Developing Sidedress N Recommendations for Corn in Central PA using a Crop Circle ACS-210
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Developing Sidedress N Recommendations for Corn in Central PA
using a Crop Circle ACS-210
John Schmidt Adam DellingerDoug Beegle
ARS and Penn State
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Background
Improving N recommendations for corn
Sidedressing N is common in PA
Many fields with a manure history
Spatial variability in relief, aspect, soil water content
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Field selection – 2005
State College area, four fields
Previous crop
Corn, Soybean, Soybean with manure history, Alfalfa
Soil pH: 5.5 – 6.2
Soil P (M3): 17 – 101 mg kg-1
Soil K (M3): 93 – 160 mg kg-1
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Treatment design
Whole plot, 30 x 105 ft
Control
50 lb acre-1 N as NH4NO3
Manure, 115 – 165 lb acre-1 total N
Split-plot, 30 x 15 ft
Control
250 lb acre-1 N as NH4NO3 at planting
20, 40, 80, 120, and 160 lb acre-1 N as NH4NO3 at sidedress
Four Blocks
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Sensor
Crop Circle ACS-210 Plant Canopy Reflectance
Emission Bands: 590 and 880 nm
Two detectors: 400 – 680 nm, 800 – 1100 nm
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Data collection
8 samples per second
Simultaneously georeferenced
Trimble Pro XRS GPS and TSCe Field Device
24 – 32 inch sensor height
Weekly, June 8 – July 12
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Data collection
Grain yield
PSNT from the control
SPAD readings at sidedress
Leaf tissue at silking
Stalk nitrate test, selected trts
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Grain yield response – Corn after corn
0
20
4060
80
100
120140
160
180
0 50 100 150 200 250
N rate (lb / acre)
Gra
in y
ield
(b
u /
acre
) .
Control
50 lb N / acre
Manure
$0.30 / lb N$2 / bu corn
EONR = 94
EONR = 73 EONR = 124
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0
2040
60
80100
120
140160
180
0 50 100 150 200 250
N rate (lb / acre)
Gra
in y
ield
(b
u /
acre
) .
Control
50 lb N / acre
Manure
Grain yield response – Corn after soybean
EONR = 43
EONR = 0EONR = 54
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20
4060
80100
120140
160180
200
0 50 100 150 200 250
N rate (lb / acre)
Gra
in y
ield
(b
u /
acre
) .
Control
50 lb N / acre
Manure
Grain yield response – Corn after alfalfa
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020
4060
80100
120140
160180
0 50 100 150 200 250
N rate (lb / acre)
Gra
in y
ield
(b
u /
acre
) .
Control
50 lb N / acre
Manure
Grain yield response – Corn after soybean (manure history)
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EONR (Economic Optimum N Rate)
Previous cropPrevious crop Whole plot trtWhole plot trt EONR (lb N / acre)EONR (lb N / acre)
CornCorn ControlControl 9494
50 lb N / acre50 lb N / acre 7373
ManureManure 124124
SoybeanSoybean ControlControl 4343
50 lb N / acre50 lb N / acre 00
ManureManure 5454
AlfalfaAlfalfa 00
Soybean (manure history)Soybean (manure history) 00
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0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0 50 100 150 200 250N rate (lb / acre)
ND
VI
7-Jun 15-Jun 21-Jun 30-Jun 11-Jul
NDVI, Corn after corn, Control (whole plot)
June 24N applied
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NDVI, Corn after corn, Control (whole plot)
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
2-Jun 12-Jun 22-Jun 2-Jul 12-JulCalendar date
ND
VI
.
Control 250 lb N / acre
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NDVI, NDVIratio and SPADratio
VISNIR
VISNIRNDVI
0
250
NDVI
NDVINDVIratio
0
250
SPAD
SPADSPAD ratio
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EONR as a function of NDVI ratio
y = 289x - 269
r2 = 0.73
y = 358x - 322
r2 = 0.72
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3NDVIratio
EO
NR
(lb
/ ac
re)
.
21-Jun11-Jul
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y = -4.2x2 + 10.0x - 4.7
r2 = 0.79
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2
SPAD ratio
ND
VI r
ati
o
.NDVIratio compared to SPAD ratio, June 21
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y = 358x - 322
r2 = 0.72
y = 368x - 337
r2 = 0.40
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2Ratio Value
EO
NR
(lb
N /
acre
) .
SPAD ratioNDVI ratio
EONR as a function of NDVIratio or SPAD ratio
June 21
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Summary
First year of results in PA
Sensor was effective at those sites requiring N fertilizer
NDVI ratio was correlated to SPAD ratio
NDVI ratio was better correlated to EONR than SPAD ratio