Development

ObjectivesHow do we physically change throughout our lives? Understand the stages of physical

development before we are born Recognize variables that influence

prenatal development Understand physical development

during infancy Understand physical development as

we age

Physical Development

1. Germinal Period: conception (egg + sperm = zygote) to uterine implantation

http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=fertilization+animation&mid=453DD46B007AD3FA8F1E453DD46B007AD3FA8F1E&view=detail&FORM=VIRE3http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/miracle/program.html

2. Embryonic Period: uterine implantation through the 8th week

3. Fetal Period: 8th week until birth (organs dev)

Early Physical Development

TeratogenBrain development Neurons – 150,000/minute 1st 12 weeks Synaptic pruning – 1st 3 years & puberty Myelination Critical periods

Motor developmentSenses Hearing Vision

Later Physical Development

PubertyMenopauseMale climacteric / andropauseSensory decline

ObjectivesHow do we cognitively change throughout our lives? What influences emotional development? Understand Piaget’s theories and the

stages of cognitive development Understand attachment theory and its

influence over the lifespan

Cognitive Development

Schema: how things workAssimilation: judge using my schemaAccommodation: change my schema Example: Schema: Friends don’t lie to

each other. Situation: This person lied to me. Assimilation: The person who lied to me

isn’t my friend. Accommodation: Sometimes friends lie to

protect each other.

http://www.simplypsychology.org/piaget.html

Cognitive Development

Ex. A child who is unfamiliar with exotic animals sees a zebra and calls it a horse. Ex. A child thinks that dogs are animals who live with people as pets. The child sees an animal that looks like a dog but works with the police. Ex. A child sees a man who is bald on top of his head and has long frizzy hair on the sides and shouts “Clown, clown.”

Piaget’s Cognitive Stages

Attachment

Emotional bond between infant and caregiver Strengthened by physical contact,

responding to needs, attention

Attachment over the lifespan

Attachment as judgment of: 1) whether self is worthy of care 2) others will provide and meet emotional needs + self view, + other view = secure - other view = avoidant (dismissing,

fearful) - self view, + other view = preoccupied

(ambivalent/anxious)

ObjectivesWhat kind of decisions and experiences shape us as adults? What are the different parenting

styles and what are their consequences?

How do we approach our own and others’ deaths?

Parenting

How is parenting style related to 1) personality 2) personal experience being parented 3) interactions with specific children? Which one of these is most influential, or, is something else involved?

Parenting StylesAuthoritarianAuthoritativePermissive Neglectful Indulgent

Outcomes Child-to-parent effects School, work, goals

Death

Stages of Death Denial Anger Bargaining Depression Acceptance

Activity

Experience with death

Grief

Stages of Grief Numbness Yearning Disorganization/despair Resolution/reorganization