Designing Real-Time, Reliable and Efficient Cyber-Physical ...€¦ · Designing Real-Time,...

Designing Real-Time, Reliable and Efficient Cyber-PhysicalSystems for Future Smart City

Cyber-Physical Systems: Integration of computationalalgorithms and physical processes

Deployed in various areas, e.g., automobile, healthcare,manufacturing, transportation, energy and etc.Our Focus

1 Wireless Networked Sensing and Control2 Intelligent Transportation Systems3 Electric-Vehicle-Integrated Smart Grid

Qiao Xiang (McGill) Senseable City Lab, MIT 05/07/2015 1/ 20

Wireless Networked Sensing and Control(WNSC)


Deployed in Many Mission-Critical CPS Applications

Wireless Sensor Networks: communication infrastructure ofWNSC

In-Network Processing: reduce data traffic flow in WNSC

Challenges

a) Stringent QoS Requirement; b) Resource-‐constraint; c) Dynamic environment.

To cope with these challenges, we investigate

Joint optimization between In-Network Processing and QoSReal-time packet packing schedulingOptimal network-coding-based routing

Figure source: environment.ucla.edu



Packet Packing and Network Coding

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Packet Packing Scheduling: tPack Network-‐Coding-‐Based Rou:ng: ONCR

NetEye Sensor Testbed@Wayne State University



ONCR: Optimal Network-Coding-Based Routing Protocol

Reliability Delivery Cost

Goodput Rou4ng Diversity


Intelligent Transportation Systems

Intelligent Transportation Systems

A Smarter and Safer Transportation Network

Dedicated Short Range Communication(DSRC):communication infrastructure specified by U.S. DoT

Challenges:

Dynamic Channel Under High Mobility Severe Broadcast Storm

To cope with these challenges, we explore

the correlation between transmission power and data rateduring broadcast

vehicle’s data preference when collecting safety-dataFigure source: www.gm.com


Intelligent Transportation Systems Online Control Approach of Power and Rate (OnCAR)

Online Control Approach of Power and Rate (OnCAR)

Adaptively controls transmission power and datarate of DSRC



VSmart: DSRC-Enabled Smart Vehicle Testbed

iRobot Create as vehicles

Laptops or tablets as in-‐vehicle CPU

USRP B210 boards as DSRC radios

DSRC messages

Movement commands

Radio control, robot control,

measurements …

Radio setting adjustments

Sensor data



OnCAR in VSmart: Adaptive Cruise Control

Leader sends movement command via DSRC Follower repeats the movement

Baseline DSRC: 4/10 commands received OnCAR DSRC: 10/10 commands received


Intelligent Transportation Systems Data Preference: A New Perspective of Safety Data Dissemination

PVCast: A Packet-Value-Based Dissemination Protocol

Vehicles have preferences when collecting safetydata:

Spatial preference: closer over farther;Temporal preference: newer over older;Type preference: emergency over routine.

Quantify these preferences on a per-packet levelPacket Value = Spatial Value×Temporal Value×Type Value.

Packet Value Update

1-‐Hop Dissemina7on U7lity Computa7on

Probabilis7c Broadcast Test

Conten7on Window Size Assignment

A new packet p

Discard packet

Broadcast

Fail

PV(p)=0


Intelligent Transportation Systems Data Preference: A New Perspective of Safety Data Dissemination

PVCast: a Packet-Value-Based Dissemination Protocol

Throughput Delay

Coverage Emergency Throughput


Electric-Vehicle-Integrated Smart Grid

Electric-Vehicle-Integrated Smart Grid

Intersection of Smart Energy and Transportation Systems

Challenges

a) Unpredictable supply and demand; b) Limited informa7on exchange; c) Lack of market mechanism.

To cope with these challenges, we develop

demand-response-based optimal operation strategy forcommercial EV charging stations

online auction framework for EV park-and-chargeFigure source: www.gm.com


Electric-Vehicle-Integrated Smart Grid Green Revenue: Demand-Response-Based Charging Station

Green Revenue: Demand-Response-Based Charging Station

Charging Station

Renewable Energy

Charging Station

Renewable Energy

EV

EV

EV

EV

EV EV

Sta$on 1 15 mile, $3.15

Sta$on 2 5 mile, $5.00

SOC: 60%

. . .

Choose?

Choose?

EV Customer Charging Sta$on Network

Prices

Decisions

Charging stations are not good Samaritans.

They pursue profit.

GreenBroker: an online distributed operation strategyachieving an [O(V ),O(1/V )] tradeoff between customercharging delay and charging station revenue.


Electric-Vehicle-Integrated Smart Grid Green Revenue: Demand-Response-Based Charging Station

Green Revenue: Demand-Response-Based Charging Station

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2000 EVs: Delay 2000 EVs: Revenue


Electric-Vehicle-Integrated Smart Grid Auc2Charge: Online Auction for EV Park-and-Charge

Auc2Charge: Online Auction for EV Park-and-Charge

Electricity Allocation in Park-and-ChargeInefficient allocation

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SOC: 20/40 SOC: 35/40

SOC: 20/25

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Bid 1 2-‐3pm, $0.50, 5kWh Bid 2 3-‐4pm, $2.00, 9kWh

SOC: 60%

. . .

Won

Lose

EV Customer 1

Bid 1 2-‐3pm, $1.50, 6kWh Bid 2 3-‐4pm, $3.00, 8kWh

SOC: 30%

. . .

Won

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. . . .

Bids Bids

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ecision

AllocaKon and

Pay Decision

Existing pricing scheme could jeopardize the allocationefficiency and the social welfareAuc2Charge: An online, truthful, individual rational andefficient mechanism with social-welfare guarantee




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Social Welfare Ra-o: T=12 Social Welfare Ra-o: 100 EVs

User Sa-sfac-on Ra-o Unit Charging Payment


Future of CPS – Smart City

What is the Future of CPS?

Smart City: A System of Many Inter-Connected CPS

Figure source: holyroodconnect.com



Research Opportunities

Exploring larger physical space in CPS design

Joint Scheduling of Genera3on and Deferrable Load in Microgrid

Exploring interaction between different CPS

Connec&ng Intelligent Transporta&on System and Smart Grid through EV

Figure sources: www.civicsolar.com, www.gm.com



Research Opportunities

Efficient Market Mechanism

Single Microgrid Mul.ple Microgrids

Mechanism design for microgrid-‐based electricity market

Data Security and Privacy

Develop unified differen/al privacy solu/on for CPS data management

Figure sources: www.finextra.com, ourenergypolicy.org



About Me

Nankai University

Wayne State University

McGill University

Dad: Architect Mom: Nurse

I am devoted to u=lizing informa=on technology

to improve people’s daily life.


Designing Real-Time, Reliable and Efficient Cyber-Physical ...€¦ · Designing Real-Time,...

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