Determining Diet. Spring Autumn Se Co Mo Tanzania Lick 2.3 0.3 2.9 Topsoil 1.7 23 5.1 Peru Lick 0.5...
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Determining Diet
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Transcript of Determining Diet. Spring Autumn Se Co Mo Tanzania Lick 2.3 0.3 2.9 Topsoil 1.7 23 5.1 Peru Lick 0.5...
Determining Diet
Spring Autumn
Se Co MoTanzania Lick 2.3 0.3 2.9 Topsoil 1.7 23 5.1
Peru Lick 0.5 13 0.7 Topsoil 0.2 13 0.7
Mills et al J Zool 2007.
Micronutrients
Natural Salt Licks
CarnivoresDietary Challenge?
HerbivoresDietary Challenge?
Conifer needles
Other plant
berries
0102030405060708090
100
Ja
n
Ma
r
Ma
y
Ju
l
Se
p
No
v
cacti
Beans/seeds
Grass,tubers
Foregut fermentersRuminants
Hindgut fermenters
Cervidae Bovidae
0
2 0
4 0
6 0
8 0
10 0
Spring Summer F all W inter
0
2 0
4 0
6 0
8 0
10 0
Spring Summer F all W inter
0
2 0
4 0
6 0
8 0
10 0
Spring Summer F all W inter
Antilocapra americana Grass
Browse (shrub)
ForbAvailability
Diet
Preference
Measuring nitrogen
In food
In feces
Big
horn
ew
e m
ass
gain
Fecal Nitrogen
Cha
nge
in G
rous
e D
ensi
ty
Nitrogen (% dry matter)
Nitrogen in urine?
Urea:CreatinineRatio
Protein in diet
When is excess urea produced?
02468
101214161820
M 1 inner M 1 terminal M 2 inner
Ca o
xalate C
on
centratio
nPreference
Javelina Example ofDietary Trade offs–
Pro
tein
co
nce
ntr
atio
n
8% proteindiet
16% proteindiet
Assessing Condition
Body condition –Ungulate rumps
Kidney fat
Bone marrow fat
Furcula“wishbone”
fat
Fat deposition can begin during summer in bucks but may be delayed 2 to 3 months in does because of the extreme energy demands placed on does by lactationThe most appropriate application of fat indices is interpreting area differences within the same season and year or yearly differences within the same area and season
KFI = Fat/Kidney X 100
Measuring Stress - Adrenals and Stress Hormones
Free Ranging Captive
Adrenal glands
Fec
al c
ortic
oids
Terio et al. 2004
