Development-Development-Getting StartedGetting Started

Unit 4Unit 4

Lesson 1Lesson 1

ObjectivesObjectives

Define developmental psychology and Define developmental psychology and discuss primary areas of interest.discuss primary areas of interest.

Discuss how psychologists study Discuss how psychologists study development.development.

Describe prenatal development.Describe prenatal development. Identify neonatal abilities.Identify neonatal abilities.

Warm UpWarm Up

What is What is developmental developmental psychology?psychology?

Study of progressive Study of progressive changes in human changes in human traits and abilities that traits and abilities that occur throughout a occur throughout a lifespanlifespan

Areas of DevelopmentAreas of Development

Physical DvptPhysical Dvpt All physiological changes that take placeAll physiological changes that take place

Cognitive DvptCognitive Dvpt Changes associated with thinking processes Changes associated with thinking processes

of behaviorof behavior Social DvptSocial Dvpt

Changes in self-identity…changes in Changes in self-identity…changes in interaction w/others and the environmentinteraction w/others and the environment

Major IssuesMajor Issues

Nature vs NurtureNature vs Nurture

Are we more affected Are we more affected by heredity or by heredity or environment?environment?

Continuity vs Continuity vs DiscontinuityDiscontinuity

Is dvpt change Is dvpt change gradual or do we gradual or do we progress through progress through distinct stages?distinct stages?

MethodsMethods

LongitudinalLongitudinal: Study same : Study same group over period of group over period of time…time…

Child A at 10 yrs Child A at 10 yrs 14 yrs 14 yrs 18 yrs old 18 yrs old

Cross-SectionalCross-Sectional: Study : Study different groups at same different groups at same time…time…

Child A 10 yrs oldChild A 10 yrs old Child B 14 yrs oldChild B 14 yrs old Child C 18 yrs oldChild C 18 yrs old

MethodsMethods

Cross-SequentialCross-Sequential: Mix of : Mix of above…above…

Child A at 10Child A at 1014141818 Child B at 14Child B at 1418182222 Child C at 18Child C at 1822222626

Studies discern Studies discern milestones:milestones: most typical most typical aspects of dvptaspects of dvpt

Periods of Human Life SpanPeriods of Human Life Span ConceptionConception Prenatal Period (0-9 m)Prenatal Period (0-9 m) Infancy (B-20 m)Infancy (B-20 m)

Neonatal (B-3 weeks)Neonatal (B-3 weeks) Toddlerhood (1-3 y)Toddlerhood (1-3 y) Preschool Period (3-6 y)Preschool Period (3-6 y) Middle Childhood (6-Pub)Middle Childhood (6-Pub) Adolescence (Pub-21)Adolescence (Pub-21) Young Adulthood (21-40)Young Adulthood (21-40) Middle Adulthood (40-65)Middle Adulthood (40-65) Late Adulthood (65+)Late Adulthood (65+)

Prenatal DvptPrenatal Dvpt

Time pd from Time pd from conception to birthconception to birth

Physical Dvpt:Physical Dvpt: CephalocaudalCephalocaudal

• Head to TailHead to Tail ProximodistalProximodistal

• Center OutwardCenter Outward

Teratogens:Teratogens: Disease agents, Disease agents,

drugs, environmental drugs, environmental agents that can cause agents that can cause birth defectsbirth defects

AlcoholAlcohol Recreational Drugs, Rx DrugsRecreational Drugs, Rx Drugs Smoking Smoking http://www.clipsforclass.com/developmentalhttp://www.clipsforclass.com/developmental

X-RaysX-Rays Ingested toxins, leadIngested toxins, lead IllnessesIllnesses Poor nutritionPoor nutrition

Stages of Prenatal DevelopmentStages of Prenatal Development

GerminalGerminal EmbryonicEmbryonic FetalFetal

““IT” IT” Referred to Referred to

asas

ZygoteZygote

Period of Period of TimeTime

Important Important Dvpt?Dvpt?

Conception – Fertilization of egg in fallopian tube

Stages of Prenatal DevelopmentStages of Prenatal Development

GerminalGerminal EmbryonicEmbryonic FetalFetal

““It” It” Referred to Referred to

asas

ZygoteZygote EmbryoEmbryo FetusFetus

Period of Period of TimeTime

11stst 2 2

weeksweeks

2 – 82 – 8

weeksweeks

8 weeks – 8 weeks –

9 months9 months

Important Important Dvpt?Dvpt?

Rapid cell Rapid cell division, division, Attach to Attach to

uterusuterus

Cell Cell differentiation,differentiation,

Beginning of Beginning of organ and limb organ and limb

formationformation

Growth, Growth,

Dvpt of organs Dvpt of organs and limbs, sex and limbs, sex organs, human organs, human characteristicscharacteristics:http//www.webmd.com/baby/slideshow-fetal-development

Newborn “Equipment”Newborn “Equipment”

Sophisticated sensory Sophisticated sensory and motor abilitiesand motor abilities Genetic programGenetic program Neural connectionsNeural connections

APGAR TestAPGAR Test Measures medical Measures medical

condition at birthcondition at birth

Innate AbilitiesInnate Abilities Present @ birthPresent @ birth

Reflex or Learned?Reflex or Learned?

Sucking on a pacifierSucking on a pacifier Turning towards mom when she enters a roomTurning towards mom when she enters a room Flaring the toes when the bottom of the foot is Flaring the toes when the bottom of the foot is

strokedstroked Being able to stand without supportBeing able to stand without support Babbling the linguistic sounds of the parentsBabbling the linguistic sounds of the parents Grasping onto an extended pair of fingers & Grasping onto an extended pair of fingers &

hanging onto themhanging onto them Responding when startled by extending the arms Responding when startled by extending the arms

outward and upwardoutward and upward

Newborn “Equipment”Newborn “Equipment”

Reflexes- Simple, Reflexes- Simple, unlearned responses to unlearned responses to specific stimulispecific stimuli

GraspingGrasping RootingRooting SuckingSucking MoroMoro WithdrawalWithdrawal BabinskiBabinski SphincterSphincter Breathe, Sneeze, Cough, Breathe, Sneeze, Cough,

Yawn, BlinkYawn, Blink

Newborn “Equipment”Newborn “Equipment”

Sensory DevelopmentSensory Development VisionVision HearingHearing SmellSmell TasteTaste TouchTouch

http://www.webmd.com/baby/features/in-the-womb?page=2

Assessing the NeonateAssessing the Neonate

Habituation-Habituation- Built in tendency to get easily Built in tendency to get easily bored with familiar things, and attend to new bored with familiar things, and attend to new

ones.ones.

Habituation indicates learning!Habituation indicates learning!

http://www.parents.com/baby/care/http://www.parents.com/baby/care/pediatricians-medicine/my-baby-the-lab-rat/pediatricians-medicine/my-baby-the-lab-rat/

TemperamentTemperament

Personality features babies are born with Personality features babies are born with (1970’s Thomas & Chess)(1970’s Thomas & Chess)

Easy Easy 40% happy, adapt easily, regular sleep/eat patterns, don’t upset 40% happy, adapt easily, regular sleep/eat patterns, don’t upset

easyeasy

Slow-to-warm-upSlow-to-warm-up 15% less cheerful/adaptable. Cautious w/new experiences, 15% less cheerful/adaptable. Cautious w/new experiences,

patterns less regular.patterns less regular.

DifficultDifficult 10% glum & irritable, dislike change. Irregular sleep/eat patterns.10% glum & irritable, dislike change. Irregular sleep/eat patterns.

ClosureClosure

Identify the three Identify the three different methods of different methods of developmental developmental research.research.

LongitudinalLongitudinal Cross-SectionalCross-Sectional Cross-SequentialCross-Sequential

HomeworkHomework

Life Span Development Decades ActivityLife Span Development Decades Activity