DEUS 21 - UN ESCAP 1.6... · DEUS 21 Decentralized Urban Infrastructure System for water provision...
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© Fraunhofer IGB DEUS 21 Decentralized Urban Infrastructure System for water provision and sewerage Integrated Resource Management in Asian cities: the urban Nexus, Bangkok, June 25th 2013 Dr.-Ing. Ursula Schließmann
Transcript of DEUS 21 - UN ESCAP 1.6... · DEUS 21 Decentralized Urban Infrastructure System for water provision...
© Fraunhofer IGB
DEUS 21 Decentralized Urban Infrastructure System for water provision and sewerage
Integrated Resource Management in Asian cities: the urban Nexus, Bangkok, June 25th 2013
Dr.-Ing. Ursula Schließmann
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Centralized systems: high investment, not flexible
Semi-decentralized units: 1,000 – 50,000 inhabitants, depending on structure of settlement
Short distances, less investment in sewers
Recycling of water, energy, nutrients
Semi-decentralized water management
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References / examples from Germany
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Demonstration site Heidelberg-Neurott
60 inhabitants + 30 population equivalents (inn, farming)
Average 6.6 m3/d; max. 9.9 m3/d
Pressure sewer system with 7 pumping stations
Only domestic wastewater collected and treated, rainwater drained separately
Aerobic Membrane Bioreactor installed in the former equipment house of the local fire brigade
Started operation in 2005
KA
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Parameters in 2006
• Effluent complies with EU bathing water quality
• Nitrogen loads in influent 30% higher than expected
Parameter
mg/l
Average influent Requirement
Average effluent
COD 1074 75 36
NH4-N 109 10 0.2
NO3-N 9.2
TN 131 18 11.3
PO4-P 17 8.31
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DEUS 21 in Knittlingen
Demonstration project in development area: 105 plots
Funded by German Ministry of Education and Research, Fraunhofer Society
Innovations:
Utilization of rainwater
Vacuum sewer system
Wastewater treatment: anaerobic membrane bioreactor
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Water management in Knittlingen
River
Vorführender
Präsentationsnotizen
Water generation from collected rain; wastewater reuse Reuse adapted cleaning technology (industry/hospitals) Adaptable technical solutions (demographic changes) and thus: Economized use of water resources Energy recycling Quality increase Reduced infrastructure costs Reduced CO2 emissions
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Utilization of rainwater
Collection of rainwater from roofs and roads
Storage in 3 cisterns (300 m3)
Treatment by ultrafiltration, activated carbon, ozone
Purification up to drinking water quality possible, but relatively complex – reasonable if no sources for water of better quality available
Utilization for irrigation after simple treatment possible
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Vacuum sewer system
Inhabitants are connected to vacuum system via a collection chamber
Central station creates vacuum of 0,5 - 0,7 bar
Option: Vacuum toilets inside houses for less water consumption
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Wastewater treatment in Knittlingen
Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor, operated since 2006
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Anaerobic wastewater treatment
Microorganisms grow in absence of oxygen
Organic load is transformed into biogas (contains energy)
No need for aeration (energy intensive)
Low growth rate: little sludge for disposal
No heating necessary (different from sludge digestion)
Microorganisms have to be kept in system
High concentration of nutrients in discharge
Nitrogen and phosphorous have to be removed prior to discharge in water bodies – possibility of utilization: recovery out of effluent or reuse of water
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Energy and mass balance per capita and year
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Reuse of treated wastewater
Effluent from anaerobic treatment contains nutrients, usable for irrigation and fertilisation (agriculture, horticulture, parks)
Membrane for sludge retention: effluent hygienic
Salinisation of soil through irrigation has to be prevented
Groundwater protection necessary
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Concept for Böblingen-Dagersheim
Around 25 existing houses, 80 development sites
First pilot, later possibly extension to settlement with up to 6,000 inhabitants
In Baden-Württemberg: 72,000 km public sewers, 150,000 km private connections
Private connections frequently not tight, laws for inspection of private connections are prepared (high costs for plot owners)
Idea: use this necessity to switch to separated sewer system
Collect wastewater via vacuum sewer, rainwater via old gravity system
Utilize energy in wastewater to heat public buildings
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High-load digestion in the practical implementation
High-load digestion in Heidelberg, 250,000 PE.
High-load digestion with microfiltration AZV Schozachtal, 35,000 PE.
High-load digestion with microfiltration for a sewage plant with 10,000 PE in Wutöschingen.
PE = population equivalents
2009 2001
Vorführender
Präsentationsnotizen
PE = population equivalents The high-load digestion process developed at Fraunhofer IGB makes sewage sludge digestion a process that can, as a result of the efficient conversion of the sewage sludge contents into biogas, contribute substantially to the cost-effectiveness and energy efficiency of sewage treatment plants. The outcome: The high-load digestion converts the sludge into biogas in a considerably smaller space and more cost-effectively than the conventional digestion towers. Fundamental advantages of high-load digestion: shorter retention time; smaller digestion space; enhanced degradation rate; higher biogas yield; no operational problems (foaming); easier to dewater; lower operational and disposal costs The improvement of operational conditions and the scale-up from laboratory and pilot plant up to technical scale has been the subject of longstanding and intensive R&D at Fraunhofer IGB. As a result the two-stage Schwarting-Uhde process (high-load digestion) was patented by Fraunhofer IGB and Schwarting (now Schwarting Biosystem GmbH) back in 1979. The process, with improved energy efficiency, high degradation rate and increased biogas yield, has been used since 1984 to treat organically degradable substrates (manure, biowaste, sewage sludge). The extension of the high-load digestion by microfiltration with the rotating disk filter, an energy-optimized and lowmaintenance filter with ceramic membranes that was developed at the Fraunhofer IGB, has led to further substantial improvements. As a result of the concentration of the biomass, the retention time of the sludge can be reduced, the conversion and the quantity of biomass produced can be increased. Further advantages are an improved dewatering of the residual sludge, smaller amounts of sludge and thus reduced costs for sludge disposal.
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EtaMax Demonstration Plant
2-stage high-load digestion with microfiltration • biowaste fractions which are low in lignocellulose
are almost completely converted into biogas within the space of only a few days.
waste from the Stuttgart central market • easily fermentable
• low-in-lignocellulose
• low-cost biowaste
power station • biogas is purified by
utilizing a membrane system
• used as fuel for vehicle
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Regenerative energy and nutrients from vegetable waste and microalgae
ETAMAX DEMONSTRATION PLANT
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Determination of availability of organic wastes
Quantity and quality of wet biowastes with small content of lignocellulose
768,000 t/a biowastes have been identified in Germany
Corresponds to 56 % of “market losses“
97 defined single locations of emergence identified (50 t/a – 83,000 t/a)
Single locations of emergence: 488,000 t/a of biowastes (63 %) Single locations of emergence : regional
distribution according to type and quantity
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Types of waste
Organic
Kitchen waste
Waste from gardens/ parks (with/ without lignocellulose)
Market waste
Food waste from restaurants, industry
Paper
Wastewater (partly organic)
Etc.
Anorganic
Glas
Plastic
Metal
Construction waste
Wastewater (e.g. nutrients, dissolved metal ions)
Etc.
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Integrated rainwater management
Rainwater management gains importance in town planning in Europe
Different aspects:
Flood prevention during cloudbursts
Pollution of surface water by dust, car brakes and tires abrasion, etc.
Water courses and green areas in the city for recreational purposes and higher livability
Rainwater as a resource to substitute drinking water partially
Source: http://www.moorga.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/Presentation-L-Leonardsen.pdf
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Transfer to other regions
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Transfer of solutions
Solutions demonstrated in Germany cannot be copied one to one to other regions
Adaption to frame conditions is necessary (climate, culture, regulations, economy etc.)
Fraunhofer IGB has experiences with projects in
Brazil
China
Romania
Namibia
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Projects in Brazil
2004 – 2008: Advanced wastewater treatment and evaluation of biogas production from organic waste as demonstration for viability of biogas use
2009 – 2012: Project with industrial partners with the goal to treat biogas at a WWTP for use as vehicle fuel
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Adaptation of DEUS 21-concept in Guangzhou
80 % of drinking water for Guangzhou originates from surface water
Frequent pollution of drinking water due to wastewater discharge in rivers
Objective: Development of semi-decentralized water management concept for China
Piloting of energy recovery from wastewater and kitchen wastes
Partner: China National Electric Apparatus Research Institute CEI
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Water concept for peri-urban areas
Heat from biogas for warm water
Wastewater treatment
Rainfall Water treatment
Drinking water
Irrigation and fertilisation (urban gardening)
Food and income from horticulture
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Example: Concept for 5,000 inhabitants
Concept:
Based on average values.
Collection and anaerobic treatment of wastewater and biowaste.
Rainwater collection separately; a treatment and utilization has to be evaluated depending on climate and alternative water resources.
Costs depend very much on site specific conditions.
Benefits:
No emission of pathogenic microorganisms nor odors => healthy environment
Irrigation for rice cultivation for more than 1,000 persons
Fertilization (N, P) for rice cultivation for 2,500 to 3,500 persons
Biogas: Electricity supply for wastewater treatment plant covered
Biogas: Water heating for around 700 persons
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Example for 5,000 inhabitants
Heat from biogas for warm water
Wastewater treatment
Rainfall Water treatment
Drinking water
Irrigation and fertilisation (urban gardening)
Food and income from horticulture
219,000 m3 /a
variable
219,000 m3 /a
Reduction possible by utilization of rainwater or greywater
Water for rice for > 1,000 cap, nutrients for rice for ~ 3,000 cap
Warm water for ~ 700 cap
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Operation
Local operator for supervision and maintenance
Treatment process fully automatic, remote control
Many plants can be operated by one specialist
Plants are constructed in modules, modules can be produced in large scale
Potentials for complementing other renewables like solar and wind energy (storage of biogas and organic solids possible)
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Procedure
Identification of suitable location
Identification of local partners
Analysis of site specific characteristics, needs of users, national regulations
Adaptation of concept to local situation
Piloting in area with 1,000 to 5,000 inhabitants
Realization by local utility/ company
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Thank you for your attention!
Dr.-Ing. Ursula Schließmann [email protected] www.fraunhofer.igb.de
Thank you for your attention!
