The European Commission's – 2013 'Urban Mobility Package' 'EUROPEAN URBAN MOBILITY POLICIES'
Developing Smart Statistics for Urban Mobility: Challenges and … · 2018-10-02 · Urban data...
Transcript of Developing Smart Statistics for Urban Mobility: Challenges and … · 2018-10-02 · Urban data...
Developing Smart Statistics for Urban Mobility:
Challenges and Opportunities KonstantinosAmpountolas(SeniorLecturer;Co-IUBDC)AndrewMcHugh(SeniorDataScienceManagerUBDC)
VonuThakuriah(FoundingDirectorUBDC)
UrbanBigDataCentre,UniversityofGlasgow,UK
The Urban Big Data Centre
• UKGovernment(EconomicandSocialResearchCouncil)funded• Operatingaresearch-leddataservice
• Datainfrastructureandcollections• Priorityresearchstrands:transport&mobility;neighbourhood,housing&environment;education,skills&productivity;bigdata&urbangovernance
• Combiningsocialscienceresearchwithdataanalyticsandcomputingscience
• Overallaims:• Achievepublicpolicyimpact• Criticallyevaluateroleandvalueofbigdataandurbananalytics• Enhancedataandmethods
“Promotinginnovativeresearchmethodsandtheuseofbigdatatoimprovesocial,economicandenvironmentalwell-beingincities”
The Urban Big Data Centre (http://ubdc.ac.uk) Dataservice/catalog:http://ubdc.gla.ac.uk
Context Techno
logical § Informationgenerationandcapture
§ Datamanagement§ Dataprocessing§ Archiving,curationandstorage§ Disseminationanddiscovery§ Algorithms/AI/MachineLearning Th
eoreticaland
ep
istemological § Understandingmetrics,definitions,andchanging
ideologiesandmethodstosolvingdomainproblems§ Determiningvalidityofapproachesandlimitsto
knowledgefromdata-drivenapproach§ Informationparadoxes(Jevonsparadox),
userequilibriumvssystemequilibrium
Metho
dological Datapreparation
§ Informationretrievalandextraction§ Datalinkage/informationintegration§ Datacleaning,anonymization&quality
Dataanalysis§ Methodstoanalysedomainchallenges§ Uncertainty,biasesanderrorpropagation
Politicalecono
my § Dataentrepreneurship,innovationnetworks
andpowerstructures§ Valuepropositionsandeconomicimplications§ Dataacquisitionsstrategies,accessand
governanceframework§ Privacy,securityandtrustmanagement§ Responsibleinnovationandemergentethics
Urban data context – data sources UrbanBigData ExamplesSensorsystems Environmental,water,transportation,buildingmanagementsensor
systems;connectedsystems;InternetofThingsUser-GeneratedContent
Participatorysensingsystems,citizenscienceprojects,socialmedia,webuse,GPS,onlinesocialnetworksandothersocially-generateddata
Administrative(governmental)Data
Openadministrativedataontransactions,taxesandrevenue,paymentsandregistrations;confidentialperson-levelmicrodata
PrivateSectorData Customertransactionsdatafromstorecardsandbusinessrecords;fleetmanagementsystems;usagedatafromutilitiesandfinancialinstitutions;productpurchasesandtermsofserviceagreements
ArtsandHumanitiesData
Repositoriesoftext,images,soundrecordings,linguisticdata,film,artandmaterialculture,anddigitalobjects,andothermedia
HybridDataSourcesandSyntheticData
Linkeddataincludingsurvey-sensor,census-administrativerecords
Thakuriah,P.,N.TilahunandM.Zellner(2017).BigDataandUrbanInformatics:InnovationsandChallengestoUrbanPlanningandKnowledgeDiscovery.InSeeingCitiesThroughBigData:Research,MethodsandApplicationsinUrbanInformatics,Springer,NY,pp.11-48.
Urban data context – research & methods
Richstrandsofurbananalyticswithinurbanmobilitytheme• Urbanmetabolism–realtimeanalyticsusingsocialmediaandGPSdatatoidentifyspatio-temporalactivityclusters(functionalusage/stayduration…)andsemanticallyannotatedtoconnectlandusePoIandtransportnetworks• Geolocalisationofsocialmediadata–identifyunder-reportedphenomenasuchasroadtrafficincidents,andexplorerelationshipbetweencrashesandcrime• Wearablesensorscombinedtoshowmobilitypatternsandbehaviours(indoorwalking;socialexclusion;travelmodality)• Transportpoverty–relationshipswithlabourmarketsandchangingnatureofwork-smallareatransitavailabilityindicators• Activetravel–usingdatasetssuchasStravaMetro,validatingandinforminginfrastructuralinvestments
Urban data context – research & methods
Richstrandsofurbananalyticswithinurbanmobilitytheme• Urbanmetabolism–realtimeanalyticsusingsocialmediaandGPSdatatoidentifyspatio-temporalactivityclusters(functionalusage/stayduration…)andsemanticallyannotatedtoconnectlandusePoIandtransportnetworks• Geolocalisationofsocialmediadata–identifyunder-reportedphenomenasuchasroadtrafficincidents,andexplorerelationshipbetweencrashesandcrime• Wearablesensorscombinedtoshowmobilitypatternsandbehaviours(indoorwalking;socialexclusion;travelmodality)• Transportpoverty–relationshipswithlabourmarketsandchangingnatureofwork-smallareatransitavailabilityindicators• Activetravel–usingdatasetssuchasStravaMetro,validatingandinforminginfrastructuralinvestments
Key challenges
Skills Technology Datasharing Trust
Skills, knowledge and team composition
Multipleacademicfields• Urbanstudies• Transportandspatialplanning• Engineering• ComputingScience
Subjectspecialisms• Spatialandstatisticalanalytics• ComputingScience:• Information/datamanagement• Informationretrieval• Humancomputerinteraction
• Economics,lawandinformationscience
Skills, knowledge and team composition Teamcomposition• Domainprofessionals• Informationscientists• Statisticalanalysts• Legalandethics• Consumerneedsspecialists• Communications&outreach• Businessmodellers
Successfulteamslearnfromeachother,listentoneeds,areopentonewideas,andareconstantlyseekingtocollaborate.
Skills• Scienceofsensors,includingremotesensingsystems• AI/machinelearning• DBmanagement/administration• Datavisualisation• GISspatialanalysis• Informationgovernance
Technology and structure • Significantlevelsofcapacity-building• Partnershipswithacademics,industryandlocalgovernments• Fit-for-purposetechnologicalandmethodologicalapproaches• Datastandardsforharmonisationacrosscountries• Methodological/algorithmicstandardisation• Havingnationalchampionsandalsolocalchampionstohighlighttheimportanceofsmartstatisticsanddemonstratevaluetokeydecision-makersandthepublic–peerreviewrole?
• Peer-to-peernetworkstoestablishcollaborationandcommunity-basedlearning• Havingapproachestoqueryandminethedatainanexploratorysensetounderstandemergingtrends
• Meaningfulandimpactfulderiveddataandanalysis,andproactivelydemonstratingpublicgood
• Publicengagementandinformingpublicofbenefitsandrisksofdata(especiallynecessarywhenothersarenowprovidingcriticaldata)
Data sharing
• Partnershiptrumpsavendor/customerrelationship• Licensinganddatasharingagreementsmustreflectcurrentandanticipatedfutureuse• Dataqualityassessmentmustconsidertherelationship
• Continuityofsupply–conformitytoagreedspecification?• Organisationalstability• Methodologicaltransparency/stability
• Whatreassurancesfordataownersareinplace?• Privacybydesign• Informationsecuritycontrols• Processfordatasharing
Trust and validation • Expertevaluation/recognisedaccreditedauthority/reviewandoversightoftrustacrossdifferentsectors• Seekgroundtruthdata–easiersaidthendonebutimportanttohaveasaspirationalgoal• Softsystemsapproachesfromamethodologicalperspectivetoderiveweightsonresultsfromdifferentmethodsordifferentanalysts• Novelmethodologicalapproachestoassessandcaptureuncertaintyateachstageofdatatooutputlifecycle• Conductextensivesensitivityanalysisandsimulationstounderstandbehaviourofstatisticsandindicatorsfrom“blackbox”algorithmsateverystageoftheparametertuningorcriticaljunctures–validations/evaluationsshouldoccuratthesestagesnotjustwiththefinalproduct• Closingtheloop!Closed-loopfeedbackstatistics
Thankyou!