 - 1,969

Natural gas 18 3,457 58 672

Wood fuels 2,966 11,575 405 1,487

Liquefied petroleum gas 4 701 12 136

Electricity 772 494 2,124 76

Coal 2 25 - 4

District heat - 3,260 - 762

Solar energy - 88 - 97

Geothermal energy - 218 - 36

- no occurrence of event 1) Because of rounding, the totals do not always add up.

Dwellings were mostly equipped with compact fluorescent lamps and incandescent light

bulbs. Almost 85% of dwellings had compact fluorescent lamps, followed by incandescent

light bulbs with almost 77%. The average number of light bulbs in dwelling for mentioned

types was 7, while other types were fewer.

Table 11: Equipment of dwellings with light bulbs, households, Slovenia, 2010

Incandescent light bulb

Compact fluorescent

lamps

Fluorescent lamps

Halogen lamps

Share of dwellings equipped with light bulbs (ò/o) 76.5 84.5 25.3 17.3

... of which the share of dwellings that are equipped exclusively with this type of bulbs (%)

14.4 18.6 - 2.0

Average number of light bulbs in dwelling (number) 7 7 2 6

- no occurrence of event

According to survey data, in 2010, most dwellings had a refrigerator or refrigerator with

freezer (more than 99%) and washing machine (92%), chest and upright freezers, and dryers

were rarer. Most dwellings also had a television (almost 97%), 61% of them had a personal

20

computer. Most of the electrical appliances were equipped with an energy label, the use of

which has been mandatory for certain devices from 2002 onwards (for electric ovens and air

conditioners since 2004). Among the appliances energy class A and higher prevailed, which

is, according to the dynamics of the introduction of higher energy classes in various types of

appliances, probably overestimated.

21

Table 12: Electrical appliances and appliances with energy label (%), households, Slovenia, 2010

Share of dwellings

with electrical

appliances

Share of electrical

appliances with

energy label

Share of electrical

appliances with

energy class A++

Share of electrical

appliances with

energy class A+

Share of electrical

appliances with

energy class A

Share of electrical

appliances with

energy class В

Share of electrical

appliances with

energy class C

Share of electrical

appliances with

energy class D

Share of electrical

appliances with

energy class E

Share of electrical

appliances with

energy class F

Share of electrical

appliances with

energy class G

Washing machine 92 65.3 7 17.1 67.1 7.8 0.9 0.3 - - -

Dryer 20.4 74.6 3.2 10.3 57.3 24.3 4.7 0.2 - - -

Washing and drying machine 6 69.7 10.6 14.2 55.1 15.4 3.3 1.3 - - -

Refrigerator or refrigerator with freezer 99.3 64.7 6 15.9 66.3 10.5 1 0.1 0.1 0 0.1

Upright or chest freezer 55.8 55.6 3.8 18.4 63.7 13 0.8 0.1 0.2 - -

Dishwasher 49.5 72.2 5.7 15.6 68.3 9.6 0.5 - 0.3 - -

Oven 76.3 47.1

Microwave oven 50.2 - - - - - - - - - -

Television 96.9 - - - - - - - - - -

Personal computer 61 - - - - - - - - - -

- no occurrence of event ... data not available

22

In 2010, more than 19% of dwellings had no car. Dwellings with one car prevailed (almost

63%), followed by dwellings with two cars (almost 30%), while nearly 8% of dwellings had

three or more cars. The average car was 8 years old, and the average engine capacity was

1,550 cm3. The average distance travelled by car was almost 13,000 kilometres and the

average fuel consumption was 7 litres per 100 kilometres.

Table 13: Average distance travelled and fuel consumption of passenger cars, households, Slovenia, 2010

All types of

fuel

Unleaded gasoline Diesel

Average distance travelled (km/year)

Average 12,604 10,678 16,766


Less than 1,001 cm3 8,575 8,490 9,357

Average distance travelled (km/year) 1,001-1,500 cm3 10,452 9,800 14,859 Average distance travelled (km/year)

1,501-2,000 cm3 14,958 12,795 17,131


More than 2,000 cm3 17,289 11,529 18,731

Average fuel consumption in litres per 100 kilometres (1/100 km)

Average 7 7.2 6.6


Less than 1,001 cm3 6.2 6.2 6.1 Average fuel consumption in litres per 100 kilometres (1/100 km) 1,001-1,500 cm3 6.7 6.8 6 Average fuel consumption in litres per 100 kilometres (1/100 km)

1,501-2,000 cm3 7.2 7.9 6.5


More than 2,000 cm3 8.9 11 8.2

23

5. CONCLUSIONS AND FURTHER STEPS

Main objectives that we wanted to achieve with this project were development of the

methodology and definitions for data collection on household energy consumption,

acquisition and dissemination of the data on household energy consumption by end use and

setting the bases and future plans for the integration of the survey into regular work.

At the end of the project we can say that the renewed survey on energy consumption in

households proved to be successful as we achieved all set objectives. With the help from our

subcontractor we developed methodology that will be the foundation for future repetitions of

the survey. With the new approach we obtained quality data that will be comparable through

years.

We also prepared plans for the future. From now on the data will be published annually. Our

short-term plan is to publish the data on energy consumption for the year 2010 in October

2011. The direct survey is planned to be conducted every three years, so the next one is

planed for 2014 (data for 2013). In the intermediate years data will be calculated by using a

model.

For the future there is still much place for improvements on every stage of the process. We

will put special emphasis on improving the questionnaire because quality answers from the

respondents are the basis for quality data.

24

6. LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1: Final energy consumption by end use, households, Slovenia, 2009 17

Figure 2: Final energy consumption by energy source, households, Slovenia, 2009 18

25

7. LIST OF TABLES

Table 1: Final energy consumption by energy source, households, Slovenia, 2010 12

Table 2: Final energy consumption by energy source (TJ), households, Slovenia, 2010 12

Table 3: Precision of the estimates 13

Table 4: Comparison of Household energy consumption survey data and data on energy

supply for 2009 14

Table 5: Indicators of energy consumption, households, Slovenia, 2010 15

Table 6: Final energy consumption by energy source, households, Slovenia, 2009 16

Table 7: Final energy consumption by end use and energy source (TJ), households,

Slovenia, 2009 17

Table 8: Electricity consumption by end use (GWh), households, Slovenia, 2009 19

Table 9: Type of space and water heating systems (%), households, Slovenia, 2009 19

Table 10: Energy sources for space and water heating (TJ), households, Slovenia, 2009 ...20

Table 11: Equipment of dwellings with light bulbs, households, Slovenia, 2010 20

Table 12: Electrical appliances and appliances with energy label (%), households, Slovenia,

2010 22

Table 13: Average distance travelled and fuel consumption of passenger cars, households,

Slovenia, 2010 23

26

ANNEX I: Definitions used in the survey

Engine cubic capacity is cubic capacity of the cylinder of the engine expressed in cubic

centimetres.

Energy label is a simple graphical representation of key data on energy use and other

standardized data for household appliances. From June 2002 on, Slovenia has mandatory

labelling of certain types of household appliances under the Regulation of energy labels for

certain types of household appliances (OJ RS, 104/01) and its subsidiary regulations.

A new European energy label for refrigerators and freezers, washing machines,

dishwashers, and televisions entered into force on 20. 12. 2010. The new label provides the

ability to display additional classes A+, A++, A+++, and universal, non-verbal communication

with pictograms.

A household is any family or other group of persons who live together and spend their

income for basic living needs (accommodation, food, etc.), regardless of whether all

members live permanently in a place where the household lives, or some of them are

because of work, school or other reasons for a long time (up to 6 months) living elsewhere in

Slovenia or abroad.

Subjects of this survey are private dwellings, and persons who live in collective households

(monastery, home for the elderly, etc.) are not included in the survey. Vacation or holiday

homes are also not appropriate for the survey.

The refrigerator is used to store food over the freezing point temperature. It may contain a

small freezer compartment.

Refrigerator with freezer is used to store food over the freezing point temperature and for

freezing the food. Typically, this device has two separate parts, each with its own door.

Wood briquettes are made by compressing the bark, dry wood dust, sawdust, shavings and

other unpolluted wood residues. They take various forms and are particularly suitable for

small or rarely fired fireplaces, such as fireplaces, saunas and stoves.

Wood waste are branches, residues of forestry work and various waste from the wood

processing (sawdust, bark, waste from wood industry, etc.).

27

Wood pellets are made from pure wood. They are produced industrially by pressing the

dried wood powder and sawdust. They are cylindrical in shape with a diameter of 8 mm and

lengths up to 5 cm.

Wood chips are pieces of chopped wood, large up to 10 cm. They are usually made from

soft wood (wood with small diameter, e.g. fine wood from thinning, branches, crown), from

lower quality wood or wood residues. The size of chips is adjusted to the furnace.

Water can be heated with:

- Local heating - water is heated with electric heaters (boilers), gas heaters, etc.

- Central heating - water is heated in the space heating system (floor central or

central heating).

- District heating - water is heated outside of the building - in a heat plant or boiler

room for several buildings.

Dwellings can be heated with:

Local heating is the heating type where the heat source is located in the room which

is heated. It is usually intended for a single room, which can be heated independently

from other areas. Rooms are heated with different stoves, fireplaces, electric

radiators etc., there is no connected system of radiators.

Floor central heating - the heat is produced in a furnace - central heating device

(regardless of the source: gas, fuel oil, etc.) for the whole dwelling. Only one

apartment or floor is heated with this system.

- Central heating - the heat is produced in a furnace - central heating device for the

whole building. More dwellings or floors are heated with the same system.

- District heating - the heat is produced outside of the building - in a heat plant or

boiler room for several buildings.

Firewood is a traditional form of wood fuel. These are sawn and split pieces of wood, 30-50

cm long, which are made directly from round timber of inferior quality or prefabricated meter

logs.

Solar energy collectors (solar collectors) are used to convert solar energy into heat and

can be designed exclusively for hot sanitary water or both, sanitary and heating water.

28

Dwelling is the physical space in which household members live. It is any structurally

integral unit, intended for housing. It has one or more rooms (kitchen, bathroom, toilet,

hallway, storage, etc.) with or without auxiliary spaces and at least one separate entrance.

Normally every household has its own dwelling, but two or more households can share one

dwelling.

Heat pumps are devices that use heat from their surroundings and convert it into useful heat

for space heating and/or water heating.

Types of heat pumps are divided according to the source, which they use. Heat pumps air-

water cool outside air (in some cases, indoor air, e.g. large cellar for wine, food, etc.), and

heat radiator and sanitary water. Heat pumps ground-water use heat from the earth. Heat

pumps water-water use heat from underground and surface water. Heat pumps air-air use

the heat from the ambient air. Heat pumps air-air heat the air inside the living space and they

can't be used to heat sanitary water.

Liquefied petroleum gas is butane, propane or a mixture of both. It is used for space

heating, heating of sanitary water and cooking, as well as motor fuel for cars.

Upright or chest freezer is used exclusively for freezing food.

Natural gas is a fossil fuel in the gaseous state. The main component is methane with up to

20% (by volume) of filth and other constituents. It is used for space heating, heating of

sanitary water and cooking.

29

ANNEX II: Calorific values used in the survey

ENERGY SOURCE CALORIFIC VALUE Extra light fuel oil 42,6 MJ/kg Natural gas 34,08 MJ/Sm3

Liquefied petroleum gas 46,05 MJ/kg

Petroleum 36,8 MJ/I Coal 16 MJ/kg Firewood 14,73 MJ/kg

Wood chips 11,39 MJ/kg Wood pellets 17,3 MJ/kg Wood briquettes 17,3 MJ/kg

Wood waste 14,6 MJ/kg Electricity 3,6 MJ/kWh

ANNEX III: Questionnaire of direct survey

a/W_ STATISTIČNI URAD REPUBLIKE SLOVENIJE T\ STATISTICAL OFFICE OF THE REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIA

The National Statistics Act (OJ RS, no. 45/95 and 9/01) Annual Programme of Statistical Surveys (OJ RS, no. 93/09)

SURVEY ON HOUSEHOLD ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN 2010

Questionnaire for phone and field survey

Ljubljana, 2010

31

The introductory set of questions for field survey »CAPI«

TER1 Is the dwelling at the address: [Street name+number, postal code+town, number of dwelling] adequate for interviewing? 1. Yes. 2. No, no one lives in the dwelling. 3. No, dwelling is used exclusively for business purposes. 4. No, dwelling is used as a weekend or holiday apartment. 5. No, there is an institution in the dwelling; institutional household lives in it. 6. Dwelling can not be determined.

TER2 Why not?

TER3 Does [Name and surname of chosen person (year of birth)] live at this address? 1. Yes. 2. No, because he/she lives in another private household in Slovenia. 3. No, because he/she lives in an institution (e.g. a home for seniors etc.). 4. No, because he/she lives abroad. 5. The chosen person has died. 6. The chosen person is not known at this address. 7. Other (specify).

TER3a Specify: .

TER4 Will the selected residents participate in the survey? 1. Yes. 2. No.

TER5 Why the selected residents won't participate in the survey? 1. Because they refuse participation. 2. Because they are absent during the survey. 3. Because they are unable to participate (illness etc.) 4. Other reasons (specify).

TER5a Specify: .

TER6 Why the residents refuse to participate? 1. Because of overcrowding, lack of time. 2. Because of saturation with surveys. 3. Because of rejection of surveys in principle, without giving any reason. 4. Other reasons (specify).

TER6a Specify: .

32

The introductory set of questions for telephone survey »CATI«

T1 Good afternoon/good evening. My name is [name and surname of the interviewer], I'm calling on the behalf of the Statistical office of the Republic of Slovenia concerning the survey on energy consumption in households. You were informed about in with the notification letter. I would like to speak with a member of your household who is most familiar with your energy consumption. 1. Yes (you got the person who is most familiar with their energy consumption). 2. No.

T2. Do you live in a dwelling at: [Street name+number, postal code+town]? 1. Yes. 2. No.

T3 Do you or your household live in this dwelling for at least one year? 1. Yes. 2. No, they live at this address for less than one year. 3. No, you called to a weekend or holiday apartment.

T4 Do you live in a private household? 1. Yes. 2. No.

T5 Specify whether the selected dwelling residents will participate in the survey. 1. Yes. 2. No.

Set of question related to non-participation in the survey.

T1_NR Why the residents won't participate in the survey: 1. Because they refuse participation. 2. Because the person who is familiar with the energy consumption is absent at the time of

survey. 3. Because they are unable to participate. 4. Because they want to be interviewed personally (field interview). 5. Inadequate: institutional or group household. 6. Inadequate: weekend or holiday apartment. 7. Inadequate: this is not the right address. 8. Inadequate: they live here for less than 12 months. 9. Other reasons (specify).

T1_NR_dr: Specify

T2_NR Why the residents refuse to participate? 1. Because of overcrowding, lack of time. 2. Because of saturation with surveys. 3. Because of rejection of surveys in principle, without giving any reason. 4. Rough rejection (without possibility of re-surveying). 5. Other reasons.

T3_NRWhat is the reason that they are unable to participate: 1. Illness, disability. 2. Non-understanding of the language. 3. Other (e.g. death in the family etc.).

33

Set A: Household and dwelling

A_1 Let's begin with some questions about your household. Do you or your household live in this dwelling for more than one year? 1. Yes. 2. No, we live at this address for less than one year. 3. No, this is weekend or holiday apartment.

A_2 Do you live in a private household? 1. Yes. 2. No.

A 3 Does only your household live in this dwelling? 1. Yes. 2. No.

A_4 How many households, including your own household, live in your dwelling?

A_5 How many members are in your household?

A_6 How many of those are aged 18 or more?

A_7 How many people live in your dwelling?

A_8 And how many people are aged 18 or more and live in this dwelling?

Set B: Dwelling and building

B_1 What is the usable area of your dwelling in square meters? This area includes rooms for living - kitchen, living room, toilet, bathroom, hallway, bedroom etc. This does not include technical areas such as basement, attic, pantry, garage, boiler room, staircases, balcony, terrace etc. and unfinished spaces.

B_1a How many rooms does your dwelling have? 1. It's a studio. 2. One. 3. Two. 4. Three. 5. Four. 6. Five or more.

B_2 Do you have a farm or perform any gainful activity at this address? 1. Yes. 2. No.

B_3 In what kind of building is the dwelling? 1. Detached or semi-detached house or duplex. 2. Block of flats - multi-apartment house, (more than two dwellings in the building)

B_3a How many dwellings are in the building?

В 4 When was the house built?

34

1. Before 1946. 2. Between 1946 and 1970. 3. Between 1971 and 1980. 4. Between 1981 and 2002. 5. After 2002.

B_5 Was the building ever renovated? Consider the facade renovation, roof renovation, replacement of windows etc. 1. Yes. 2. No.

B_6 What kind of renovation was made? • 1 Facade renovation with additional thermal insulation. •2 Facade renovation without additional thermal insulation. •3 Attic insulation. •4 Replacement of the roof. Ö5 Replacement of the windows. •6 Other.

Details for В 61 "Facade renovation with additional thermal insulation"

B_61a In which year did you do the facade renovation with additional thermal insulation?

Details for В 62 "Facade renovation without additional thermal insulation"

B_62a In which year did you do the facade renovation without additional thermal insulation?

Details for В 63 "Attic insulation"

B_63a In which year did you do the attic insulation?

Details for B_64 "Replacement of the roof"

B_64a In which year did you do the replacement of the roof?

Details for B_65 "Replacement of the windows"

B_65a In which year did you do the replacement of the windows?

Details for В 66 "Other"

В 66a What kind of renovation was done?

B_66b In which year was this renovation done?

B_7 Can you tell me the number of your dwelling?

35

Set C: Electricity consumption

C_1 How many kilowatt hours (kWh) of electricity per month did you spend on average over the last 12 months?

C_1a FOR INTERVIEWER: Is the amount assessed regarding the total consumption of multiple dwellings? 1. Yes. 2. No.

C_2 What was the average monthly cost for electricity over the past 12 months?

C_2a FOR INTERVIEWER: Is the amount assessed regarding the total consumption of multiple dwellings? 1. Yes. 2. No.

Set D: Use of light bulbs

D_1 What kind of light bulbs do you have in your dwelling? • 1 "Traditional" incandescent bulbs. •2 Compact Fluorescent lamps. •3 Fluorescent lamps. •4 Halogen lamps. θ5 Other (specify).

Details for D 15 "Other"

D_1a Specify: |_|_J_J_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|

Details for D 11 "Traditional" incandescent bulbs

D_11a How many incandescent bulbs do you have in your dwelling?

D_11b How many of those incandescent bulbs are turned on for more than an hour per day?

Details for D_12 "Compact Fluorescent Lamps"

D_12a How many Compact Fluorescent Lamps do you have in your dwelling? I—I—U

D_12b How many of those Compact Fluorescent Lamps are turned on for more than an hour per day?

Details for D_13 "Fluorescent lamps"

D_13a How many fluorescent lamps do you have in your dwelling?

D_13b How many of those fluorescent lamps are turned on for more than an hour per day?

36

Details for D_14 "Halogen lamps"

D_14a How many halogen lamps do you have in your dwelling?

D_14a1 How many of those lamps are reflector halogen lamps?

D_14b How many of all halogen lamps are turned on for more than an hour per day?

Set E: Use of electrical appliances

E_1 Which electrical appliances do you have in your dwelling? •1 Refrigerator •2 Refrigerator with freezer. •3 Chest freezer. •4 Upright freezer.

•5 Washing machine. •6 Washing and drying machine. •7 Drying machine. •8 Dishwasher.

•9 Television. • 10 Personal computer.

• 11 Air conditioner.

Details for E_11 "Refrigerator"

E_11a How many refrigerators do you use?

E_11b What is the height of the refrigerator? 1. Up to 100 cm. 2. 120 cm. 3. 150 cm. 4. 180 or more.

E_11c When did you buy this refrigerator or how old it is? Year I I | | | or | | | years

E_11c_a Age of refrigerator: | | | years

E_11d Do you know which energy class it has? 1. A++ energy class. 2. A+ energy class. 3. A energy class. 4. В energy class. 5. C energy class. 6. D energy class. 7. E energy class. 8. F energy class. 9. G energy class.

E_11e How often do you use the other refrigerator? 1. Whole year -12 months.

37

2. Half year - 6 months. 3. Quarter year - 3 months. 4. 1 month. 5. Occasionally.

E_11f What is the height of this refrigerator? 1. Up to 100 cm. 2. 120 cm. 3. 150 cm. 4. 180 or more.

E_11g When did you buy this refrigerator or how old it is? Year I I | Į | or | | | years

E_11g_a Age of refrigerator: | | | years

Details for E_12 "Refrigerator with freezer"

E_12a How many refrigerators with freezer do you use?

E_12b What is the height of the refrigerator with freezer? 1. Up to 100 cm. 2. Around 150 cm - has a joint door for refrigerator and freezer. 3. Around 150 cm - has separate doors for refrigerator and freezer; freezer is above. 4. 180 cm or more - has separate doors for refrigerator and freezer; freezer is below. 5. Wide "American" fridge - refrigerator and freezer are side by side - width 90 cm.

E_12c When did you buy this refrigerator with freezer or how old it is? Year I I | | | or | | | years

E_12c_a Age of refrigerator with freezer: | | | years

E_12d Do you know which energy class it has? 1. A++ energy class. 2. A+ energy class. 3. A energy class. 4. B energy class. 5. C energy class. 6. D energy class. 7. E energy class. 8. F energy class. 9. G energy class.

E_12e How often do you use the other refrigerator with freezer? 1. Whole year -12 months. 2. Half year - 6 months. 3. Quarter year - 3 months. 4. 1 month. 5. Occasionally.

E_12f What is the height of this refrigerator with freezer? 1. Up to 100 cm. 2. Around 150 cm - has a joint door for refrigerator and freezer. 3. Around 150 cm - has separate doors for refrigerator and freezer; freezer is above. 4. 180 cm or more - has separate doors for refrigerator and freezer; freezer is below. 5. Wide "American" fridge - refrigerator and freezer are side by side - width 90 cm.

E_12g When did you buy this refrigerator with freezer or how old it is? Year I I | | | or | | | years

E_12g_a Age of refrigerator with freezer: | | | years

Details for E 13 "Chest freezer"

E_13a How many chest freezers do you use?

E_13b What is the volume of chest freezer? 1. Up to 150 litres. 2. From 151 to 250 litres. 3. From 251 to 350 litres. 4. From 351 to 450 litres. 5. 451 litres and more.

E_13b1 What is the width of chest freezer? 1. Up to 100 cm. 2. From 101 to 120 cm. 3. From 121 to 140 cm. 4. From 141 to 160 cm. 5. 161 cm and more.

E_13c When did you buy this chest freezer or how old it is? Year I I | | | or | | | years

E_13c_a Age of chest freezer: | | | years

E_13d Do you know which energy class it has? 1. A++energy class. В • I I W • > W I J V I Wt v w

2. A+ energy class. 3. A energy class. 4. В energy class. 5. C energy class. 6. D energy class. 7. E energy class. 8. F energy class. 9. G energy class.

E_13e How often do you use the other chest freezer? 1. Whole year -12 months. 2. Half year - 6 months. 3. Quarter year - 3 months. 4. 1 month. 5. Occasionally.

E_13f What is the volume of this chest freezer? 1. Up to 150 litres. 2. From 151 to 250 litres. 3. From 251 to 350 litres. 4. From 351 to 450 litres. 5. 451 litres and more.

E_13f1 What is the width of this chest freezer? 1. Up to 100 cm. 2. From 101 to 120 cm. 3. From 121 to 140 cm. 4. From 141 to 160 cm. 5. 161 cm and more.

E_13g When did you buy this chest freezer or how old it is? Year I I | | | or | | | years

39

E_13g_a Age of chest freezer: | | | years

Details for E_14 "Upright freezer"

E_14a How many upright freezers do you use?

E_14b What is the height of the upright freezer? 1. Up to 140 cm. 2. From 140 to 160 cm. 3. From 161 to 180 cm. 4. 181 cm and more.

E_14c When did you buy this upright freezer or how old it is? Year I I | | | or | | | years

E_14c_a Age of upright freezer: | | | years

E_14d Do you know which energy class it has? 1. A++ energy class. 2. A+ energy class. 3. A energy class. 4. В energy class. 5. C energy class. 6. D energy class. 7. E energy class. 8. F energy class. 9. G energy class.

E_14e How often do you use the other upright freezer? 1. Whole year -12 months. 2. Half year - 6 months. 3. Quarter year - 3 months. 4. 1 month. 5. Occasionally.

E_14f What is the height of this upright freezer? 1. Up to 140 cm. 2. From 140 to 160 cm. 3. From161 to 180 cm. 4. 181 cm and more.

E_14g_a When did you buy this upright freezer or how old it is? Year I I | | | or | | | years

E_14g Age of upright freezer: | | | years

Details for E_15 "Washing machine"

E_15a How many washing machines do you use?

E_15b When did you buy the washing machine or how old it is? Year I I | | | or | | | years

E_15b_a Age of washing machine: | | | years

E_15c Do you know which energy class it has? 1. A++energy class. 2. A+ energy class.

40

3. A energy class. 4. В energy class. 5. C energy class. 6. D energy class. 7. E energy class. 8. F energy class. 9. G energy class.

E_15d How many times per week on average did you use the washing machine in the last 12 months?

Details for E_16 "Washing and drying machine"

E_16a How many washing and drying machines do you use?

E_16b When did you buy the washing and drying machine or how old it is? Year I I | | | or | | | years

E_16b_a Age of washing and drying machine: | | | years

E_16c Do you know which energy class it has? 1. A++energy class. 2. A+ energy class. 3. A energy class. 4. B energy class. 5. C energy class. 6. D energy class. 7. E energy class. 8. F energy class. 9. G energy class.

E_16d How many times per week on average did you use the washing and drying machine in the last 12 months?

E_16e How many times per week on average did you use the washing and drying machine in the winter in the last 12 months?

E_16f How many times per week on average did you use the washing and drying machine in the summer in the last 12 months?

Details for E_17"Dryer"

E_17a How many dryers do you use?

E_17b When did you buy the dryer or how old it is? Year I I | | | or | | | years

E_17b_a Age of dryer: | | | years

E_17c Do you know which energy class it has? 1. A++ energy class. 2. A+ energy class. 3. A energy class. 4. B energy class.

41

5. C energy class. 6. D energy class. 7. E energy class. 8. F energy class. 9. G energy class.

E_17d How many times per week on average did you use the dryer in the winter in the last 12 months?

E_17E How many times per week on average did you use the dryer in the summer in the last 12 months?

Details for E 18 "Dishwasher"

E_18a How many dishwashers do you use?

E_18b When did you buy the dishwasher or how old it is? Year I I | Į | or | | | years

E_18b_a Age of dishwasher: | | | years

E_18c Do you know which energy class it has? 1. A++ energy class. 2. A+ energy class. 3. A energy class. 4. B energy class. 5. C energy class. 6. D energy class. 7. E energy class. 8. F energy class. 9. G energy class.

E_18d How many times per week on average did you use the dishwasher in the last 12 months?

Details for E 19 "Television"

E_19a How many televisions do you have?

E_19b What is the type of the television? 1. Cathode ray tube television. 2. LCD. 3. Plasma,

E_19c What is the diagonal of the screen? You can report in centimetres (cm) or in inches (").

E_19c1 Choose the reporting unit: 1. Centimetre. 2. Inch.

E_19c2 Is its diagonal: 1. Up to 60 cm. 2. Between 61 and 74 cm. 3. Above 75 cm.

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Е_19сЗ Is its diagonal: 1. Up to 66 cm or 26". 2. From 81 to 94 cm or 32" do 37". 3. From 101 to 116 cm or 40"do 46". 4. 119 cm or 47" and more.

E_19c4 Is its diagonal: 1. Up to 116 cm or 46". 2. 119 cm or 47" and more.

E_19d How many hours per day was it turned on in the last 12 months?

E_19e What is the type of the other television? 1. Cathode ray tube television. 2. LCD. 3. Plasma.

E_19f What is the diagonal of the screen? You can report in centimetres (cm) or in inches (").

E_19f1 Choose the reporting unit: 1. Centimetre. 2. Inch.

E_19f2 Is its diagonal: 1. Up to 60 cm. 2. Between 61 and 74 cm. 3. Above 75 cm.

E_19f3 Is its diagonal: 1. Up to 66 cm or 26". 2. From 81 to 94 cm or 32" do 37". 3. From 101 to 116 cm or 40"do 46". 4. 119 cm or 47" and more.

E_19f4 Is its diagonal: 1. Up to 116 cm or 46". 2. 119 cm or 47" and more.

E_19g How many hours per day was it turned on in the last 12 months?

Details for E_110 "Personal computer"

E_110a What type of personal computer do you have? 1. Desktop computer. 2. Laptop computer. 3. Both.

E_110bHow many desktop computers do you have?

E_110cHow many laptop computers do you have?

E_110dHow many hours per day was it turned on: 1. computer: | | | 2. computer: j j j 3. computer: | | |...

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Details for E 111 "Airconditioner"

E_111a For what purpose do you use the air conditioning? 1. Only for cooling. 2. For cooling and heating.

E_111b When did you buy the air conditioner or how old it is? Year I I | | | or | | | years

E_111 b_a Age of air conditioner: | | | years

E_111cDo you know which energy class it has? 1. A++ energy class. 2. A+ energy class. 3. A energy class. 4. В energy class. 5. C energy class. 6. D energy class. 7. E energy class. 8. F energy class. 9. G energy class.

E_111d How many days was the air conditioner in use in the last 12 months?

E_111e Was it is use... 1. Whole year -12 months. 2. Half year - 6 months. 3. Quarter year - 3 months. 4. 1 month.

Set F: Space heating

F_1 Did you heat your dwelling in the last 12 months? 1. Yes 2. No.

F_2 How many square metres (m2) of dwelling area did you heat?

F_3 What was the average room temperature in your dwelling during the last heating season? 1. Less than 18°C. 2. From 18to20°C. 3. From 20 to 22°C. 4. From 22 to 24°C. 5. More than 24°C.

F_4 Did you in the last heating season - in the last 12 months - use several heating systems? We want to know if you used a combination of heating systems for heating e.g. that you in addition to central heating system used a fireplace or electric heater etc. 1. Yes 2. No.

F_4a What types of heating systems did you use in the last heating season - in the last 12 months? Did you use...

• 1 Local heating - each room is heated separately with different stoves, fireplaces, electric radiators etc., there is no connected system of radiators.

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Ū2 Floor central heating - the heat is produced in one place for the whole dwelling, dwelling is heated by radiators.

•3 Central heating - the heat is produced in one place for the whole building, dwellings are heated by radiators.

•4 District heating - the heat is produced outside of the building - in a heat plant or boiler room for several buildings.

F_5 Which was the main heating system in main heating season - in December, January, February? 1. Local heating - each room is heated separately with different stoves, fireplaces, electric

radiators etc., there is no connected system of radiators. 2. Floor central heating - the heat is produced in one place for the whole dwelling, dwelling is

heated by radiators. 3. Central heating - the heat is produced in one place for the whole building, dwellings are

heated by radiators. 4. District heating - the heat is produced outside of the building - in a heat plant or boiler

room for several buildings.

F_6 Which energy source did you use for local heating? Did you use... • 1 Electricity. •2 Firewood. •3 Wood briquettes. •4 Wood waste. •5 Other.

Details for F 62 "Firewood"

F_62a How much firewood did you use in the last 12 months? You can report in stacked cubic meters, loose/bulk cubic meters, "klaftrah" or kilograms.

F_62b Choose the reported unit: 1. Stacked cubic meter. 2. Loose/bulk cubic meter. 3. "Klaftre" (equivalent to 4 stacked cubic meters) 4. Kilogram.

F_62b1 FOR INTERVIEWER: Is the amount assessed regarding the total consumption of multiple dwellings? 1. Yes. 2. No.

F_62c How much did you pay for the firewood in the last 12 months?

F_62c1 FOR INTERVIEWER: Is the amount assessed regarding the total consumption of multiple dwellings? 1. Yes. 2. No.

Details for F_63 "Wood briquettes"

F_63a How much wood briquettes did you use in the last 12 months? You can report in kilograms or loose/bulk cubic meters.

F_63b Choose the reported unit: 1. Kilogram. 2. Loose/bulk cubic meter.

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F_63c How much did you pay for the wood briquettes in the last 12 months?


Details for F 64 "Wood waste"

F_64a How much wood waste did you use in the last 12 months? You can report in cubic meters or kilograms.

F_64b Choose the reported unit: 1. Cubic meter. 2. Kilogram.


Details for F 65 "Other"

F_65a Which fuel/energy source did you use?

F_65b How much of this fuel/energy source did you use in the last 12 months?

F_65b1 FOR INTERVIEWER: Enter the reported unit: 1. Kilogram. 2. Ton. 3. Litre. 4. M3. 5. Other (specify).

F_65b2 Specify:

F_65b1_1 FOR INTERVIEWER: Is the amount assessed regarding the total consumption of multiple dwellings? 1. Yes. 2. No.

F_65c How much did you pay for this fuel/energy source in the last 12 months?


F_7 Which fuel did you mainly use for the central heating? 1. Extra light fuel oil.

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2. Firewood. 3. Wood chips. 4. Wood pellets. 5. Wood briquettes. 6. Wood waste. 7. Natural gas. 8. Liquefied petroleum gas LPG (propane - butane). 9. Electricity (including heat pumps). 10. Coal. 11. Other.

Details for F_71 "Extra light fuel oil"

F_71a How much extra light fuel oil did you use in the last 12 months? You can report in litres or kilograms.

F_71b Choose the reported unit: 1. Litre. 2. Kilogram.


F_71c How much did you pay for the extra light fuel oil in the last 12 months?


Details for F 72 "Firewood"

F_72a How much firewood did you use in the last 12 months? You can report in stacked cubic meters, loose/bulk cubic meters, "klaftrah" or kilograms.

F_72b Choose the reported unit: 1. Stacked cubic meter. 2. Loose/bulk cubic meter. 3. "Klaftre" (equivalent to 4 stacked cubic meters). 4. Kilogram.


F_72c How much did you pay for the firewood in the last 12 months?

F_72c_1 FOR INTERVIEWER: Is the amount assessed regarding the total consumption of multiple dwellings? 1. Yes. 2. No.

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Details for F_73 "Wood chips"

F_73a How much wood chips did you use in the last 12 months? You can report in kilograms or loose/bulk cubic meters.



F_73c How much did you pay for the wood chips in the last 12 months?


Details for F_74 "Wood pellets"

F_74a How much wood pellets did you use in the last 12 months? You can report in kilograms or loose/bulk cubic meters.



F_74c How much did you pay for the wood pellets in the last 12 months?


Details for F_75 "Wood briquettes"

F_75a How much wood briquettes did you use in the last 12 months? You can report in kilograms or loose/bulk cubic meters.



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F_75c How much did you pay for the wood briquettes in the last 12 months?


Details for F 76 "Wood waste"

F_76a How much wood waste did you use in the last 12 months? You can report in cubic meters or kilograms.

F_76b Choose the reported unit: 1. Cubic meter. 2. Kilogram.


Details for F_77 "Natural gas"

F_77a How many standard cubic meters of natural gas did you use in the last 12 months?

F_77a1 FOR INTERVIEWER: Is the amount assessed regarding the total consumption of multiple dwellings? 1. Yes. 2. No.

F_77b Do you pay lump sum for the gas - every month the same amount or different according to season? 1. Lumpsum. 2. According to season.

F_77c How much was the average monthly expense for natural gas in the last 12 months?


F_77d How much was the average monthly expense for natural gas during the heating season?

F_77e How much was the average monthly expense for natural gas outside the heating season?

F_77e1 FOR INTERVIEWER: Is the amount assessed regarding the total consumption of multiple dwellings? 1. Yes. 2. No.

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Details for F_78 "Liquefied petroleum gas"

F_78a How much liquefied petroleum gas did you use in the last 12 months. You can report in litres, kilograms or cubic meters.

F_78b Choose the reported unit: 1. Litre. 2. Kilogram. 3. Cubic meter.


F_78c How much did you pay for the liquefied petroleum gas in the last 12 months?


Details for F_79 "Electricity"

F_79a Do you have a heat pump? 1. Yes. 2. No.

F_79b What type of heat pump do you have? 1. Air - water. 2. Ground - water. 3. Water - water. 4. Air-air.

Details for F 710 "Coal"

F_710a How many kilograms of coal did you use in the last 12 months?

F_710a1 FOR INTERVIEWER: Is the amount assessed regarding the total consumption of multiple dwellings? 1. Yes. 2. No.

F_710bHow much did you pay for the coal in the last 12 months?


Details for F 711 "Other"

F_711a Which fuel/energy source did you use?

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F_711bHow much of this fuel/energy source did you use in the last 12 months?

F_711b1 FOR INTERVIEWER: Enter the reported unit 1. Kilogram. 2. Ton. 3. Litre. 4. M3. 5. Other (specify).

F_711b1_1 FOR INTERVIEWER: Is the amount assessed regarding the total consumption of multiple dwellings? 1. Yes. 2. No.

F_711b2 Specify:

F_711c How much did you pay for this fuel/energy source in the last 12 months?


Set G: Use of wood fuels

G_1 Did you also use some wood fuels in the last 12 months? Take into account use for space heating, water heating and cooking. 1. Yes. 2. No.

G_2 Which types of wood fuels did you use? Did you use... • 1 Firewood. •2 Wood chips. •3 Wood pellets. •4 Wood briquettes. •5 Wood waste.

Details for G 21 "Firewood"

G_21a How much firewood did you use in the last 12 months? You can report in stacked cubic meters, loose/bulk cubic meters, "klaftrah" or kilograms.

G_21b Choose the reported unit: 1. Stacked cubic meter. 2. Loose/bulk cubic meter. 3. "Klaftre" (equivalent to 4 stacked cubic meters.) 4. Kilogram.

G_21b_1 FOR INTERVIEWER: Is the amount assessed regarding the total consumption of multiple dwellings? 1. Yes. 2. No.

G_21c How much did you pay for firewood in the last 12 months?

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G_21c_1 FOR INTERVIEWER: Is the amount assessed regarding the total consumption of multiple dwellings? 1. Yes. 2. No.

Details for G_22 "Wood chips"

G_22a How much wood chips did you use in the last 12 months? You can report in kilograms or loose/bulk cubic meters.

G_22b Choose the reported unit: 1. Kilogram. 2. Loose/bulk cubic meter.


G_22c How much did you pay for the wood chips in the last 12 months?


Details for G_23 "Wood pellets"

G_23a How much wood pellets did you use in the last 12 months? You can report in kilograms or loose/bulk cubic meters.



G_23c How much did you pay for the wood pellets in the last 12 months?


Details for G_24 "Wood briquettes"

G_24a How much wood briquettes did you use in the last 12 months? You can report in kilograms or loose/bulk cubic meters.


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G_24c How much did you pay for the wood briquettes in the last 12 months?


Details for G 25 "Wood waste"

G_25a How much wood waste did you use in the last 12 months? You can report in cubic meters or kilograms.

G_25b Choose the reported unit: 1. Cubic meter. 2. Kilogram.


Set H: Hot sanitary water

H_1 Did you have hot sanitary water in the last 12 months? 1. Yes. 2. No.

H_2 Dou you have solar heating system e.g. solar collectors? 1. Yes. 2. No.

H_3 What is the surface of solar collectors in square meters?

H_4 What is the type of solar collectors? 1. Flat plate collectors. 2. Evacuated collectors. 3. Other (specify).

H_4a Specify:

H_5 How old are solar collectors or when were they installed? I I I years or year | | | | |

H_5a Age of solar collectors: | | |

H_6 Is the main fuel for water heating during the heating season the same as fuel for space heating? 1. Yes. 2. No.

H_7 Which is the main fuel or heating system for water heating during the heating season?

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1. Electric heater - boiler. 2. Heat pump for sanitary water. 3. Local gas heater. 4. Heating with wood fuels. 5. Other (specify).

H_7a Specify: |_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_J_J_|_|

H_8 Is the main fuel for water heating outside the heating season the same as fuel for space heating? 1. Yes. 2. No.

H_9 Which is the main fuel or heating system for water heating outside the heating season? 1. Electric heater - boiler. 2. Heat pump for sanitary water. 3. Local gas heater. 4. Heating with wood fuels. 5. Solar collectors. 6. Other (specify).

H_9a Specify: | | | | | | | | Į | | | |

Set 1: Cooking

l_1 Did you cook at home in the last 12 months? 1. Yes. 2. No.

I_2 How many cooked meals did you prepare on average per week? Take into account all cooked meals per day.

I_3 Which is the main energy source for cooking? 1. Electricity. 2. Natural gas. 3. Liquefied petroleum gas. 4. Wood fuel. 5. Coal. 6. Other (specify).

I_3a Specify:

l_4 What kind of cooking plate do you use? 1. Classic electric plate. 2. Glass-ceramic plate. 3. Induction plate. 4. Combined - induction/glass-ceramic plate.

I_5 Do you use liquefied petroleum gas in bottles? 1. Yes. 2. No.

I_6 How many 10 kg bottles did you use in the last 12 months?

I_7 Did you use electric stove to cook meals in the last 12 months? Do not take in the account the microwave oven. 1. Yes.

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2. No.

I_8 How many hours per month on average did you use the electric stove?

I 9 How old is the electric stove?

I_10 Do you have a microwave oven? 1. Yes. 2. No.

I_11 How many hours per month did you use it instead of the electric oven - for long-term cooking? Reheating food doesn't count as the use instead of the electric oven.

Set J: Passenger cars

J_1 Did persons living in your dwelling use passenger car for personal purpose in the last 12 months? 1. Yes. 2. No.

J_2 How many cars did you use?

J_3 What is the car engine capacity in cubic centimetres?

J_31 Is the engine capacity: 1. Less than 1,000 cm3. 2. From 1,001 to 1,500 cm3. 3. From 1,501 to 2,000 cm3. 4. 2,001 cm3 and more.

J_4 When was this car made or how old it is? Year I I | | | or | | | years

J_4a Age of the car: | | | years

J_5 Which fuel do you use for this car? 1. Gasoline. 2. Diesel. 3. LPG. 4. Hybrid drive. 5. Electricity.

J_6 How many kilometres did you travel in the last 12 months for personal purposes?

J_61 Did you travel: 1. Less than 5,000 kilometres. 2. 5,001 - 15,000 kilometres. 3. 15,001 - 25,000 kilometres. 4. 25,001 - 35,000 kilometres. 5. 35,001 -45,000 kilometres. 6. 45,001 - 55,000 kilometres. 7. 55,001 kilometres and more.

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J_7 What was the average fuel consumption of this car in the last 12 months in litres per 100 kilometres?

J_71 Was the fuel consumption: 1. Les than 4 1/100 km. 2. From 4.1 to 6 1/100 km. 3. From 6.1 to 8 1/100 km. 4. From 8.1 to 10 1/100km. 5. More than 10.1 1/100 km.

J_8 What is the second car engine capacity in cubic centimetres?

J_81 Is the engine capacity: 1. Less than 1,000 cm3. 2. From 1,001 to 1,500 cm3. 3. From 1,501 to 2,000 cm3. 4. 2,001 cm3 and more.

J_9 When was this car made or how old it is? Year I I | | | or | | | years

J_9a Age of the car: | | | years

J_10 Which fuel do you use for this car? 1. Gasoline. 2. Diesel. 3. LPG. 4. Hybrid drive. 5. Electricity.

J_11 How many kilometres did you travel in the last 12 months for personal purposes?

J_111 Did you travel: 1. Less than 5,000 kilometres. 2. 5,001 - 15,000 kilometres. 3. 15,001 - 25,000 kilometres. 4. 25,001 - 35,000 kilometres. 5. 35,001 -45,000 kilometres. 6. 45,001 - 55,000 kilometres. 7. 55,001 kilometres and more.

J_12 What was the average fuel consumption of this car in the last 12 months in litres per 100 kilometres?

J_121 Was the fuel consumption: 1. Les than 4 1/100 km. 2. From 4.1 to 6 1/100 km. 3. From 6.1 to 8 1/100 km. 4. From 8.1 to 10 1/100km. 5. More than 10.1 1/100 km.

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DEVELOPMENT OF DETAILED STATISTICS ON …...STATISTIČNI URAD REPUBLIKE SLOVENIJE STATISTICAL OFFICE...

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