Developing Reading and Writing Fluency

Fluency“Fluency is the ability to read effectively, and it involves three components: 1) reading rate, word recognition and prosodyReading rate-refers to speedWord recognition-instantly recognize most wordsProsody-expression, phrasing, and intonationFluent readers comprehend more of what they are reading because they recognize and identify words easilyMost students gain reading fluency by third grade (at least 100 wpm)

Promoting Reading Fluency

Repeated readingsChoral ReadingEcho ReadingBuddy ReadingModel chunking and phrasing Frequent reading practiceReading stamina-(reading silently)

Round-Robin Reading-no longer recommended

Word Recognition

Sight words-words that students recognize on “sight”

Through repeated readings, students develop automaticity, the ability to quickly recognize words without analyzing the word or word parts

Word Recognition

Teach:Sight WordsHigh Frequency Words

By:Posting word wallsMaking WordsMinilessonsRepeated readings readingClapping Chanting

Word Identification Strategies

Strategies to identify words that student’s don’t recognize immediately

Phonic Analysis

Analogies

Syllabic Analysis

Morphemic Analysis

Figure 6--6 Word Identification Strategies

Gail E. TompkinsLiteracy for the 21st Century, 3e

Copyright ©2003 by Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458

All rights reserved.

Phonic Analysis

Students use knowledge of sound symbol relationships

Phonic generalizations-blends, cvce patterns, digraphs, etc.

By Analogy

Student use knowledge of rhyming words

Students use knowledge of onsets and rimes (word families)

Bat, that, chat, mat, rat, slat, etc.

Syllabic Analysis

Breaking words in to syllables can often help with pronunciationA syllable is a group of letters that forms a pronunciation unitEvery syllable contains a vowel soundDiphthongs are treated as single unitsA syllable may have more than one vowel letterOpen syllables- end in vowel soundsClosed syllables- end in consonant sounds

Try these words: turtle, tiger, giraffe, zebra, alligator, elephant, zookeeper, monkey, facilitate, transportation

Morphemic Analysis

Root words- a morpheme to which affixes are added Ex. port – report, reporter, transport, portable, deport

Affixes: Prefixes and Suffixes-Letters or sequences of letters that are added to root words to Good readers learn to recognize common prefixes and suffixesKnowledge of prefixes/suffixes helps readers decode words as well as decipher meanings Suffixes- ex. –able (able to), -er (one who), -tion/sion (state of being), -ous (full of)Prefixes- ex. un-(not), pre-(before), bi (two), in-(not), dis-(not), bio (life)

Venn Diagram for trans and port

transport

Assessment of Reading

Reading Speed Phrasing Prosody Automaticity

Figure 6--11 Guidelines for Teaching Students to Identify Words

Gail E. TompkinsLiteracy for the 21st Century, 3e

Copyright ©2003 by Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458

All rights reserved.