Developing a Method using Potash to Control …...Developing a Method using Potash to Control...

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Developing a Method using Potash to Control Mussels in Irrigation Pipelines Barry Olson Andrea Kalischuk, Brad Calder, Ki Au, Lloyd Healy Alberta Agriculture and Forestry Ivan Friesen Eastern Irrigation District Invasive Mussel Collaborative Webinar March 6, 2017

Transcript of Developing a Method using Potash to Control …...Developing a Method using Potash to Control...

Page 1: Developing a Method using Potash to Control …...Developing a Method using Potash to Control Mussels in Irrigation Pipelines Barry Olson Andrea Kalischuk, Brad Calder, Ki Au, Lloyd

Developing a Method using Potash to Control Mussels in Irrigation Pipelines

Barry OlsonAndrea Kalischuk, Brad Calder, Ki Au, Lloyd Healy

Alberta Agriculture and Forestry

Ivan FriesenEastern Irrigation District

Invasive Mussel CollaborativeWebinar

March 6, 2017

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March of the mussels –– 1986 to 2016

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Invasive mussels in Montana

Alberta

Saskatchewan

Great Falls

Helena

Lethbridge

Taber

Brooks

Tiber Reservoir

Missouri River

Milk River

Missouri River

Marias River

Canyon Ferry Reservoir

Fresno Reservoir

Nelson Reservoir

Border crossing

100 km

N

S

EW

?

Montana

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Southern Alberta is irrigation

Calgary

Lethbridge

Infrastructure:Valued at $3.6 billion51 reservoirs3700 km canals4300 km pipelinesControl structuresPumping stations13 irrigation districts

Supports:Irrigated land (700,100 ha)LivestockCommunities/municipalitiesWetlands (32,000 ha)Parks and recreation

0 100 km

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• Chlorine

• Chlorine dioxide

• Chloramines

• Ozone

• Bromine

• Hydrogen peroxide

• Potassium permanganate

• Ferrate

• Ammonium nitrate

But what if they come?

Chemical control possibilities

• Bacteria-based molluscicide (Zequanox)

• BioBullets

• Copper ions (Bluestone)

• Potassium salts

• Sodium metabisulfite

• Flocculation

• Salinity

• pH adjustment

There are no chemicals currently registered for use in Canada

Page 6: Developing a Method using Potash to Control …...Developing a Method using Potash to Control Mussels in Irrigation Pipelines Barry Olson Andrea Kalischuk, Brad Calder, Ki Au, Lloyd

• Chlorine

• Chlorine dioxide

• Chloramines

• Ozone

• Bromine

• Hydrogen peroxide

• Potassium permanganate

• Ferrate

• Ammonium nitrate

But what if they come?

Chemical control possibilities

• Bacteria-based molluscicide (Zequanox)

• BioBullets

• Copper ions (Bluestone)

• Potassium salts

• Sodium metabisulfite

• Flocculation

• Salinity

• pH adjustment

There are no chemicals currently registered for use in Canada

Potassium salts

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Why potash?

• Anesthetic

• Potassium ion interferes with gill respiration

• Naturally occurring

• Essential nutrient for plant and animals

• Available locally in large quantities

• Easily purchased

• Used as an agricultural fertilizer

K+

Cl-

Page 8: Developing a Method using Potash to Control …...Developing a Method using Potash to Control Mussels in Irrigation Pipelines Barry Olson Andrea Kalischuk, Brad Calder, Ki Au, Lloyd

Registration of potash for mussel control

• Alberta Environment and Parks (lead)

− Alberta Agriculture and Forestry

− Alberta Innovates

− Agrium Inc.

• Pesticide Management Regulatory Agency

(Health Canada)

− Pre-submission (2015–2016)

− Full registration application (2017)

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Potash as a treatment method researchin irrigation infrastructure

Objectives

•Develop and test potash preparation methods.

•Develop and test pipeline injection equipment and methods.

• Assess the effects of irrigating potash-treated water on soil and crop health.

• Confirm the economic costs and considerations for treating Alberta’s irrigation systems with potash.

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Research partners

• Alberta Agriculture and Forestry

• Growing Forward 2

• Alberta Innovates

• Irrigation Districts / Eastern Irrigation District

• Alberta Irrigation Projects Association

• Alberta Environment and Parks

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2016 Field research studies

• Pipeline Field Trial

– One test in the EID

• Small-plot Study

– Alberta Agriculture and Forestry Irrigation Technology Centre

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Pipeline field trial

EW

N

S

Settling pond25 x 100 m

0 0.5 km

Eastern Irrigation District

District pipeline2.5 km long

¼ section pivot40.5 ha

0.4-km pipeline

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Pipeline treatment concept

Transport tank112,000 mg/L K+

Dosage pump

Settlingpond

Center pivot

Diluted to 100 mg/L K+

target concentrationHeld for 48 hours

1.8 h to treat the whole pipeline/pivot

Flow meter

3480 L/min

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EW

N

S

Soil sampling

4.95 ha received KCl-treated water(5.5 mm)

0–15 cm

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Soil chemistry (0 to 15 cm)

1.0

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0

dS/m

Electrical conductivity

a

a

Pre Post0

20

15

10

5

mg/kg

Chloride (Cl-)

aa

Pre Post

700

500

400

300

200

100

0

mg/kg

Potassium (K+)

a a

Pre Post

600

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Pipeline trial summary

74 kg KCl was used in the treatment39 kg K+

Irrigated amount: 5.5 mm

7.9 kg/ha K+

Canola (2 tonne/ha) will remove 17 kg/ha K+

65 tonne/ha beef manure (700 kg/ha K+)

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Small-plot study

• Three Treatments

0 mg/L

100 mg/L

500 mg/L

• Four replicates

• Treatments were applied three times in 2016

15 mm irrigation rate

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Plot layout

0

100

500 0

100

500

0

100

500

0

100

500

Soil sampling micro-plots (3 x 3 m)

0–2.5 cm0–15 cm15–30 cm30–60 cm

Rep A

Rep B Rep C

Rep D

96 m diameter

EW

N

S

Barley (2016)

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100 mg/L K+ applied 3 times (15 mm)

45 kg/ha K+

500 mg/L K+ applied 3 times (15 mm)

225 kg/ha K+

Application rates

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100 mg/L K+ treatment:

K+, Cl-, and EC increased in surface soil, but not significantly

500 mg/L K+ treatment:

K+ increased in surface soil, but not significantly

Cl- and EC significantly increased in the surface soil

Cl- leached into the soil

After three applications

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Future work –– 2017

Potash Preparation

• Continue to modify methods

Pipeline Field Trials

• Test more complex pipelines (four systems)

• Use a new pump and flow-meter system

• Soil chemistry and crop quality

Small-plot Study

• Repeated applications all season

• Soil chemistry

• Crop yield and quality

Economic Assessment

• Began contract work in spring 2017

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Thank youThank youThank youThank youBarry [email protected]

Water Quality SectionAlberta Agriculture and Forestry