Development and Selection of Organic Wheat...
Transcript of Development and Selection of Organic Wheat...
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Development and Selection of Organic Wheat Varieties
P. Stephen Baenziger,
Professor and Nebraska Wheat Growers Presidential
Chair
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Topics• Understanding your system and how to select/breed new varieties
• What to consider when selecting a variety for organic production—what makes you unique and how should breeders respond?
• Understanding the value chain for plant breeding.
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Selecting Varieties for Organic Production
• Common themes in organic production: – Value is added by the organic label (it is a market and a cropping system).
– Need better disease resistance (including seed transmitted diseases)
– Need superior end‐use quality– Protein content is usually not high in organic wheat– Yield is less important than quality.
• Conventionally developed varieties may do well in organic production, but it is trial and error, not by design.
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Organic Production Systems
• Heavily based upon rotations (not seasons, planting to harvest).
• Diseases– All the regulars (stripe rust, wheat streak mosaic virus, root rots , etc.
– Seed borne fungi—Common bunt (syn. stinking smut)
• How do you source your seed? Are you buying untreated conventionally produced seed, organic certified seed, or saving your seed? Which of these will be allowed in the future?
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What is Your System
• Do you plant after a crop that requires freezing (to kill weeds) before harvest? – Should you select a very winterhardy variety?– Should you select a variety that recovers well after the winter?
• How will you manage weeds in your system? – Do you need a weed competitive or taller wheat for your system?
• How do you apply N in your system?
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Select the Better Variety
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Grain Protein %
Grain Yield (bu/a)
Grain Protein vs. Grain Yield
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Common Bunt (Stinking Smut)• Devastating disease due to odor—hard
to even get cattle to eat the grain with molasses.
• It is in our soil and is a seed‐borne disease. Seed hygiene is critical.
• Infection occurs in the coleoptile before emergence and is favored by cool temperatures.
• Controlled by clean seed, seed treatments, and genetic resistance (rarely used in conventional breeding).
• How do you source your seed? Are you buying untreated conventionally produced seed or organic seed or saving seed? Which will be allowed in the future?
R S MR
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NRPN Data for 2017
The rarity of bunt resistance
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Introduce Variation
Segregation and Selection
Evaluation and Release
Better assaysMarker assisted/Genomic Selection
Doubled haploidy
Traditional PlantBreedingAllied Sciences
Choose the right parents. Bunt Resistance/quality
Cropping SystemsBiometryModeling
OrganicEmphasis
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Value Chain:1. Organic growers like to save seed.2. Public and private breeding programs are built upon royalties to
sustain their programs.3. Will need to develop a new value chain to support public and private
breeding programs tailored to the organic industry1. Possibly a royalty on the grain sold to mills.
By providing producers & consumers with the best wheat varieties capable of making outstanding products. Produce what you can sell.
A successful variety release program is based on numerous skillsand talented people.