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Transcript of Developed by: Carol Hilbinger, Director of Deaf and Hard...
Developed by:
Carol Hilbinger, Director of Deaf and Hard of Hearing
Independent Living Services, DEAF, Inc.
Revised: Sept. 2012
© 2012 DEAF, Inc.
The Ins and Outs of Assistive Technology and Communication Access Options
Revision Date: 9/18/2012
Page 2 of 29 Printed date: 9/25/2012
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGY FOR DEAF AND HARD OF HEARING ...................... 3
HEARING AIDS & OTHER ..................................................................... 3 ASSISTIVE LISTENING SYSTEMS ..................................................................... 4
FM SYSTEMS ........................................................................................ 5 AUDIO LOOP ......................................................................................... 6 INFRARED ............................................................................................. 7 PERSONAL (WIRED) .............................................................................. 8 HEADSET OPTIONS ............................................................................... 9 RECEIVERS ......................................................................................... 10
ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS ............................................................... 11 GENERAL SETUP ................................................................................. 11 DOORBELL .......................................................................................... 12 FIRE ALARM ....................................................................................... 13 CO DETECTOR ................................................................................... 14 BABY CRY ........................................................................................... 15 ALARM CLOCK ................................................................................... 16 CLOSED CAPTIONING ......................................................................... 17
TELEPHONE OPTIONS ................................................................................... 18 MASSACHUSETTS EQUIPMENT DISTRIBUTION PROGRAM ................ 18 AMPLIFIED TELEPHONES AND PORTABLE AMPLIFIERS .................... 19 TTY & TTY - VCO ............................................................................ 20 MASSACHUSETTS RELAY SERVICE (711) ........................................... 21 VIDEO PHONE (VP) AND VRS ............................................................ 22 IP-RELAY ............................................................................................ 23 TEXT BASED, VOICE RECOGNITION .................................................. 24
COMMUNICATION ACCESS SERVICES .......................................................... 26 SIGN LANGUAGE INTERPETERS AND INTERPRETER BASICS ............. 26 CART AND CART BASICS ................................................................. 28 INTERPRETER/CART REQUEST ........................................................ 29
The Ins and Outs of Assistive Technology and Communication Access Options
Revision Date: 9/18/2012
Page 3 of 29 Printed date: 9/25/2012
ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGY FOR DEAF AND HARD OF HEARING
HEARING AIDS & OTHER
Hearing Aids
Many different types:
Analog
Digital
Bone Conduction
Other
Cochlear Implants
ABI – Auditory Brainstem Implants
External Processor for
Cochlear Implant
In the Ear (ITE),
In the Canal (ITC)
hearing aids
BTE hearing aid molds
Behind the Ear (BTE)
Hearing aid
The Ins and Outs of Assistive Technology and Communication Access Options
Revision Date: 9/18/2012
Page 4 of 29 Printed date: 9/25/2012
ASSISTIVE LISTENING SYSTEMS
Brings sound closer and blocks out background noise. Many public meeting
areas, movie theaters, auditoriums and churches have assistive listening
systems that work with or without a hearing aid to provide additional
amplification. Small personal systems can be used at home, in smaller
areas, or for watching the television.
FM Systems
Audio Loop
Infrared
Personal (wired)
The Ins and Outs of Assistive Technology and Communication Access Options
Revision Date: 9/18/2012
Page 5 of 29 Printed date: 9/25/2012
ASSISTIVE LISTENING SYSTEMS
FM SYSTEMS
FM = frequency modulation and works same as FM radios
Sound travels on a radio wave and can be picked up by receivers tuned to the same
‘frequency/channel’ as the transmitter within a certain range.
These can be elaborate systems set up anyplace
-Large room -Auditorium -Small group
-Classroom -1:1 meetings -other
Pros:
o Clearer sound signal in most places
o Easiest to set up
o Multiple receivers can be used with one transmitter
Cons:
o Not much privacy - anyone with receivers or even some FM radios
can potentially “listen in”
FM Transmitter
(single-channel)
FM receiver
(single-channel)
FM Transmitter (Multi-channel)
FM receiver
(multi-channel)
Mixer for multiple
microphones Multi-channel transmitter
The Ins and Outs of Assistive Technology and Communication Access Options
Revision Date: 9/18/2012
Page 6 of 29 Printed date: 9/25/2012
ASSISTIVE LISTENING SYSTEMS
AUDIO LOOP
Makes an electric “bubble” which allows ‘induction’ receivers or hearing aids
with a Telecoil or “T-Switch” to pick up sound. The signal is only able to be
received within the loop or nearby. The ‘electric bubble’ is contained within the
wire looped around an area (room, auditorium, automobile, office, etc).
Pros:
o Mostly secure for privacy. Must be in the ‘loop’ or nearby to be able
to pick up the signal, however, it can travel through walls and floors if
it is strong enough.
o Low cost
o If have a hearing aid with T-switch, no additional receiver is needed to
pick up the signal, discreet
Cons:
o The sound quality can be unclear if the signal is not strong enough
o “Dead Spots” can happen in a room where other electrical signals
interfere. Other electronic devices may cause “noise”
o Loop must be installed in area of use
Audio Loop
The Ins and Outs of Assistive Technology and Communication Access Options
Revision Date: 9/18/2012
Page 7 of 29 Printed date: 9/25/2012
ASSISTIVE LISTENING SYSTEMS
INFRARED
Converts sound into a signal that travels on light waves. Infrared receivers are
needed to pick up this signal and convert it back into sound.
Receiver must be in the room with the transmitter and in view of transmitter
(not hidden from view). Transmitter must have unobstructed view of receiver
since light waves can’t go through walls! Commonly used in assistive
equipment for movie theatres and television.
Pros:
o Clear sound
o Most private as a person must be in the same room in order to receive
the signal
Cons:
o Awkward to set up
o Equipment can be expensive
o Transmitter is not portable, system must use electric power
o Natural sunlight may interfere
Infrared Transmitter Infrared Receiver
The Ins and Outs of Assistive Technology and Communication Access Options
Revision Date: 9/18/2012
Page 8 of 29 Printed date: 9/25/2012
ASSISTIVE LISTENING SYSTEMS
PERSONAL (WIRED)
Provides amplification at close range.
Pros:
o Inexpensive
o Private; only people in room or using wired receiver can hear
Cons:
o Speaker and Listener must be close proximity
o Speaker and listener are connected to equipment
Microphone
Headset jack
The Ins and Outs of Assistive Technology and Communication Access Options
Revision Date: 9/18/2012
Page 9 of 29 Printed date: 9/25/2012
ASSISTIVE LISTENING SYSTEMS
HEADSET OPTIONS
Most receivers can be used with several headset options
Ear buds
o Good for single user only
o Un-hygienic for multiple users
Headsets
o Good for use without a hearing aid
o Good for use with smaller ITE, ITC hearing aids
Neck loop
o Must be used with hearing aid with T-coil/ T-Switch
Silhouettes
o Must be used with hearing aid with T-coil/ T-switch
o Provides a stronger signal than a neck loop
Direct Input
o Depending on hearing aid – ‘boot’ to directly wire receiver to hearing
aid
The Ins and Outs of Assistive Technology and Communication Access Options
Revision Date: 9/18/2012
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ASSISTIVE LISTENING SYSTEMS
RECEIVERS
Each type of system has its own kind of receiver. That receiver is compatible with
whichever kind of signal is being used (loop, FM, or infrared).
Receivers for one kind of system will not work with another system. In addition,
FM receivers must be on the same channel as the FM transmitter (Some FM
receivers are factory set to one specific channel, others are capable of switching
between multiple channels).
The Ins and Outs of Assistive Technology and Communication Access Options
Revision Date: 9/18/2012
Page 11 of 29 Printed date: 9/25/2012
ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS
GENERAL SETUP
Most common assistive technology options for the Deaf, Hard of Hearing, and
late-Deafened include:
Door Bell
Fire Alarm
CO Detector
Baby Cry
Alarm Clock
Instead of auditory/sound, a light or strobe is used.
Three basic types of systems.
1. Simple stand alone system is one piece of equipment receives a signal and
flashes a light in same location. Example – a phone light connected to the
telephone line next to the phone.
2. Transmitter receives a signal and transmits to one receiver. Example – a
baby cry transmitter in a baby’s room, sending a signal to receiver in the
parents’ room which then flashes a light.
3. Transmitter receives a signal and transmits to multiple receivers. Example –
a doorbell transmitter, sending a signal to receivers in several rooms to flash
when the doorbell is pressed.
Most all systems are now wireless.
The Ins and Outs of Assistive Technology and Communication Access Options
Revision Date: 9/18/2012
Page 12 of 29 Printed date: 9/25/2012
ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS
DOORBELL
Multiple setup options depending on current doorbell system
No doorbell
Current wireless doorbell
Current wired doorbell with chime
Intercom system
Intercom system using existing phone line
All doorbell systems have a signaler
Wired doorbell button
Wireless compatible doorbell button
Intercom
Signaler must work with receiver (or receiver/transmitter)
Sit next to chime
Directly wire into chime
Receive signal from intercom field
Receive signal directly from wired doorbell
Receive signal from compatible wireless doorbell
If initial receiver is also a transmitter, multiple receivers can be used throughout
the residence.
Wireless
transmitter Alertmaster – master Alertmaster – remote
receiver
The Ins and Outs of Assistive Technology and Communication Access Options
Revision Date: 9/18/2012
Page 13 of 29 Printed date: 9/25/2012
ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS
FIRE ALARM
Two basic types
1. Interconnected to building alarm system
a. Will alert whenever the building alarm system goes off,
regardless of where the fire is located.
b. Most safe
c. Requires electrician to install
d. Typically not found in private residences
2. Stand alone unit
a. Will alert only when individual unit goes off.
b. Will not alert if smoke does not reach unit.
c. Does not require electrician to install
d. Typically found in private residences
e. Battery backup power is only for sound
Portable stand-alone
Fire Alarm
The Ins and Outs of Assistive Technology and Communication Access Options
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ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS
CO DETECTOR
Law in Massachusetts requires CO Detectors in private residences and
apartments.
Few options are available
Expensive
The Ins and Outs of Assistive Technology and Communication Access Options
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Page 15 of 29 Printed date: 9/25/2012
ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS
BABY CRY
Alerts a parent/caregiver when a child is crying
Usually placed in a baby or child’s bed room
Can also be activated by loud noise
Used with one or more remote receivers placed outside child’s bedroom
The Ins and Outs of Assistive Technology and Communication Access Options
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Page 16 of 29 Printed date: 9/25/2012
ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS
ALARM CLOCK
Many styles and options available
o Loud sound
o Flashing an attached lamp
o Bed shaker (placed under pillow or mattress)
o One or more of above
Typically not used with remote receivers
Smaller battery powered models available for travel
Alertmaster – Alarm clock
with bed shaker/ lamp options
Bed shaker
Travel alarm clock – bed shaker
Sonic Boom – Alarm clock
with bed shaker/ lamp options
The Ins and Outs of Assistive Technology and Communication Access Options
Revision Date: 9/18/2012
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ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS
CLOSED CAPTIONING
All Televisions built after 1993 and 13” or greater include a closed caption
decoder. Captions are turned on either from the remote control or via the television
menu.
HDTV’s with HD cable box control caption via cable box.
The Ins and Outs of Assistive Technology and Communication Access Options
Revision Date: 9/18/2012
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TELEPHONE OPTIONS
MASSACHUSETTS EQUIPMENT DISTRIBUTION PROGRAM
(MASSEDP)
This program is administered through Verizon and is open to any resident
of Massachusetts who is Deaf, Hard of Hearing, or Blind, or who has low
vision, a cognitive disability, a speech disability, or a motion disability.
Equipment is either free or at a reduced cost, depending on the
individual’s income
o Equipment repair through normal wear is free
Must have use of a residential landline telephone
Short application is completed and mailed to (depending on primary
disability):
o Massachusetts Commission for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing
o Massachusetts Commission for the Blind
o Massachusetts Rehabilitation Commission
TTY Machine
Amplified Telephone
Telephone ring signaler
The Ins and Outs of Assistive Technology and Communication Access Options
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TELEPHONE OPTIONS
AMPLIFIED TELEPHONES AND PORTABLE AMPLIFIERS
Many styles of amplified telephones are available. A person looking for an
amplified telephone should test his or her options to find the one that best
matches the individual’s hearing loss.
Portable amplifiers fit either on a
regular handset or attach to the
telephone; different models are
available.
The Ins and Outs of Assistive Technology and Communication Access Options
Revision Date: 9/18/2012
Page 20 of 29 Printed date: 9/25/2012
TELEPHONE OPTIONS
TTY & TTY - VCO
TTY (text telephone) & TDD (telephone device for the deaf). Preferred
terminology is TTY. Used for two way text communication over the telephone
line.
Incoming call voice or TTY?
A hearing person answering a shared line (voice and tty), hearing nothing or a
series of beeps, places the phone on the TTY coupler (on non-direct connect TTYs)
or turns on the TTY (on direct connect TTYs) and answers the call on TTY, with
name of agency and short greeting.
Terminology - Many common words are abbreviated.
GA means “go ahead” and is used to signal the other party to type/respond
SK stands for “stop keying” and is used to signal the end of a call
“SKSK” is typed at the very end of the conversation to signal hanging up
When typing on a TTY do not worry about spelling errors or bad typing. Continue
typing without backtracking (visually distracting). If you must make a correction
type “xxx” without backtracking and continue.
Sometimes there will be garble on the line, press space bar to clear. You might
need to tell other party ‘garble please repeat’.
Private conversations – be aware of who is around you as a TTY can be seen by
more than the person typing.
VCO (voice carry over) is used with Massachusetts Relay Service. The TTY user
speaks for him/herself and reads the response of the other party. Requires both a
TTY and regular telephone or a combination VCO-TTY. Captel is a type of VCO
using voice recognition software, not under MassRelay and only limited
availability in Massachusetts.
The Ins and Outs of Assistive Technology and Communication Access Options
Revision Date: 9/18/2012
Page 21 of 29 Printed date: 9/25/2012
TELEPHONE OPTIONS
MASSACHUSETTS RELAY SERVICE (711)
Available in all states
TTY and voice users call 711 to connect to Mass Relay
Standards and rules set by FCC and State
No cost for Relay operators, standard phone charges apply
TTY user or voice user initiates the call
Connects to Mass Relay via 711
Gives the Relay operator the number of the other party calling
Relay Operator places the call
Relay Operator explains relay call (optional)
Relay Operator relays message from both TTY user and voice user
o Word for word.
Requires:
o Telephone line
TTY (one party must have TTY)
The Ins and Outs of Assistive Technology and Communication Access Options
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Page 22 of 29 Printed date: 9/25/2012
TELEPHONE OPTIONS
VIDEO PHONE (VP) AND VRS
Video phone - allows two way conversations in sign language. No cost
beyond internet connection, no phone charges.
Requires
o High-speed internet access
o Television or monitor
o Video phone
VRS (Video Relay Service)
ASL – spoken English interpretation
Many different companies provide services
Provide ASL interpreter to interpret telephone conversation between a
VP user and a hearing/non-VP user
Some provide ASL – spoken Spanish translation
VCO (voice carry over) is an option
Video Phone and TV
The Ins and Outs of Assistive Technology and Communication Access Options
Revision Date: 9/18/2012
Page 23 of 29 Printed date: 9/25/2012
TELEPHONE OPTIONS
IP-RELAY
Internet text based relay
Many different providers
Functionally similar to Massachusetts relay except uses internet connection
rather than a TTY and phone line.
No cost beyond internet connection, no phone charges
Requires:
o Internet connection
The Ins and Outs of Assistive Technology and Communication Access Options
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TELEPHONE OPTIONS
TEXT BASED, VOICE RECOGNITION
Using two telephone lines OR one telephone line and high speed internet
connection
Two main providers – CAPTIONCALL and CAPTEL
Functionally similar to Massachusetts relay except voice recognition rather
than relay operator. .
Phone changes apply same as calling direct to called party
Requires:
o Internet connection or two phone lines
The Ins and Outs of Assistive Technology and Communication Access Options
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FUNDING FOR EQUIPMENT (THIS IS NOT AN INCLUSIVE LIST)
MassHealth has coverage for hearing aids
ADA and state law cover rental housing (depending on the number of units), to
have reasonable accommodations paid for by the landlord (depending on the
number of units).
Some local fire departments distribute fire alarms within their town.
MRC can provide some equipment for their consumers.
Title VII, Part B: A federally funded program administered by the
Massachusetts Rehabilitation Commission and distributed by
Independent Living Centers. This program can provide funding for low income
applicants for assistive technology. This program can also provide funding to
assist with the purchase of hearing aids.
Massachusetts Commission for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing (MCDHH)
The Ins and Outs of Assistive Technology and Communication Access Options
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COMMUNICATION ACCESS SERVICES
SIGN LANGUAGE INTERPETERS AND INTERPRETER BASICS
An American Sign Language interpreter is a not a “signer”. An interpreter must
satisfy several requirements. They are bilingual and have bicultural proficiency
and the ability to mediate the meanings of the languages and cultures.
Interpreting is the cultural and linguistic transmission of a message from ASL to
Spoken English, or vice versa. For effective communication, the interpreter will
convey the hearing person’s words and attitudes, and vice versa for a Deaf/HOH
consumer. For example, when interpreting for a Deaf/HOH person using very
strong facial expressions, body shifting and space to tell a short ASL context story,
an ASL interpreter will include translation to express the signer’s body language
and facial expressions.
Transliterating is the transmission of a message from Spoken English to a visual,
manually coded version of English. For example, a Deaf/HOH person is applying
for a home loan. He/she asks the interpreter to transliterate. When a banker uses
banking terminologies, the interpreter signs word for word what is spoken. This is
also an effective communication method.
Deaf interpreters are “relay” interpreters who work with hearing interpreters at
times if needed. For example, a Deaf/HOH consumer who is not familiar with
ASL or uses a foreign sign language or communicates with visual gestures can use
a Deaf interpreter to interpret or clarify ASL. Again, this is an effective
communication. Deaf interpreters can be used in court proceedings, psychiatric
evaluations, and medical settings, among others. In addition, Deaf interpreters can
interpret for DeafBlind consumers.
All of above, it is DEAF, Inc‘s primary goal to meet and satisfy the
communication needs of our Deaf, DeafBlind, Hearing of Hard and Late Deafened
consumers. The bottom line is making effective communication between the
Hearing, Deaf, DeafBlind and Hard of Hearing.
A few things to remember:
The Ins and Outs of Assistive Technology and Communication Access Options
Revision Date: 9/18/2012
Page 27 of 29 Printed date: 9/25/2012
When using an interpreter, provide the interpreter with any handouts,
agendas, names, or other background information prior to the start of the
interpreting assignment.
Usually the interpreter will stand or sit next to the speaker and across from
the Deaf consumer(s).
The interpreter is not involved in the meeting or assignment and is there
solely to provide communication access.
Talk directly to the Deaf consumers; do not say ‘Tell her/him’.
The interpreter is bound by a ‘Code of Ethics’ requiring confidentiality of all
interpreted situations.
Avoid placing the interpreter in front of a window or light source; this will
make it difficult for Deaf consumers to see the interpreter.
The Ins and Outs of Assistive Technology and Communication Access Options
Revision Date: 9/18/2012
Page 28 of 29 Printed date: 9/25/2012
COMMUNICATION ACCESS SERVICES
CART AND CART BASICS
Communication Access Realtime Translation (CART) uses a trained court reporter
using a stenotype machine which is connected to a laptop computer. It has special
software that understands the stenotype shorthand and converts it ‘real time’ into
English. It can be shown on a computer monitor or projected into a large wall
screen.
Deaf, DeafBlind, Hard of Hearing or Late Deafened consumers, who are fluent in
English may choose to use CART services in some or all situations.
CART Providers convert spoken English into printed English. They do not
“interpret” from one language to another language.
CART Services can be provided anywhere and in any situation. They can be used
in group meetings, workshops, public hearings, board meetings, doctors’ offices,
college classrooms, or other situations that can be beneficial for CART users.
Such services are another way for the Deaf, DeafBlind and Hard of Hearing to
have effective communication.
The CART provider is usually not familiar with ASL, but is able to converse using
the laptop computer when not rendering services. The CART provider will require
access to an electrical outlet. Please check the CART Services references for a
variety of equipment that can meet their communication needs.
A few things to remember:
When using a CART provider, provide any handouts, agendas, names, or
other background information prior to the start of the assignment.
Usually the CART provider will sit next to the Deaf consumer(s).
The CART provider is not involved in the meeting or assignment and is
there solely to provide communication access.
Talk directly to the Deaf consumers; do not say ‘Tell her/him’.
The CART provider is bound by confidentiality of all assignments. No
transcripts will be available unless requested in advance.
The Ins and Outs of Assistive Technology and Communication Access Options
Revision Date: 9/18/2012
Page 29 of 29 Printed date: 9/25/2012
COMMUNICATION ACCESS SERVICES
INTERPRETER/CART REQUEST
In general – the party responsible for paying for interpreting/CART services must
make the request to MCDHH.
A request is made to MCDHH by phone, fax or internet
The legally responsible party makes the request for interpreter and receives an
ID number.
A request is sent out to interpreters who match the communication needs and
profile of the consumer involved and the situation (ie medical, legal, general,
platform, etc).
An interpreter confirms availability with MCDHH.
MCDHH notifies the legally responsible party that the request is filled.
If the request is not filled, MCDHH will notify the legally responsible party
within 2 days of the event (unless otherwise agreed).
Information required:
Date(s)
Beginning and ending times
Location of assignment including address and floor number
Phone number for site
Name of contact person
Phone number for contact person
Description of assignment
Names of Deaf, Hard of Hearing, or DeafBlind individuals involved
Communication preferences of those involved
Specific interpreters requested
The number of interpreters needed (MCDHH will assist with this part)
Number of people involved
Names of other agencies/providers involved
Billing information for the request
CART – Will monitor, laptop or projector be needed
Any other relevant information
** Any changes need to be made within the cancellation period or the interpreter
will bill for their time. **