Deterring birds in blueberries: Three potential...
Transcript of Deterring birds in blueberries: Three potential...
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Deterring birds in blueberries: Three potential techniques
Deanna K. Leigh, WWU Karen M. M. Steensma, TWU
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Outline
• Background and Study Site • Deterrent methods
– Methyl anthranilate & sucrose sprays – Falconry – Hawk Kites
• Methods tested in other crops – American Kestrel nest boxes – Air dancers
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Outline
• Background and Study Site • Deterrent methods
– Methyl anthranilate & sucrose sprays – Falconry – Hawk Kites
• Methods tested in other crops – American Kestrel nest boxes – Air dancers
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Study sites
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Assessing Damage
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Assessing Damage 1. Random selection of sample plants (60/block)
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Assessing Damage 1. Random plant 2. Random branch
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Assessing Damage 1. Random plant 2. Random branch
3. Mark
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Assessing Damage 1. Random plant 2. Random branch
3. Mark
4. Count all blue + green berries
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Assessing Damage 1. Random plant 2. Random branch
3. Mark
4. Count all blue + green berries
5. Recount at harvest to determine loss
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Estimated bird damage to Pacific Northwest crops, 2012
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Blueberries Cherries Grapes Apples
Frui
t Dam
age
(%
of t
otal
cro
p)
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Outline
• Background and Study Site • Deterrent methods
– Methyl anthranilate & sucrose sprays – Falconry – Hawk Kites
• Methods tested in other crops – American Kestrel nest boxes – Air dancers
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Bird Deterrent Sprays
Methyl Anthranilate (M.A.) • Occurs in concord grapes • Avian Control™, Bird Stop™
Sucrose • Table sugar (cane sugar, beet sugar, etc.)
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M.A. & Sucrose
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M.A. & Sucrose
Control M.A. Sucrose
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M.A. & Sucrose
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1
2
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5
6
Control M.A. Sucrose
Frui
t Dam
age
(%) P > 0.99
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M.A. & Sucrose in Michigan
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Outline
• Background and Study Site • Deterrent methods
– Methyl anthranilate & sucrose sprays – Falconry – Hawk Kites
• Methods tested in other crops – American Kestrel nest boxes – Air dancers
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Falconry
• 2012 pilot study suggests that falconry may reduce crop loss
0.92 0.96 0.880.89
0.90.910.920.930.940.950.960.97
Prop
ortio
n of
Cro
p R
emai
ning
Control Falconry Photo: Natalie Jamerson
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Falconry vs. Hawk Kites
• Professional falconers with trained birds of prey
• ~ $20,000/season
• Mimic birds of prey • ~ $100/kite • Pest birds may
habituate
Photos: Kate Steensma
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Falconry vs. Hawk Kites
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Control Falconry Kites Falconry + Kites
Frui
t Dam
age
(%)
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Falconry vs. Hawk Kites
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Control Falconry Kites Falconry + Kites
Frui
t Dam
age
(%)
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Outline
• Background and Study Site • Deterrent methods
– Methyl anthranilate & sucrose sprays – Falconry – Hawk Kites
• Methods tested in other crops – American Kestrel nest boxes – Air dancers
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American Kestrel Nest Boxes
• Kestrels territorial during nesting (Apr-Aug)
• Take readily to nest boxes
• Boxes used often in cherries and sometimes in blueberries
Fledgling kestrels in Lynden
Adult kestrel on nest box in
Tri-Cities
Photos: Kate Steensma
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American Kestrel Nest Boxes
• Pilot study in sweet cherries • Measured crop damage in kestrel-occupied
and unoccupied blocks
≥100 m
Kestrel Control
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American Kestrel Nest Boxes
• Lower damage in kestrel-occupied blocks • Non-significant due to few trials (n=7) • Study to continue in 2014
00.5
11.5
22.5
33.5
Control Kestrel
Frui
t Dam
age
(%)
Kestrel eating a starling in Lynden Photo: Kate Steensma
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Outline
• Background and Study Site • Deterrent methods
– Methyl anthranilate & sucrose sprays – Falconry – Hawk Kites
• Methods tested in other crops – American Kestrel nest boxes – Air dancers
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Air Dancers
• $325 per setup – Electric or generator
• Birds may habituate • Positive pilot studies
in MI and NY
• Testing in 2014
Photo: Kate Steensma
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Deanna Leigh Field Team
Kate Steensma
Cody Rossetti
Liz Matseur
Curt Beyer
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Acknowledgements Universities Colleen Burrows, WSU Clive Kaiser, OSU Catherine Lindell, MSU John McLaughlin, WWU Growers Ash Hollow Winery Bellewood Acres Birchcreek Vineyard Blue Acres Farm Blue Valley Farms Broetje Orchards Cascadian Farm CDS Distributing Country Cousins Curt Maberry Farm Danninger Orchards
Driediger Farm East View Blueberry
Farm Enfield Farms Flat Top Ranch Gill Farm Golden Ridge Vineyard Hedeen Orchards Hence Cellars J4 Ranch L'ecole 41 Lodmell Cellars M&G Farms Maberry Packing Mannina Cellars Perkins Apple Orchard PS Farms PTM Berry Farms, LLC
Roy Farms, Inc S&A Orchards Sakuma Brothers Farms Samson Farms, Inc Sekhon Farm Seven Hills Vineyard Terra Nostra Vineyard Tertulia Cellars W Bradley Carlson Farms Zerba Cellars Alfred Bucheli Pete Dykstra Edward Gefre Don Hofstad Ed Kenoyer Michael Lesky Humberto Ramirez Joel Reed
Erick Sundstrom Dan Whitney Mickey Witherspoon Others Airstrike Bird Control Charlie Anderson Leighton Overson Vincent Clements Natalie Jamerson Janelle Lowen Jesse McKeen-Scott Ben Oldham Veronica Wisniewski