Developing new projects in a mineral rich area of western ... · Developing new projects in a...
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Developing new projects in a mineral rich area of western
Europe- recent experiences in SW England
Charlie MoonConsultant
& Camborne School of Mines, University of Exeter, Cornwall
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The view from western Europe
• Sharp decrease in mining, particularly metallics and coal
• Metallic mining at the periphery of the EU or perhaps better as imports from non-EU countries
• Increased emphasis on importing aggregates and building materials, even dimension stone
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0 60 120 180 24030Kilometers
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Commodities in SW England
• Metallics- Sn, W, (Cu, Zn, U)• China Clay• Ball Clay• Aggregates• Building Stone• Holes (Waste Disposal)
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Economic backgroundDevon and Cornwall
• Historical mineral producer(UNESCO World Heritage Site)• Major tourist area• Low wage region (Cornwall had objective
1 status)• Immigration from Central England and
London region• Regeneration
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MINE SITES AND LANDSCAPES
Geevor and Levant mines, west Penwith
Botallack/Wheal Edward,west Penwith
Source: world heritage site
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Protected Areas
0 8 16 24 324Kilometers
Devon
Cornwall
Legend
Sites of Special Scientific InterestBuilt up areasAreas of Outstanding Natural BeautyNational ParksDistrict Council Boundaries
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Strict Mineral Planning
(county level)
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Questions
• To what degree do increased environmental and permitting regulations limit new operations, particularly by Small and Medium- sized Enterprises, creating barriers to entry?
• Does increased consolidation and increasing scale of projects distance operators from local population and thus degrade the social licence to operate?
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Metallic Projects
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#[̀
#
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Geevor
Redmoor
Hemerdon
Wheal JaneSouth Crofty
Wheal Concord
Legend
[̀")
#
Active mine
Development
Mine worked since 1980
Mineralised Vein
Granite
Other geological unit
0 10 20 30 405Kilometers
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Wheal Jane Overview
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Wheal Jane Cross Section(After Rayment et al., 1971
& www.phdcsm.freeserve.co.uk)
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Wheal Jane
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Mine water rebound(Younger 2002)
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Wheal Jane, Cornwall
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Wheal Jane (Younger et al. 2005)
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The recommencement of mining in or adjacent to the World Heritage Site –Sustainable development (Policy 7d)[World Heritage Site Management Plan]‘Proposals for the resumption of mining will be supported where they do not adversely affect the outstanding universal value of the Site.’
South Crofty
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June 2007
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Hemerdontungsten project
Width 5 km, looking NE
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granite
0 1 2 3 40.5Kilometers
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Production Process
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0 0.25 0.5 0.75 10.125Kilometers
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China Clay (kaolinite)
• Major employer (c. 3000 direct)• Originally SMEs then amalgamated
(ECLP) now Imerys• Separate planning regime• Significant reduction in 2007 due to energy
and other costs
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Aggregates
• Granite, limestone, sandstone, mafics• Some local use (roads, buildings)• Export to rest of England• Secondary aggregates becoming more
important• Transport issues
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Agg Ind Uk
Hanson
Tarmac
Atlantic
Glendinning
Others
Agg Ind Uk
Hanson
Tarmac
Atlantic
Others
Goonvean
Crushed Rock Sand & Gravel
South West “local”Market
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Agg Ind Uk
Hanson
Tarmac
RMC
Lafarge
Bretts
Others
Agg Ind Uk
Hanson
Lafarge
RMC
Brets
Others
Tarmac/Hanson10ktpa
50ktpa
15ktpa
20ktpa 10ktpa
10ktpa
Southern England & South Wales Market: Sea Borne
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Building Stone
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Eden project: Source PGWA
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Conclusions
• Past problems and new legislation has led to difficult and expensive permitting
• Comprehensive planning tends to make new exploration more difficult and locks production into a few hands
• This consolidation also mitigates against a social licence to operate