Development of C-ADS

Lei Yang

Institute of Modern PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences

New Horizons of Partitioning and Transmutation Technologies with Accelerator System

Lei Yang

Accelerator Driven System was proposed for: Nuclear Waste Transmutation （ATW） Accelerator Driven Thorium Reactor (ADTR) Isotopes Production … (ex. ISOL RIA)

ADS consists of High Power Proton Accelerator, SpallationTarget/Blanket，Material & Fuel mainly.

✓ ADS and FR in Advanced Nuclear Fuel Cycles — A Comparative Study, NEA/OECD, 2002

✓ White paper of ADS in FermiLab. 2010

Lei Yang

“The NRC ……the required high-power accelerator technology had yet to be demonstrated.”“The target technology at the high power levels required is a significant challenge.”

U.S

EU

✓ Nuclear Waste Transmutation （ATW）

✓ Isotopes Production … (APT)

✓ Nuclear Waste Transmutation （ATW）

✓ Accelerator Driven Thorium Reactor (ADTR)

R&D -> MYHHRA -> EFIT

ADTR

Lei Yang

“The NRC ……the required high-power accelerator technology had yet to be demonstrated.”“The target technology at the high power levels required is a significant challenge.”

U.S

EU

✓ Nuclear Waste Transmutation （ATW）

✓ Isotopes Production … (APT)

✓ Nuclear Waste Transmutation （ATW）

✓ Accelerator Driven Thorium Reactor (ADTR)

R&D -> MYHHRA -> EFIT

ADTR

ADS and FR in

Advanced

Nuclear Fuel

Cycles — A

Comparative

Study,

NEA/OECD,

2002

Lei Yang

Before 2010: Conceptual, RFQ, and so on.

2010 2017

Key techniques: Linac, High Power Target, subcritical core, materials, fuel recycle etc.

CAS: IMP/CAS, IHEP, HF(INEST), USTC etc. CIAE, LZU, XiAnJTU, Qinghua, etc.

Facility construction & Coupling techniques

2017/9: end of R&D

Lei Yang

ADS burner

Fuel Recycle

High Power TargetWindowless Liquid metal target

Dense Granular Flow target

Accelerator:SC Linac

Coolant of core:✓ LBE/Lead✓ Two phase flow

(G/L; G/S)

Materials:✓ SiC and SiCf✓ High flux high energy

neutron MIF >2*10^15

Reprocess:HT-Dry processExtend to AIROXGranular fuel

super computing design system and V&VSystem designGPU is high efficiency

PWR SNF

Lei Yang

◼SN Fuel Reprocessing◼Material & Compact MIF

◼Accelerator System◼Spallation Target◼Subcritical Core

◼Design System Super-Computing V&V…◼ADANES project

ADS Burner

SNF Process

PWRSNF

Lei Yang

◼SN Fuel Reprocessing✓ HT-Dry process

• Dry reprocess methods are desired.• Partition is proliferation techniques.

✓ Extend to AIROX✓ Granular fuel

◼Material & Compact MIF✓ SiC and SiCf✓ High flux high energy neutron MIF >2*10^15

Lei Yang

HT-Dry Process: AIROX

DUPIC project in Korea

✓ Low cost：Extraction without water✓ Low risk for Proliferation :No enrichment

High Temperature AIROX：

AIROX can’t recycling for NSF. Due to lots of neutron toxicity materials do not removed.

Lei Yang

Challenge！Based on AIROX, How to remove neutron toxicity nuclear!

>300 ℃，O2/Ar

U+3%Nd 900℃ 4h U+3%Nd 1000℃ 6h

U+3%Nd 1200℃6h

U+3%Nd 1300℃6h

repeat AIROX Extend AIROX

Lei YangSimple, Remove >50%FPs: volatile FP + part of RE, <1%MA in waste

Volatile FP’s+<1%Gas FP’s

HT-Dry Process Remove FP’s, eff.>50%

Oxide Convert to Carbide Grain Burner Fuel

<1%Lns FP’s, MA<1% than that in SNF

(1-x

%)

SNF，

<50

%FP

SNF from LWR

>(x-2)%SNP

High purity REs Extract Process to remove Lns FPs, eff.>90%

x%SNF

X ?

AIROX expanding processing TEST by simulated fuel

AIROX expanding processing TEST: Separation of the REs

Lei Yang

AIROX expanding processing TEST: Separation of the REs

Lei Yang

建立了无冷却-即时在线混合核燃料小球制备流程。

16通道毛细管基微流体控制装置。

在线即时混合造粒系统平台。

氧化铀球 Fill in

Lei Yang

SiCf/SiC Cladding L>30cm

d=0.5mm, PIP coating

Lei Yang

Non-boron SiC hexagonal prisms

已订制大尺寸热压模具（直径约200mm，高度约300mm），可制备直径200mm，高度250mm的样品

Lei Yang

Very high flux (fast/even hard) neutron source is enthusiastic requirement.

Lei Yang

Lei Yang

RFQ出口流强

RFQ出口能量TOF测量系统，长度650.82mm

122kW，成功加速~7.0mA H2+束流，束流能量1.55±0.02MeV/u

Lei Yang

Co

ntro

l & m

easu

rem

en

t

Heat exchange

Non-er

osi

on lift

100kW Heater

Vacuum differential

1kW laser heater

Lei Yang

无损提升机

整体加热

斜槽靶室

颗粒换热器

气体回路

Lei YangTotal operation >1500 hours

Lei Yang

~0.7 t/h

~400C -50h

120 hours continue operation

Lei Yang

25MeV P Linac

26.1MeV，12.6mA能量

束流微脉冲信号

Lei Yang

Activation measurement

Lei Yang

Sample 1

Sample 2

Lei Yang

Progress of CIADS project◼Accelerator System◼Spallation Target◼Subcritical Core

Lei Yang

LEBT MEBT1RFQ

162.5MHzECRSC-HWRSC-CH

162.5MHz

LEBT MEBT1RFQ

325.0MHzECR Spoke 325MHz

Spoke021 325MHz

28 cavities

Spoke040 325MHz

72 cavities

Elliptical 063 650MHz

28 cavities

Elliptical 082 650 MHz

85 cavities

Injector II

Injector I

MEBT2 10MeV

34 MeV 178 MeV 367 MeV 1500 MeV

2.1 MeV

3.2 MeV

35 keV

35 keV

TargetHEBT

Main Linac

Lei Yang

Lei Yang

Lei Yang

Lei Yang

Lei Yang

2015.6

2016.6

2016.3 2015.11

2016.12

2016.9

Air tightness test

Lei Yang

Lei Yang

Lei Yang

项目 参数热功率 10MW燃料类型 UO2一回路布置方式

池式-回路式混合布置

一回路驱动方式

60%机械泵+40%自然循环

一回路冷却剂

铅铋合金

一回路运行压力

0.1MPa

一回路运行温度

280-380℃

二回路冷却剂

加压液态水

二回路运行压力

5MPa

二回路运行温度

225-260℃

活性区高度 60cm包壳材料 15-15Ti结构材料 316L

临界基准实验---临界质量，控制棒价值，燃料元件价值、中子吸收体价值等

靶堆耦合特性实验---钨颗粒靶、铅铋靶、不锈钢靶等反应性价值、中子通量分布，中子能谱、次临界反应堆动态特性

反应性监督与测量实验---脉冲中子源法、跳源法、周期法、活化法、微观噪声分析法等多种测量方法

Lei Yang

温度：200-600℃

流量：3m3/h

氧浓度：10-11-10-4

最大试验力：50KN温度：150-600℃

316L, T91, SIMP (developing by CAS) and etc. are testing.

Lei Yang

316L, T91, SIMP (developing by CAS) and etc. are testing.

Lei Yang

Lei Yang

CIADS

39

Lei Yang40

Road for the site formation works

Levelling of ground

Lei Yang

◼Super-Computing Design System V&V…

◼ADANES project

Lei Yang

End of Last year, we have 2P Flops for Simulation & Design

Lei Yang

Lei Yang

Lei Yang

AIM: ADANES concept

ADS Burner

Waste transmutation, breeding, power production

A small amount of waste is low radio-toxicity nuclides (Lanthanides), the simple dry stacking disposal can be used.

Fuel Recycle Process

PWR SNF

I. Easy to deal with SNFII. Accelerator Nuclear Energy for GIF goals

Power Generation

Lei Yang

Remove >50% FP’s, Waste<4% SNF, with MA<1% than SNF’s, t <500y

Volatile FP’s+<1%Gas FP’s

HT-Dry Process Remove FP’s, eff.>50%

Oxide Convert to Carbide Grain Burner Fuel

SiCf/SiC or SIMP Cladding

ADANES Burner

<1%Lns FP’s, MA<1% than that in SNF

(1-x

%)

SNF，

<50

%FP

Pulverize SNF, Convert to Oxide

SNF from LWR

>(x-2)%SNP

High purity REs Extract Process to remove Lns FPs, eff.>90%

x%SNF

Ene

rgy

>96%SNF

X ?

<50%FP

Lei Yang

✓ Specific heat is similar to LBE coolant✓ No corrosion & Less radio/chemical toxicity

Diameter of granular: ~0.5 mmHelium pressure: 0.1 MPa

Enhance for Gas Cooling FR

Lei Yang

TRL: 8~9TRL: 1~4 TRL:3~6 TRL: 6~8

ADANES

Continue

Easy-

deposition

Low risk

High-

efficient

ADS R&D

✓ SC Linac

✓ HP Granular Target

✓ New coolant of FR

✓ Dry-HT reprocessing

✓ Deep Burning Fuel

✓ H dpa Resistant structure

✓ SC design & V.V system

ADANESBurner

ADANESReprocessing

2017 ~ 2030

ADANESIndustryDemo

Lei Yang

Huizhou

CIADS+HIAF

CAS: IMP, IHEP, HIPS,USTC, UCAS, …GNC, CNNC, Universities, Other Inst.…

Lanzhou

HIAFL+CSR

Lei Yang50

Thank you!