Designing Windowing Systems - ir.lib.cyut.edu.tw:8080
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1 Designing Windowing Systems 吳欣潔 教授 朝陽科技大學工業工程與管理系 民國102年6月
Transcript of Designing Windowing Systems - ir.lib.cyut.edu.tw:8080
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Designing Windowing Systems
吳欣潔 教授
朝陽科技大學工業工程與管理系
民國102年6月
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前言 General issues
–程序管理
–記憶體管理
–檔案管理
–作業管理
–設備管理
Basic window components
Common tasks in windowing system
Issues in CSCW windowing systems
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General issues
How to help user move, resize, scroll, transfer
data and manage multiple windows. screen
display disk space and processor time.
display space can be optimized(顯示空間最佳化)
multiple sources on screen at once to carry out a
task
interact with any screen at the same time螢幕互動
input for various different purposes 不同目的輸入
mouse actions are easier for users 滑鼠的利用
shielded from command languages指令語言的後盾
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電腦
– 第一代
– 第二代
– 第三代
– 第四代 (1971~迄今) VLSI
– CRAY,IBM,Digit,WANG,HP,Apple
Supercomputer,Mainframe computer ,Media-
workstation,minicomputer,microcomputer
學習演進
– 1977接觸電腦,FORTRAN ,劃卡處理機,磁帶Complier ,Assembly Langue, Machine
Code ,Program object 需4~7 weeks
– 1994職務調動,PE2 ,AUTOCAD,莎士比亞
– 傳輸網路管理系統:NEC,Lucent,Alcatel,Nortel
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重要紀事
– 1981 IBM與MS相容,組裝電腦流行,PC-DOS MS-DOS
DOS 3.0 Intel 8088 16位元 CPU, Apple 8位元
– 1987 IBM 獨立開發OS/2,軟體少,支援性不加
– 1977 Apple I,麥金塔Macintosh,Mac OS motorola CPU
美國流行,畫面美觀,使用容易,價格貴
– UNIX作業系統:X Windows,SUN,Motif,Solaris…….
– LINUX作業系統:執行效能,系統環境佳NeXT,AT&T
– Mac作業系統: Macintosh, 1997 NeXT
– MS Windows作業系統:1.0,2.0,3.0,3.1,95,97,98,2000,XP
– Intel CPU 8085,8086,8088,80286,80386,80486,80586,
80686,Pentium1,2,3,4
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Microsoft Windows, for IBM PC compatible computers
effectiveness depends on the size, imaging model speed and resolution of the display screen.螢幕效能取決於大小速度解析度
minimize finding,opening,closing,resizing, arranging,organizing,time and generally manipulating windows, as we will now investigate.最小化尋找開啟關閉
customize a series of rooms to suit each kind of task, and arrange the rooms in a collection
定製一系列的空間以適合所有作業,且整理這些空間再加以收集
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Microsoft Windows概況
優點:
– 直覺式,高效能的物件化圖形
– 用戶介面統一,親切,美觀
– 豐富的圖形操作
– 多工化操作
– 豐富的Windows軟體發展工具
– 物件導向程式的設計思想
– 支援新一代硬體功能
– 支援電腦和輔助設備的強大功能
通信巨人AT&T違反托拉斯官司已判決,軟體巨人Microsoft命運未決
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資料出處: Jenny Preece,1994, Human-Computer Interaction, Addison-Wesley
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Software issues
Every windowing system must offer a scheme or language for graphical images .
curves, areas or shapes, are described by mathematical formulae 利用數學公式描述曲線面積及圖形
Mathematical descriptions can be scaled to any size or rotated at arbitrary angles without loss of image quality.數學描述大小或旋轉角度而不影響影像品質
Rendering time will depend on the complexity of the image.描述時間依影像複雜度而定
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Basic window components – Input devices:buttons .touch-sensitive
– output devices:dials, lights and gauges
– both:sliders, control panels, calculators, and mouse-driven 'rubber bands')
One special case of a virtual device is an interface component as a widge
Standard components windowing systems
– Windows
– Menus
– Control and control panel
– Dialogue boxes
– Cursors
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資料出處: Jenny Preece,1994, Human-Computer Interaction, Addison-Wesley
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資料出處: Jenny Preece,1994, Human-Computer Interaction, Addison-Wesley
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資料出處: Jenny Preece,1994, Human-Computer Interaction, Addison-Wesley
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Menus
– implicit
– explicit pop-up menus Explicit pop-up menus are triggered by clicking on appropriate interface components such as icons, menu bars, window controls and so on. Implicit pop
– submenu
Hierarchical pop-up menus
Gestural syntaxes
– press-drag-release
– click-position-click
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資料出處: Jenny Preece,1994, Human-Computer Interaction, Addison-Wesley
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資料出處: Jenny Preece,1994, Human-Computer Interaction, Addison-Wesley
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資料出處: Jenny Preece,1994, Human-Computer Interaction, Addison-Wesley
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Control widgets for moving, resizing
and scrolling – Buttons
– Sliders
– Gauge
– Dials
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資料出處: Jenny Preece,1994, Human-Computer Interaction, Addison-Wesley
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Dialogue boxes :make a related set of choices,type in some
information,choose options that may change depending on
context,acknowledge information before proceeding.
資料出處: Jenny Preece,1994, Human-Computer Interaction, Addison-Wesley
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Changing window focus for overlapping window
資料出處: Jenny Preece,1994, Human-Computer Interaction, Addison-Wesley
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Managing multiple windows
– Iconification
– Tiling
– Overlapping
資料出處: Jenny Preece,1994, Human-Computer Interaction, Addison-Wesley
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Key points
–Limited display space can be optimized
–Multiple on screen at once to carry out a task.
–Input for various different purposes is easily
–Standard windowing easy to learn
–The usefulness by size and resolution
–Can save time and make large collections of windows easier to manage.
–Interface:title bars, windows, menus, dialogue boxes control panels, mouse cursors and fonts.
–Tasks :moving windows, scrolling,resizing and changing window depth.
–Multiple windows :overlapping, tiling,cascading and iconification.
