Developed by Pringle Creek Watershed Council Salem, Oregon Urban Weed Management.
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Transcript of Developed by Pringle Creek Watershed Council Salem, Oregon Urban Weed Management.
Developed by Pringle Developed by Pringle Creek Watershed CouncilCreek Watershed Council
Salem, OregonSalem, Oregon
Urban Weed ManagementUrban Weed Management
Presentation overview
• Definition of “weeds”
• Weed impacts
• Ways to identify and control common invasive plants
• How to tackle weeds in your yard
• Resources for additional help
What is considered a weed?
• Any plant growing where it is not wanted.
• Invasive and noxious weeds are the most troublesome.– Rapidly dominate the site– Very difficult to control
Noxious Weeds in Oregon• Landowners are responsible for controlling
the spread of noxious weeds on their property
• Class A – worst; Class B – not as bad
Class “A” Weeds Class “B” Weeds
Weed impacts• Out-compete other plants for water, nutrients, and sun• Costly and difficult to control• Loss of wildlife and fish habitat; yard space• Some are toxic to people
and animals• Decrease property value• Increase erosion• Can take over
recreational areas• Minimize land uses• Spread rapidly
How do weeds spread?
• Humans• Pets• Wildlife• Water• Wind• Vehicles• Machinery• “Wildflower” mixes• We plant them• Soil disturbance
Weed Management
• Buy clean seed for wildflowers or lawns; don’t plant weeds!
• Clean yard equipment before using it in another area
• Control weeds along streams
• Use mulch materials or weed mats
• Pull weeds early – before they go to seed!
Prevention is the most effective practice of all!
Control MethodsMechanical• Mowing, hand pulling, burning, solarizing
Cultural• Shading, site preparation, plant
appropriate competitive vegetation
Biological• Parasites, predators, and pathogens;
typically a slow process
Chemical• Often requires repeated application; can
be sprayed, wiped or painted onto leaves or stumps; usually most effective in fall; USE ACCORDING TO LABEL
Perennial
Woody evergreen vine
Reproduces by seed and roots
Can kill trees!
Berries are poisonous to most wildlife. Starlings love them!
Control methods: hand pull or roll up vinescut stems on vines in trees & pull away lower vines from trunkapply herbicides (requires repeated application due to waxy leaves)
English Ivy (Hedera helix)
Perennial
Deciduous to partially evergreen
Reproduces by seed and roots
Doesn’t grow as well in shade
Control:
mow (at ground level) repeatedly
dig or pull up root crowns
deep shade from larger trees
apply herbicides in the fall to leaves or cut stumps
Himalayan Blackberry (Rubus discolor)
Biennial
2-5 feet tall
Flowers purple July-September
Reproduces by seed
Seed can be viable for 10 years
Bull Thistle (Cirsium vulgare)
Control:
hand pull
cut or mow before going to seed
apply herbicides in late fall or early spring
Perennial
Flowers light pink-purple
Grows 1-4 feet tall
Has deep horizontal roots
Reproduces through creeping roots, some seed
Canada Thistle (Cirsium arvense)
Control:
pull by hand (small plants)
apply herbicides; spot-spraying young plants is very effective
PerennialCan grow up to 12 feet tallHollow, bamboo-like stemsLong creeping roots Dies back in winter
Control: Cut close to ground regularly (every 2 weeks during growing season)* dig (small plants and surface roots)apply herbicides to leaves & stems in the summer or early fall*be sure to properly dispose of all plant material
Japanese Knotweed (Polygonum cuspidatum)
Control:
hand pull or dig* (small plants)
apply herbicides in early spring or late fall*be sure to wear gloves & properly dispose of all plant material
Biennial
Grows to 10 feet tall
Tiny white flowers & purple-mottled stems
All parts of plant are highly poisonous (if eaten)
Reproduces by seed
Poison Hemlock (Conium maculatum)
Control:pull with weed wrenching toolmow or cut (prior to seed ripening)apply herbicides to foliage while actively growing or bark anytime
Perennial
Woody shrub with dark green branches, 3-10 feet tall
Reproduces by seed; seeds are protected by a flat pod
Soil disturbance results in a new crop of seedlings
Scotch Broom (Cytisus scoparius)
Perennial grass
Leaves ¼ - ¾ inches wide
Stems 2-7 feet tall, covered by waxy coating
Forms thick mat of roots and rhizomes
Reed Canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea)
Control:hand pull or mowsolarize shade out the plantapply herbicides in early spring or fall
Control: cut, dig, or hand pull (small plants) cut and remove the flowering spikes to prevent new seedlingsapply herbicides when actively growing at full to late flowering
Perennial
Flowers purple on spikes
Stems are square; plant can be 6-8 feet in height
Reproduces by seed and roots
Purple Loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria)
Perennial
Grows up to 6 feet tall
White, pink, violet or blue flowers
Brought to the U.S. as an ornamental; widely planted
Control:
hand pull (seedlings)
apply herbicide to cut stumps
Note: cutting the plant encourages growth and applying herbicides to leaves is generally ineffective.
Butterfly Bush (Buddleia davidii)
Weed treatment in riparian areas
• Select the most effective treatment methods for the site
• If herbicides are used, be sure the label allows application adjacent to or in the water
• Consider wipe application or hand removal
Now what?• Inventory the plants on
your property
• Identify invasive plants and weeds
• Do you have a weed problem? Why?
• What can you change about the way you manage your property to decrease the weed population?
ENGLISH IVYENGLISH IVY
Proper disposal of weeds
• Put fresh noxious and perennial weed material in your garbage
• Don’t add it to your compost bin or yard debris cart; especially seeds or root material
• Don’t leave any root parts or seeds in wet areas; they will sprout!
Then...• Determine appropriate
controls and your plans for the site and start working
• Monitor for invasive plants
• Plant native plants in your yard after the weeds are under control
• Marion & Polk SWCDs have annual native plant sales in February
• Share this information with others
Helpful Resources
Pringle Creek Watershed Council…………....503-566-4034web: www.open.org/pcwc
Marion Soil & Water Conservation District….503-391-9927web: www.open.org/mariswcd
Oregon Department of Agriculture…………...503-986-4621web: www.oregon.gov/ODA
OSU Extension - Marion County Office……...503-588-5301web: extension.oregonstate.edu/marion
Pacific NW Weed Control Handbookweb: weeds.ippc.orst.edu/pnw/weeds
Helpful BooksWeeds of the West Western US Cooperative Extension ServicesTom Whitson, Editor; 2001
Northwest WeedsRonald J. Taylor; 2003
Plants of the Pacific Northwest CoastJim Pojar and Andy Mackinnon; 1994
Handbook of Northwestern PlantsHelen Gilkey and LaRea J. Dennis; 2001
Gardening with Native Plants of the Pacific NorthwestArthur Kruckeberg; 2003
Trees and Shrubs for Pacific Northwest GardensJohn Grant, et. al.; 2003