Development Cooperation Between Asia and Africa

(Contribution toward a Green Revolution in Africa )

Motofumi KOHARA

Rural Development Department

Japan International Cooperation Agency

Brussels Rural Development Briefings, Brussels, (2nd July 2008)

Japan’s ODA and Agriculture Sector for Africa

J apan' s ODA Expedi nture by Sector i n CY 2002-2006

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

Agr i cul ture, Forest ry and Fi shery Soci al I nf rast ructure and Servi ces*Economi c I nf rast ructure and Servi ces Mi ni ng and I ndust ryTrade and Tour i sm Mul t i sector

• Japan’s ODA for Africa in 10 yrs. 1,067 m$ →2,558 m$

(1996) (2006)

• Agriculture, forestry and fishery sector was 598.8 m$ and account for only 7.3% in 2006.

J apan' s ODA by Regi on i n FY 1996 and 2006

0500

10001500200025003000350040004500

アフリカ アジア 中近東 中南米 その他

$ mi l l i on

1996 2006

Af r i ca Asi a L, Ameri caM, East Others

Japan’s ODA for Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery Sector

In agriculture, forestry and fishery sector, • Africa account for 16.5% in Total Japan’s ODA in 2006.

• Africa account for 33.9% in Technical Cooperation and Grant Aid.

598.80 307.45 100.91 190.45 Total

18.54 　1.89 16.65 Other

4.19 　　4.19 Middle East

115.21 51.97 30.97 32.27 Latin America

98.67 　43.62 55.04 Africa

362.19 255.48 24.42 82.29 Asia

TotalLoanGrant AidTech. Coop

Commitment Base in 2006, in million US$

Increase Rice Production in Yokohama Action Plan

3 pillars of Agriculture and Rural Development in Yokohama Action Plan

1. Enhance capacity to increase food production and agricultural Productivity“Increase rice production through developing capacities to adopt systematic crop management, and new methodologies including wider use of New Rice for Africa (NERICA), aiming at doubling the rice production in African countries in ten years.”

2. Improve access to markets and agricultural competitiveness

3. Support sustainable management of water resources and land use

Rice Production Quantity(1000t)

●More than 1000●Between 500 and 1000●Between 100 and 500●Between 10 and 100

（ Reference : Consumption per capita in Japan 63.8kg ）

○West African Countries ：Rice is staple food.

Rice Production and Consumption per CapitaIn Africa

○East African Countries ：Rice is becoming major grain.

Madagascar 126kg

Cote d’Ivoire 79kg

Guinea 91kg

Uganda 2.6kg （ Yr.1990 ） → 6.7kg （ Yr.2005 ）Mozambique

6.8kg （ Yr.1990 ） → 23.1kg （ Yr.2005 ）

Senegal 70kg

Production and Consumption of Major Grains in Africa

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

×10

00（

ｔ）

Producti onConsumpti on

Maize

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

18000

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

(×10

00ｔ

）

Producti onConsumpti on

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10000

12000

14000

16000

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

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(×10

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Producti onConsumpti on

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15000

20000

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30000

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

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(×10

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Producti onConsumpti on

Rice (Milled) Wheat

Sorghum

Widening Demand-

supply Gap (Rice and

Wheat)

Soaring International

Food Prices

+

Food Crisis

0

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

120,000

140,000

160,000

1961

1963

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1969

1971

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1975

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1981

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1987

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1991

1993

1995

1997

1999

2001

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2005

1000

ha

0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

3.00

3.50

4.00

4.50

t/ha

AreaYield

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

8,000

9,000

1961

1963

1965

1967

1969

1971

1973

1975

1977

1979

1981

1983

1985

1987

1989

1991

1993

1995

1997

1999

2001

2003

2005

1000

ha

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00

1.20

1.40

1.60

1.80

2.00

t/ha

AreaYield

Why Focusing on Rice in Africa?• Expanding ConsumptionExpanding Consumption Rice consumption is rapidly increasing in

many African countries.

• Suitable WeatherSuitable Weather Rice is tropical crop originally. （ Very limited area for Wheat

cultivation. ）

• Suitable LandSuitable Land There are wide undeveloped wetlands.

• Potential of Productivity ImprovementPotential of Productivity Improvement There is possibility to increase yield per There is possibility to increase yield per

unit with basic technology transfer and unit with basic technology transfer and inputs such as fertilizer and improved inputs such as fertilizer and improved seeds.seeds.

South-South Cooperation

Asia

Africa

Increasing Rate of Yield per unit

area ： 2.2 times

Increasing Rate of

Area ： 1.3 times

Increasing Rate of Yield per unit

area ： 1.4 times

Increasing Rate of

Area ： 3.3 times

• African Green Revolution will be promoted through learning from experience of Asian Green Revolution.

Essentials of “Coalition for African Rice Development (CARD)”

Double rice harvest within 10 years from the present

production of 14 million tons to 28 million tons

Irrigated FieldRehabilitation of Existing Irrigation Facilities, Strengthening of Water

User’s Association

Rainfed LowlandEstablishment of Rice Development Model

Rainfed UplandExpanding of NERICA

Dissemination

AGRA, FARA, NEPAD, WARDA, IRRI,JIRCAS, JICA

WB, AfDB, FAO, IFAD, WFP, UNDP etc

Pilot Countries

Core Organization

Partner（ Donor ）

Implementation Framework

Goal of the Initiative

Approaches classified by agro-ecology

Goal: － Double Africa’s rice harvest within ten years （ 14 million tons →28 million tons ）

－ Accompanied by other measures for rural development .

MeasuresMeasures: － Yield-enhancing technical packages

－ Large numbers of demonstration plots for dissemination of new production technologies

－ Small and medium-scale water management interventions

－ Introduction of small-scale rice processing equipment

－ Creation of better links between smallholder farmers and rice markets － Linkages with existing rice programs and policy frameworks (e.g. CAADP, ARI)

－ High level advocacy measures for adequate representation of the rice sector in CAADP national and regional roundtable processes

－ Partnering with all the stakeholders dedicated or capable of contributing to a Green Revolution

in Africa － Preferentially targeting women rice producers to reduce their burden

“Coalition for African Rice Development (CARD)”-Goal and Measures-

MechanismMechanism ：： － A Coalition to be formed as a consultative grouping of participating bilateral and multilateral donors and African and international institutions

－ Core Members: AGRA, NEPAD, FARA, WARDA, IRRI, JIRCAS, JICA

－ Possible Donor Partners: AfDB, WB, FAO, IFAD, WFP, UNDP, Bilateral donors (Asian rice

producing countries), etc

－ Pilot Countries: Selection criteria to be established (e.g. national policies; readiness of donor

intervention; production growth potential; groups with similar production characteristics)

－ Secretariat: Staff allocated from AGRA, WARDA and JICA in AGRA Head Quarters in Nairobi

Main Function of CARDMain Function of CARD ：： － Harmonization/coordination of policies and actions between CARD and African rice producing

countries

－ Identification of high potential areas

－ Advocacy and resource mobilization

－ Information/knowledge sharing and dissemination of technologies

－ Facilitation of human and institutional capacity strengthening

－ Monitoring the progress of the Coalition initiative

“Coalition for African Rice Development (CARD)”-Implementation Mechanism-

Green Revolution in Asia

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

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3.5

4

Year

Yiel

d ( t

on/h

a )

Rice AsiaRice in SSANon-Rice AsiaNon- rice in SSA

By Dr. Keijiro Otsuka, FASID

- Asian green revolution has been realized in rice production.

- Asian green revolution has been achieved through the close collaboration of research institution (IRRI), multilateral and bilateral donors.

- Asian experience is very useful, although conditions prevailing in Africa are different.

South-south Cooperation between Asia and Africa

• TICAD IV stressed the importance of “Broadening Partnership” and calls for the promotion of South-South cooperation, in particular Asia and Africa.

• Support for agriculture under the TICAD process will include attention to ..…, and the encouragement of South-South cooperation including triangular cooperation.

• Thailand and Vietnam expressed their willingness to contribute agriculture development in Africa during TICAD IV meeting.

• With the partnership of JICA’s South-South cooperation program, Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand have already started their cooperation for agriculture and rural development in Africa.

• CARD encourage the participation of Asian countries for the achievement of the doubling rice production in Africa.

END

Thank you for your attention