Designing Knowledge Infrastructures

Designing Knowledge Designing Knowledge InfrastructuresInfrastructures

Organizations and Society in Information Organizations and Society in Information Systems (OASIS) 2004 WorkshopSystems (OASIS) 2004 Workshop

December, 12th, 2004December, 12th, 2004

Ronald MaierRonald Maier Dept. of Management Information Systems, Dept. of Management Information Systems,

Information Systems LeadershipInformation Systems Leadership

Martin-Luther-University Halle-WittenbergMartin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg

M anagem ent In form ation

System s

Inform ation System s

Leadership

Knowle

dge

Man

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Leadersh ip

Business processes

Info

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Sys

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Ronald Maier

Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg

Lehrstuhl für W irtschaftsinform atik,insbesondere betrieb-

liches Inform ations-m anagem ent

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G eschä ftsprozesseIn

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OverviewOverview

• MotivationMotivation

• Enterprise Knowledge Infrastructures (EKI)Enterprise Knowledge Infrastructures (EKI)

• Framework for integrated design of knowledge workFramework for integrated design of knowledge work

• DiscussionDiscussion

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• Multiple terms used vaguelyMultiple terms used vaguely

– knowledge (management) infrastructure, knowledge warehouseknowledge (management) infrastructure, knowledge warehouse

– organizational memory systemorganizational memory system

– KM tools, software, combination of tools applied with KM in mindKM tools, software, combination of tools applied with KM in mind

– KM platforms, suites, systemsKM platforms, suites, systems

• What separates knowledge infrastructures from more traditional IS?What separates knowledge infrastructures from more traditional IS?

– Intranet infrastructures,Intranet infrastructures,

– document and content management systems,document and content management systems,

– artificial intelligence tools,artificial intelligence tools,

– business intelligence tools,business intelligence tools,

– Groupware or collaboration tools,Groupware or collaboration tools,

– e-learning systems,e-learning systems,

• What can we learn from this for modeling knowledge work?What can we learn from this for modeling knowledge work?

Knowledge InfrastructuresKnowledge Infrastructures

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specifics ofknowledge

advancedknowledge services

KMinstruments

comprehensiveplatform

acquistion processes deployment processes

goals

capture,organize

store,package

search,retrieval

transfer,(re-)use

revision,feedback

participants,communities

Definition of Knowledge InfrastructureDefinition of Knowledge Infrastructure

• a comprehensive ICT platform • for collaboration and knowledge

sharing• with advanced knowledge

services built on top that are– contextualized,– integrated on the basis of a

shared ontology and– personalized– for participants networked in

communities.

• foster the implementation of KM instruments

• in support of knowledge processes

• targeted at increasing organizational effectiveness.

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Knowledge work…Knowledge work…

• solves solves weakly structured problemsweakly structured problems with a high degree of with a high degree of varietyvariety and and exceptionsexceptions,,

• is is creative workcreative work and requires creation, acquisition, application and distribution of and requires creation, acquisition, application and distribution of knowledgeknowledge,,

• uses uses intellectual abilitiesintellectual abilities and and specialized knowledgespecialized knowledge rather than physical rather than physical abilities,abilities,

• requires a high level of requires a high level of educationeducation, , trainingtraining and and experiencesexperiences resulting in resulting in skillsskills and and expertiseexpertise,,

• is often is often organized decentrallyorganized decentrally using new organizational metaphors, using new organizational metaphors,

• bases inputs and outputs primarily on bases inputs and outputs primarily on datadata and and informationinformation,,

• has strong has strong communicationcommunication needs and is highly needs and is highly mobilemobile and and distributeddistributed,,

• and thus requires a strong yet flexible support by and thus requires a strong yet flexible support by information and information and communication technologiescommunication technologies..

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Architecture of Knowledge InfrastructureArchitecture of Knowledge Infrastructure

Intranet/Extranet:messages, contents

of CMS,E-lear-ning platforms

data fromRDBMS,

TPS, data warehouses

content fromInternet,

WWW,newsgroups

DMS documents,files from office

informationsystems

data fromexternal online

data bases

VI – data and knowledge sources

personalinformation

manage-ment data

V – infrastructure servicesIntranet infrastructure services (e.g., storage, access, messaging,

security services); extract, transformation, loading, inspection services …

IV – integration servicessemantic integration based on ontologies; user, function, process

integration

III – knowledge services

publicationstructuring,contextualization

discoverysearch, visuali-zation, navigation

collaborationcompetence mgmt.,community spaces

learningauthoring, coursemgmt., tutoring

II – personalization servicesidentity management; person-, process-, project- or role-oriented

knowledge portals

knowledge worker

I – access servicesauthentication; transformation for diverse applications and

appliances



KMinstruments



goals

capture,organize

store,package

search,retrieval

transfer,(re-)use

revision,feedback


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KM InstrumentKM Instrument

Definition Definition ICT-supported KM instrument:ICT-supported KM instrument:

• consist of an aligned collection of organizational, HRM and ICT measuresconsist of an aligned collection of organizational, HRM and ICT measures

• that can be deployed purposefully in order to achieve knowledge-related goals,that can be deployed purposefully in order to achieve knowledge-related goals,

• independent of a particular knowledge domain.independent of a particular knowledge domain.

person(knowledge bound

to individuals)

product(knowledgeas object)

organization(knowledge in social systems)

competencemanagement

communities/knowledgenetworks

lessons learned

good/bestpractices

semantic contentmanagement

knowledgedevelopment/application

maps

knowledge

process

reengineering

personalexperience

management

knowledgestructuremapknowledge

source map



KMinstruments



goals

capture,organize

store,package

search,retrieval

transfer,(re-)use

revision,feedback


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Knowledge ProcessesKnowledge Processes

lessonslearned

good/bestpractices

redesignedbusinessprocesses

personalexperience

management

level of commitment & legitimation

Ind ividua lknowled ge

K nowledgeinuse

A pp lica tio n

Sha ring In ter- sub jectiveknowled ge

Institu tio na liza tio n

Institutiona lizedknowled ge

Feed -ba ck

Acq

u isi

tion

Ind ivid ua llea rning

Rep a ckag ing

Rep ro du ctio n

Selling

Interna lco m m unica tio n

K nowledge sources

K nowledgeproducts &services

3O rg an iza tio n a l learning cycle

O rg.Lea rning

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Designing EKI – Modeling for Knowledge WorkDesigning EKI – Modeling for Knowledge Work

targ

et g

roup

,

netw

ork/

com

mun

ity type of

knowledge

KM instrument

KPR

subj

ect

cont

ext

theme

context

KM strategy,competencies

motive,outcome

occa

sion,

mod

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person product

process

communication

organizationalstructure

skill/ interest structuretaxonomyontology

meta-datascope

goal,input,output

role

responsib

ility kno“flow” ofwledge

resource

expert

event,condition,action

productivity infrastructure

function/interaction

architecture/structure

profileoccu

rrence

content/

structu

re

personalization

naviga

tion

stru

ctur

eto

olsu

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ResearchResearch QuestionsQuestions

• How do we model knowledge work?How do we model knowledge work?

– knowledge as product vs. process vs. knowledgeable peopleknowledge as product vs. process vs. knowledgeable people

– completeness vs. understandabilitycompleteness vs. understandability

– concepts for analysis versus design of knowledge workconcepts for analysis versus design of knowledge work

– person, product, process, productivity toolsperson, product, process, productivity tools

• How do we support it with knowledge infrastructures?How do we support it with knowledge infrastructures?

– task, knowledge, community, learning spacestask, knowledge, community, learning spaces

– seamless integration of personal and organizational KM environmentseamless integration of personal and organizational KM environment

– inter-organizational knowledge infrastructures - standardizationinter-organizational knowledge infrastructures - standardization

• How do we measure success?How do we measure success?

– productivity of knowledge workproductivity of knowledge work

– success of knowledge infrastructuressuccess of knowledge infrastructures

Designing Knowledge Infrastructures

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