I. IntroductionUsing fluid dynamic techniques which improves the car performance resulted to massive investment are spent. From the worlds biggest and richest sponsors, vast of money are spent to gain improved aerodynamic of a vehicle, moreover huge effort is put through aerodynamic enhancements. (Sewdar,2010)In the Philippines population is growing very fast and there are different factors which are responsible for this. A growing population leads to several environmental issues. The demand for energy rises significantly and the emission of greenhouse gas increases that can cause global warming, because heat is trap and make the planet warmer. Human activities are the responsible for almost all of the increase, the primary sources of greenhouse gas emission here in the Philippines is from transportation. Fuel used for transportation is petroleum based, which includes gasoline and diesel. The Shell foresees that young engineers all over the world are the solution of the vast problem that the world has. Engineering students all over the world was called their attention by the Shell goals, to design, to build and test ultra-energy efficient vehicles. The students from the University of Mindanao encourage to join the Shell Eco Marathon 2015 in order to help solve the environmental issues facing not only here in Mindanao but all over the world, like global warming. The researchers study is to improve and optimize the once that can be used for today and also, to minimize the use of emitting greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane. The study focuses on aerodynamic. The effects of air flow over surfaces is an indispensable element for modern cars' efficiencies. Both economics and performance are related, because aerodynamics helps to decrease the drag force that makes the cars more stabilized and gives a chance of reducing fuel consumption. The fundamental principles of Aerodynamic are applied in the research to contribute solutions from environmental issues and also abiding to the rules and regulations in 2015 Shell Eco Marathon competition.Conceptual FrameworkAs shown in (figure 1) the researchers explain the visualization of the whole process. The independent variable is input and the dependent variable is output of the study and also, the moderator variable is the process of the study. INPUT PROCESSOUTPUTDevelop Aerodynamic BodyTesting HypothesisMoldingFabricatingResearch Gathering dataCostingDeveloping

Figure 1: Conceptual Framework

II. Objective of the StudyThe researchers main goals of the study in developing aerodynamic body are as follows:1. To compare each coefficient of drag of the different body designs.2. To choose less coefficient of drag among the designs.3. To fabricate and mold the body of the best design.4. To test the aerodynamic using Solid Works (SW) simulation, instead of using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and wind tunnel.5. To abide the rules and regulations in 2015 shell eco marathon.

III. Importance of the StudySince then scientists and engineers spent most of their time in developing car performance and efficiency. One of their researches that they focused is enhancing aerodynamic of a car body. That will help to reduce fuel consumption and drag force that affect the car performance. Most of the people who uses car neglect the importance of aerodynamic, with that situation the car will be inefficient and not stabilized due to drag force created. Drag force is the opposing force that created by air flow over surfaces. Aerodynamic helps to decrease the drag force, makes car more stabilized and gives a chance of reducing fuel consumption. The research study is proposed to develop the aerodynamic of the prototype car body that can contribute to the environmental issues as well to use in the 2015 Shell Eco Marathon competition.

IV. Target beneficiariesThe researchers believe that this study will help to provide solutions in reducing fuel consumption, more stabilized, lessen the drag force and also to impart solutions in environmental problem. Thus, the following will be the beneficiaries of our study.Researchers. This will help to provide broad knowledge and information that leads to be a better researcher and a problem solver.The University of Mindanao. The students, as well as the faculty members will be recognized among other schools who are competitors that joined the competition, which the goals of institution aligned to their ones vision and mission.

V. Review of Related LiteratureWind tunnel test that helps to calculate the drag of a vehicle. From this the general conclusions were that: (1) rounding the forward edges,(2) sloping the forward face rearwards from the bottom,(3) reducing the gap, and (4) using guide vanes down the rear vertical edges , would contribute to reduced drag. A low drag incorporates a small improvement 6-10% in drag over the basis. Some data is presented, indicating a center of pressure for side force a little ahead of the center of side area. This creates a de-stabilizing effect which increases the speed. (Waters, DM, 1970)However, the rate of increase in aerodynamic drag due to increasing vehicle speed is much greater than rolling friction. As shown in (Figure 2), the force required to overcome aerodynamic drag was exceeds compare to the requirement to overcome rolling friction. The easier it is for a car to move, the less energy the engine need to push the car through the air. (Rose McCallen, etl. al.2000).All of these factors must be addressed when developing technologies to improve in term of fuel consumption and performance of the developed aerodynamic body. The improvement can be achieved by developing the shape of the body frame, to decrease the aerodynamic resistance (drag). (Rose McCallen etl. al., 2000).

Figure 2: Graphic depicting representative horsepower requirements versus vehicle speed.(Rose McCallen, etl. al., 2000).External aero analysis using Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) techniques is widely used in the accurate estimation of an automotive vehicles drag coefficient, often critical in determining the fuel efficiency of the vehicle and thus drives the design development process. (Rose McCallen, etl. al., 2000). The engine creates a pushing force which is thrust, thus this force resulting to a natural force called drag which has a direct effect on acceleration. The acceleration (a) of an object is its weight (W) minus drag (D) divided by its mass (m). Weight is an object's mass times the force of gravity acting on it. To put it simply:a = (W - D) / m (1.1)The drag coefficient (Cd) is equal to the drag (D), divided by the quantity of the density (r), times half the velocity (V) squared times the area (A). To make that more readable: Cd = D / (A * .5 * r * V^2) (1.2)Designing a car with good aerodynamic positively affects its ability to accelerate and its fuel economy and understanding the coefficient of drag, is a figure that measures the force of air resistance on an object which is component of aerodynamic, it is the primary factor that determine how easily an object moves through the air. Thus the lower the Cd, the more aerodynamic body is, and the easier it can move through the wall of air pushing against it.VI. Scope and DelimitationsThis study was conducted to develop the aerodynamic of the body. This allows to the researchers to study the principles related to aerodynamics. The rules of aerodynamic are to explain how an object will move and how will object reacts, surrounded by air which can create air friction and affect the object movement. Reviewing physics to freshen the idea about aerodynamic, these include mass, velocity, weight, external force, and acceleration stated in Newtons law. As an object moves through the atmosphere, it displaces the air that surrounds it. The studies consist of gathering information from various authors of the books and pdfs file from the internet, and professional persons who shared their knowledge in better understanding the aerodynamic principles. Applying the knowledge acquired in developing the aerodynamic body was required to complete this study.This study is focus on Solid Works simulation, Solid Works Simulation provides core simulation tools to test the flow of air and pressures of the body. The knowledge on the aerodynamics will be applied to test the flow of the air through the body. In designing the body, teardrop design of the body is use, ideal for allowing air to flow easily, passing around its smooth edges and falling of gently at the end. This study is limited to perform Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD). Thus, this study will not be able to meet the higher standards of codes in aerodynamic.VII. MethodologyThis section shows the methods used in this study. This includes gathering of data, research design, research procedure, research materials, preparation of materials, molding the body, and, fabricating.Gathering DataThe data that are used in this study was from the internet and from the general rules and regulations in the 2015 Shell Eco Marathon. The gathering of data was focused in developing aerodynamic of the proto type car body.

Research DesignThe design of the body was based upon the result of the simulation of the Solid Works software and the general rules and regulations of the 2015 Shell Eco Marathon. Research ProcedureThe researcher spent time in finding fiber glass maker, to find out what are the techniques and procedures of fiber glass making.The following are the procedures in fiber glass making:Step1. Prepare a molding.Step2. Wax the molding using the floor wax.Step3. Prepare the fiber glass mat.Step4. Mix the three chemicals gallon resin, 1 liter colloidal silica filler and 1 spool cobalt.Step5. Put the premix chemicals in the tin can and put one table spoon of hardener. Stir well.Step6. Applied first layer of a fiber glass mat into the body and coat the chemicals using brush.Step7. Repeat step4, step5 and step6 until the body filled with fiber glass mat.

Research MaterialsTo complete the research materials the researcher was based their study through the internet and fiber glass maker. Mr. Dolfo Olaguer a fiber glass maker listed the materials to be needed.The following are the materials that are needed in fiber glass making:Fiberglass mat. One of the most popular forms of reinforcement for non-structural applications.Polyester Resin. A polymer, which means the material's molecules are complex and often formed from the evaporation of water from the other chemicals in it.Colloidal Silica Filler. A chemical made of oxygen molecules combined with other molecules. Hardener. To hardened the fiberglass strand.Cobalt. Intended as an improvement to epoxy, creating a faster cure time and better workability.Preparation of MaterialsThe materials that needed in molding and fabricating the body were brought by the researchers from stores within the locality.

Molding the BodyThe simulation output from Solid works was the basis to complete molding the body. The following are the materials that are needed in molding the body.G.I. Plain sheet. Hot-dip zinc-coated galvanized steel sheet.Tin mans Shear. A tool use to cut plain sheetFlat bar. A handlebar that does not have any rise or drop.Post Drill. Used to drill holes on materials vertically.Hand Drill. An equipment used to drill holes on materials manually in different orientation. Rivets. A headed pin or bolt of metal used for uniting two or more pieces.Riveter. A tool used to fasten rivets. Grinder. An equipment used to refine rough surfaces.Cutting disk. Used for cutting materials.Chalkstone. Used for marking metal bar and etc.Welding machine. A machine use to unite metallic parts.Welding rod. A rod or heavy wire that melts and thus supplies metal in fusion welding.Tie wire. A wireused to hold forms together so they will not spread when filled with concrete.Body filler. Compounds used to build up and level low areas that cannot be brought back to their original contour by straightening.Chisel. A long-bladed hand tool with a beveled cutting edge.Hammer. A tool with a heavy metal head mounted at right angles at the end of a handle, used for jobs such as breaking things and driving in nails.Fabricating the BodyAfter molding the body, the researchers fabricated the body using fiberglass mat, guided with the procedures in making fiber glass. After fabricating, the researcher decided to put acrylic plastic glass.The table below shows the description and costing of materials that are needed in molding and also fabricating the body.DescriptionQuantityUnit Price

Flat bar 3/16X3/143length300 pesos

Flat bar 3/16X3/45 Length500 pesos

Flat bar 1/8X11Length105 pesos

Special rod (6011)1 160 pesos

Blind rivets435pcs.217.5 pesos

Cutting disc5pcs.283.5 pesos

Body filler (Time out)8qts.1200 pesos

Drill bit15pcs.336 pesos

Sand paper(240)3m46 pesos

G.I. sheet2pcs.980 pesos

Fiber mat4kg628 pesos

Polylite1 gal1013 pesos

Cobalt3spool150 pesos

Styrene3liters684 pesos

Hardener2bottle105 pesos

Premix chemicals29/38gal633 pesos

Thinner2bottle210 pesos

Primer1qt.160 pesos

Top coat1/2qt.195.5 pesos

F color red1qt.238 pesos

Mayon brush3pcs.57 pesos

Masking tape1roll23 pesos

Acrylic plastic glass3X3585 pesos

Total Cost8809

Table1. Material description and costing