Development of a Compact Cluster with Embedded CPUs

Development of a Compact Cluster with Embedded CPUs


Sritrusta Sukaridhoto, Yoshifumi Sasaki,

Koichi Ito and Takafumi Aoki


Introduction

Ubiquitous environment Electronics equipment in our

surrounding （ equipped with

embedded CPU ） Connected by network

http://www.kayoo.org/home/mext/joho-kiki/

http://bsc.jp.yamatake.com/products/secu_ftouchm.html

Network

NavigationSystem

Mobiles

Home Automation

EmbeddedCPU

Distributed cooperation / parallel processing

EmbeddedCPU

EmbeddedCPU


Introduction

Development

Prototyping Environment

Embedded CPUs

Ubiquitous

Distributed / Parallel Computing

Ubiquitous Computing Cluster (UCC)

Low Cost


Contents

Introduction Cluster Computer Structures Implementations Performance Evaluations Application: Fingerprint Verifications Conclusions and Future Plans


Cluster Computer Structures

HUB

Terminal

100Mbps LAN Connections

Node#3

Node#2

Node#1

Node#0

Embedded DevicesPower consumption: 60W (TYP)

Ubiquitous Computing Cluster Hardware



Specification of Calculation Node Embedded Network Attached Storage (NAS)

Include: Embedded CPU （ SH4 ）， memory ， USB I/F ， network

I/F ， HDD. Able to act as network computer

Logically have function as general computer ． Small space, low power consumption

CPU SH4 (SH7751R, 266MHz)Memory 64MB SDRAMHDD 120GB, ATA133, 5400rpmNIC 10/100 BASE-T (RTL-8139C+)I/F USB 2.0×2portPower 14W(TYP)



Ubiquitous Computing Cluster Software

Operating System Debian GNU Linux 2.4.21 for SH4

Stable inter-processor communication

Compact kernel and daemons

Servers and daemons Inter-processor communication （ rsh, rexec, rcp ） login （ telnet ）， file transfer （ FTP ） Network File sharing （ NFS ）， Network Information Services (NIS)

Development environment compiler (GNU gcc-3.0.4, g++, Fortran77)

editor (GNU Emacs, vi)

Parallel process interface (MPI, PVM)



How it works ???UCC

Node#3

HUB

Node#2

Node#1

Node#0

Inter-process communication(rsh ）

Login, File Transfer（ telnet, FTP ）

Terminal

Node#0 is also working as administrator server (NIS, NFS ）

100Mbps Fast Ethernet



Computing node is

embedded CPU Suitable for prototyping the

next generation computer

Using COTS product Low cost system

Using Linux as Operating

System A stable inter-processor

communication

Open Source

COTS: Commercial Off-The-Shelf

Embedded Devices

UCCNode#3

HUBNode#2

Node#1

Terminal

100Mbps Fast Ethernet

Node#0


Features

Size ： 390mm×280mm×150mm ， Power Consumption ： 60W(TYP)


Implementation

UCCNode#3

HUBNode#2

Node#1

Terminal

Node#0

Login to Node#0

Write a parallel program: hello.c#include "mpi.h"#include <stdio.h>

void main(int argc, char *argv[]){ int numprocs, prognum; /* Initialize MPI */ MPI_Init(&argc, &argv); MPI_Comm_rank(MPI_COMM_WORLD, &procnum); MPI_Comm_size(MPI_COMM_WORLD, &numprocs);

printf ("Hello world! from %d of %d", procnum, numprocs);

MPI_Finalize(); return;}

Compile: mpicc –o hello hello.c

Run: mpirun –np 4 hello

Hello w

orld!

from

0 of

4

Hello w

orld!

from

1 of

4

Hello w

orld!

from

2 of

4

Hello w

orld!

from

3 of

4


Advance Application USB port connect to another devices (Fingerprint sensor, USB-Audio, Camera, etc)

Fingerprint Verification System

Speech / VoiceRecognition System

Image Processing System


Performance Evaluations

Pallas MPI Benchmark (PMB)* :Performance evaluations for MPI communication

Ping-Pongmeasuring delay time when transferring data between 2 processors

Broadcastmeasuring the biggest delay time when transferring from node#0 to

the other nodes.

*http://www.pallas.com/e/products/pmb/


Performance Evaluations (cont.)

ping-pong communication test The biggest transfer ability is 70 Mbps

It gives enough performance using 100 Mbps ethernet

0

200

400

600

800

1000

0 4 32 256

2048

16384

131072

1048576

Data Size [Bytes]

Tim

e [m

sec]

0

2

4

6

8

10

Ban

dwid

th [M

byte

s/se

c]Time

Bandwidth


Performance Evaluations (cont.)

Communication broadcast test The biggest broadcast communication ability is around 36Mbps

It gives enough performance using ordinary HUB

0

200

400

600

800

1000

0 4 32 256

2048

16384

131072

1048576

Data Size [Bytes]

Tim

e [m

sec]

0

2

4

6

8

10

Ban

dwid

th [M

byte

s/se

c]Time

Bandwidth


Application: Fingerprint Verifications

Distributed processing for verifying the fingerprint in a

database.

Fingerprint matching algorithm→ POCNode#3

Node#2

Node#1

Node#0

FingerprintSensor Fingerprint matching in each node using POC

Registered Fingerprint

Input Fingerprint


What is Phase-Only Correlation (POC) ? correlation using only image phase component according to similarity degree of the image, sharp peak produced Algorithm based on signal processing

Standard image

Input image ２

DFT

DFT

DFT

amplitude

Example of Phase-Only Correlation

Input image 1

DFT

DFT

DFT

phase

phase

correlation

correlation

phase

amplitude

amplitude


Fingerprint Matching Algorithm Using POC Function

128×128FFT

phasing

Registered fingerprint（ phase ）

×

IFFT

Peak extraction

Peak comparison

#Node 0Fingerprint image

Check result

× IFFT

Peak extraction

#Node 3


× IFFT

Peak extraction

#Node 2


× IFFT

Peak extraction

#Node 1



Fingerprint Verification Performance Evaluation The number of computing nodes : 1, 2, or 4 (can be changed ） The number of registered finger print: 12 (3 images per node ） Evaluation of the matching time on input fingerprint

and registered fingerprint

Registered finger print

Node #0

Node #1

Node #2

Node #3

Image from sensor


Result

Processing time: less than 2 seconds with 4 nodes.

Enough performance with embedded CPUs

00.5

11.5

22.5

33.5

1 2 4Processor Nodes

Exec

utio

n tim

e[se

c]

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

Spe

edup

Fac

tor

Execution Time Speedup Factor


Conclusion

Development of a Ubiquitous Computing

Cluster with embedded CPUsWorld smallest cluster computer in size, power

consumption and cost

Suitable for prototyping the next generation

ubiquitous application

Application: Fingerprint verificationperformance evaluation shows satisfactory result

UCC is capable for advance applications


Future Plans

Ubiquitous Computing Cluster

Fingerprintverification

Computer vision

Voice/Speech recognition

Next Generation Ubiquitous Application

Cipher

Fault tolerantsystem

Image tracking

RedundantServer system

RFID certificationRobot System

Face recognition


Thank you

Development of a Compact Cluster with Embedded CPUs

Documents

Transcript of Development of a Compact Cluster with Embedded CPUs