Developing sound climate-smart strategies based on zoom-ins

Michael Dingkuhn, CIRAD-IRRI-CCAFS

“Developing Climate-Smart Crops for a 2030 World” Workshop ILRI, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 6-8 December 2011

Questions on zoom-ins

• Rice, sorghum, beans, banana/plantain• How many zoom-ins per species?• Selection criteria?• Funding per zoom-in? • Integration with local / international projects? • Breeder interactions?• Modeling support?

Typologies: 1. crop type

Rice Sorghum

Upland RainfedLowlandIrrigated

Trans planted

Direct seeded

Unfav’ble extensive

Favorable intensive

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FF/FFFImproved grain

Traditional African

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Typologies: 2. Region

IGP

Monsoonal SE Asia

EA mid-highlands

WASavannahs

WASavannahs

LASavannahs

Sahel … …

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Typologies: 3. Institutional priorities & CC-specific analyses

• NARS home priorities• CG centres’ regional/global typologies & stats• New info on vulnerability to CC• New info on potential gains from CC

Þ Need to integrate info, also consider practical issues, construct a doable program

Key questions– How many zoom-ins? Which ones? Criteria?– How can breeders participate in CC adaptation research?– There is a lot of CC adaptation research going on in CG centers, including

modeling. How can we tap into it while maintaining NARS focus?

Key statements (may be right or wrong)– Land/food will be the «oil» of the 2030s. Forget about traditional systems.

Focus radically on intensification– Breeders only need to know the environments they will breed for. No

need for models, we know what we have to do– Breeders have been most successful when going for yield, not

physiological adaptations. But this will change with genomic selection, where we will need tailored ideotype concepts

– Focus more on opportunities coming from CC (e.g., CO2 fertilization; less chilling & more rain in some areas); For the constraints, trust in agronomy & risk management

Extra materials

‘Immortalized’ 2K O. sativa reference panel

Evolution of rice geneticdiversity platform

1st rice genome

sequenced

10500 lines wild & cultivated accessions sequenced

20 varieties genome-wide SNP

2000+ lines genome-wide SNP

Association genetics platform

2005 20112008

Indica

(gro

ups 1,2

,3) A

us

Aromatic

Tropical

(groups 1,2)

Tem

pera

te

Japonica

Admixed

Admixed

Indica(group 4)

Indica

Aromatic &Japonica

Aus

O. glaberrim

a

O. barth

ii

O. rufipogon(Papua New Guinea)

O. rufipogon

(E. & S. Asia)

O. nivarra

O. glumaepatula

O. meridionalis

O. rufipogon

(S. & SE. Asia)

O. sati

va

2012

Global Rice Phenotyping Network of GRiSP++

Yield potentialPhotosynthetic potentialPlant type, architectureHeat, chillingDroughtSalinityEarly vigorCrowdingl

CO2FACE

The molecular breeding revolution must aim at future CO2 levels

300

400

500

200

Pre-industrial

2050

ppm

Time to develop new variety

Green revolution

Genomic revolution

Molecular breeding

Doubling of CO2:Doubling of an external resource, as long as it is limiting:Þ Large increase of biomass, ORÞ Halving of collateral losses (transpiration)Limitations from PAR & N?

Our plants are

adapted to this level

Massive opportunity for breeding?

Objective:Not only measuringCO2 impact; => optimising CO2 usein crops!

25.0 m

1m buffer zone

Individual plots

28.8m2 check plot

Walkways

FACE office75m

75m

FACE facility design

A FACE facility on IRRI farm with 8 rings (4 ambient [green] and 4 elevated CO2 [orange]) each of size 25m diameter (300m2) on a 20 acre area

GRiSP:Plans for a phenotyping/breedingField platform with enhanced CO2