Designing for the Internet of Things : models and principles for augmented products
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models and principles for the design of augmented products Pierrick Thébault Designing for the Internet of Things: LABORATOIRE ARTS ET METIERS PARISTECH D’ANGERS (LAMPA) - EQUIPE PRESENCE & INNOVATION & ALCATEL-LUCENT – BELL LABS FRANCE May 31th, 2013
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The Internet of Things, whose underlying vision and technologies aim at bridging the physical and digital worlds together, lead to the creation of new types of applications coupling Web services with everyday products. Such product-oriented applications, which enable the functional exposition, control or enhancement of artifacts that embed information processing capabilities, question the established design principles and conventions. They open up the possibility for Internet-enabled products, whose functions can be "augmented" and adapted to better support users' changing needs, to be designed. This research, which is at the intersection of Design Science, Ubiquitous Computing and Human-Computer Interactions, aims at studying the impact brought about by applications on product design. It highlights the need to build an application model that facilitates their representation by users, and to explore the pragmatic issues rose by their integration into products. It leads to the definition and evaluation, through practice, of principles for the design of augmented products' form and interactions. It describes the ductility of future products, the novel coupling between functions, behavior and structure they implement and their potential evolutions. This work contributes to the Internet of Things research by reframing the discussion and by providing researchers and practitioners with tools that can be leveraged during the design process.
Transcript of Designing for the Internet of Things : models and principles for augmented products
models and principles for the !design of augmented products
Pierrick Thébault!
Designing for the!Internet of Things:!
LABORATOIRE ARTS ET METIERS PARISTECH D’ANGERS (LAMPA) - EQUIPE PRESENCE & INNOVATION & ALCATEL-LUCENT – BELL LABS FRANCE
May 31th, 2013!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 2
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013
Extending the Web to products
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PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013
Extending the Web to products
3
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 4
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013
Extending the Web to products
4
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 5
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013
Extending the Web to products
5
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 6
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013
Extending the Web to products
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PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 7
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013
Extending the Web to products
7
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 8
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
Towards product-oriented applications
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Web service!
Web service! Web service!
Product!
Product!
Product!
digital world!
physical world!
Video available on h"p://vimeo.com/67927424
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 9
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
The collaboration of many stakeholders
MANUFA -CTURER!
TELECOM!PROVIDER!
END-USER!
SERVICE!PROVIDER! WEB SERVICES! PRODUCTS!
INFRASTRUCTURE!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 10
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013
What is the impact of applications on the design of products?
10
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 11
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
A design research…
Mackay et al., 1997!
The artefact as a gateway between!practice and theory!
Design researchers continually !reframe the problem as they attempt to make the right !thing.!
Zimmerman, 2007!”!“!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 12
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
… through practice
A mix of qualitative and interpretative ! methods situated in action.!
Findeli, 2004!
§ Ethno-methodology!§ Participatory design methods!§ Prototyping!§ Usability testing!
§ Through design!Frayling, 1993!
§ Design praxiology! and phenomenology Cross, 1999!
§ Through projects!Findeli, 2004!
§ Pragmatic and empirical Koskinen, 2011!
!
”!“!
Fallman, 2008!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 13
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
A research at the intersection of three disciplines
§ Network infrastructures!§ Embedded systems!§ Applications!
§ User interfaces!§ Interaction techniques!§ Design principles!
§ Components and materials!§ Manufacturing techniques!§ Design processes!
UBICOMP!
HCI!DESIGN!SCIENCE!
Ubiquitous Computing!
Human-computer interactions!
Design science & engineering!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 14
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
The Internet of Things at Bell Labs
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Network infrastructures!Y. Gasté’s team!
Application models!M. Boussard’s team!Virtual objects
Connected Real-World
Objects Virtual Objects Framework
Eventing
HTTP APIs
Access Control
Provisioning
Environment-aware Applications
User Interaction Patterns
End-user programming!L. Trappeniers’ team!
User experience!
design!F. Pain’s team!
Social networks of things!J. Daigremont’s team!
Partenaires!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 15
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
Products Applications
Research question #1!
1) Perception of interconnections!
2) Perception of mechanisms!
3) Perception of applications!
Experiments!
Descriptive model!
State of the art!
Research question #2!
1) Product design!
Operationalization!
Design principles!
2) Experiments!
3) Revised principles!
State of the art!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 16
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
Applications
Problématique 1 & hypothèse 1!
1) Perception of interconnections!
2) Perception of mechanisms!
3) Perception of applications!
Experiments!
Descriptive model!
State of the art!
Research question #1!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 17
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
Can we create a model that describes their inner working?!
Hypothesis:! Designers need to work with end-users!to create a shared definition of applications!
How to make sure our definition is accepted by end-users?!
Research question #1
How to define !product-oriented applications?!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 18
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
Applications
Research question #1!
State of the art!
1) Perception of interconnections!
2) Perception of mechanisms!
3) Perception of applications!
Experiments!
Descriptive model!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 19
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
Applications
State of the art!
1) Perception of interconnections!
2) Perception of mechanisms!
3) Perception of applications!
Experiments!
Descriptive model!
Research question #1!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 20
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 20
« ambient »!
Embodied applications
Want et al., !2001!
Chevrest et al., !2000!
Ullmer et al., 1998!Kidd et al., !1999!
Brock et al. 2001! Mann, 2001!
« ubiquitous »!
« context!aware »! « machine to
machine »!
« tangibles »!
« wearable »!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 21
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
Applications to access applications…
Cooltown!Kindberg et al., 2002!
Speakeasy!Newman et al., 2002!
BIT!Roduner et a., 2010!
Mashup Editor!Guinard et al., 2009!
Object browser!Boussard et al., 2010!
Sentient Visor!Roduner et a., 2011!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 22
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
Atzori et al., 2010!
A software layer
Kawsar, 2009!
Flow chart
A graph
Lieberman, 2001!
A very broad concept
Applications!
Service!composition!
Service!orchestration!
Product!abstraction!
Product!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 23
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
Applications
State of the art!
1) Perception of interconnections!
2) Perception of mechanisms!
3) Perception of applications!
Experiments!
Descriptive model!
Research question #1!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 24
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
Applications
Experiments!
State of the art!
How do users perceive applications?!
Research question #1!
1) Perception of interconnections!
2) Perception of mechanisms!
3) Perception of applications!
Descriptive model!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 25
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
Applications
State of the art!
Research question #1!
1) Perception of interconnections!
2) Perception of mechanisms!
3) Perception of applications!
Descriptive model!
Experiments!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 26
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
Applications
1) Perception of interconnections!
Perception of interconnections between product and services!
Product!
Service!
Product!
Service! Product!Service!
Product! Product! Product!
State of the art!
Research question #1!
2) Perception of mechanisms!
3) Perception of applications!
Descriptive model!
Experiments!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 27
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
Generating ideas
Video available on h"p://vimeo.com/67925676
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PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
22 - 27 years old (m=23,64; σ=1,63) Graduate students in design
11! répartis en!2!groupes! min!45!
User panel and procedure
min!15!+!(evaluation)!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 29
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
A lamp that displays the air quality.!
An alarm clock that automatically change its settings based on your habits.!
A wireless USB flash drive.!
A mailbox that warns users when they got mail.!
The light and temperature of the house are programmed.! A mailbox that
displays the status of an online order. !
A lamp that warns you when someone is at the front door.!
An alarm clock that triggers other products of the house. !
A barbecue that send invitations on social networks.!
A camera that publishes pictures on the Web and share them with friends!
Automatic kitchen appliances.!
Products that exchange information.! A vacuum cleaner
that delete e-mails.!
A mobile application to navigate through the cities!
Examples of users’ ideas
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PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
A lamp that displays the air quality.!
An alarm clock that automatically change its settings based on your habits.!
A wireless USB flash drive.!
A mailbox that warns users when they got mail.!
The light and temperature of the house are programmed.! A mailbox that
displays the status of an online order. !
A lamp that warns you when someone is at the front door.!
An alarm clock that triggers other products of the house. !
A barbecue that send invitations on social networks.!
A camera that publishes pictures on the Web and share them with friends!
Automatic kitchen appliances.!
Products that exchange information.! A vacuum cleaner
that delete e-mails.!
A mobile application to navigate through the cities!
Examples of users’ ideas
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 31
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
3,64!ressources!/ application!
2,47!products!
1,17!service!
61,84%!selected!
76!ideas!
Results
Composition of applications
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PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
3,64!ressources!/ application!
2,47!products!
1,17!service!
61,84%!selected!
76!ideas!
31,9% only use!products
72,34% are embodied into!a specific product!
Results
Composition of applications
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 33
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
36,17% 24,40% 21,28% 19,15% 0%
Types of interconnections
Results
3,64!ressources!/ application!
2,47!products!
1,17!service!
61,84%!selected!
76!ideas!
31,9% only use!products
72,34% are embodied into!a specific product!
Composition!of applications
Products!
Services!
Products!
Services!
Products!
Services!
Products!
Services!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 34
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
Two types of interconnections are!rarely combined!
Analysis
and Product! Product! Web!
service!Product!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 35
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
Two types of interconnections are!rarely combined!
It is hard to distinguish!
Analysis
Mobile!applications!≠ !
Product-oriented
applications!
Web!services!
and Product! Product! Web!
service!Product!
≠ !
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 36
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
Products are considered!as autonomous!
It is hard to distinguish!
Analysis
≠ ! ≠ !Mobile!applications!
Product-oriented
applications!
Web!services!
Two types of interconnections are!rarely combined!
and Product! Product! Web!
service!Product!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 37
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
Applications
State of the art!
Research question #1!
1) Perception of interconnections!
2) Perception of mechanisms!
3) Perception of applications!
Descriptive model!
Experiments!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 38
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
Applications
2) Perception of mechanisms!
State of the art!
Research question #1!
3) Perception of applications!
Descriptive model!
Experiments!
1) Perception of interconnections!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 39
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
Applications
Product!
Service!
Product!Service!
Service!
Perception of mechanisms underlying the applications!
State of the art!
Research question #1!
3) Perception of applications!
Descriptive model!
Experiments!
1) Perception of interconnections!
2) Perception of mechanisms!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 40
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
A scenario to draw
Video available on h"p://vimeo.com/67926008
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 41
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
22 – 45 years old (m=25,48; σ=5,21) Graduate students in design or innovation
23! split in! 3!groups! min!45!
User panel and procedure
min!15!+!(evaluation)!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 42
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
Examples of drawings Pictures available on http://www.regarde.org/fichiers/thebault-experimentation2.pdf!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 43
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
23!drawings!
Results
4,3!countable!« applications »!
65,22%!illustrate the logic!
Transcription of applications
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 44
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
23!drawings!
Results
4,3!countable!« applications »!
65,22%!illustrate the logic!
Strategies!of transcription
Transcription!of applications
60,87% 21,27% 13,04% 4,35%
____ ____!____ ____!____ ____!____ ____!
____!____!____!____!
____!____!____!____!____!____!____!____!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 45
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
23!drawings!
Results
4,3!countable!« applications »!
65,22%!illustrate the logic!
73,91%!put resources!in categories!
« Applications »!Indoor/outdoor!Generated data!Physical/digital!Rooms of the house!Random categories!None!
Strategies!of categorization
Strategies!of transcription
Transcription!of applications
60,87% 21,27% 13,04% 4,35%
____ ____!____ ____!____ ____!____ ____!
____!____!____!____!
____!____!____!____!____!____!____!____!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 46
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
23!drawings!
Results
4,3!countable!« applications »!
65,22%!illustrate the logic!
73,91%!put resources!in categories!
60,87% 21,27% 13,04% 4,35%
____ ____!____ ____!____ ____!____ ____!
____!____!____!____!
____!____!____!____!____!____!____!____!
« Applications »!Indoor/outdoor!Generated data!Physical/digital!Rooms of the house!Random categories!None!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 47
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
Analysis
Applications are!hard to represent
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 48
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
Analysis
Two types of applications!can be distinguished
Applications are!hard to represent!
Service!Product!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 49
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
Analysis
Applications are!hard to represent!
Recurring metaphors et Product! Service!
Product! Service!
Locations!
Two types of applications!can be distinguished
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 50
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
Applications
State of the art!
1) Perception of interconnections!
2) Perception of mechanisms!
3) Perception of applications!
Experiments!
Descriptive model!
Research question #1!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 51
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
Applications
State of the art!
1) Perception of interconnections!
2) Perception of mechanisms!
3) Perception of applications!
Experiments!
Descriptive model!
Research question #1!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 52
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
Applications
Perception of !application types!
State of the art!
2) Perception of mechanisms!
3) Perception of applications!
Experiments!
Descriptive model!
Research question #1!
1) Perception of interconnections!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 53
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
Selecting three types of applications
Applications coupled!to a product
Applications coupled!to a web service
Applications coupled!to the environment
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 54
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
A tool to browse and interact with applications
Video available on h"p://vimeo.com/67926318
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 55
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
22 - 45 years old (m=31,25; σ=7,28) Researchers, PhD students and interns from Bell Labs
21! min!15!
User panel and procedure
min!15!+!(evaluation + interview)!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 56
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
Results
87%!sucesses!
74,36%!mistakes!
25,64%!failures! 74,5!
SUS score ! >70%!>80%!6!minutes!
25!seconds!/ task!
Effectiveness!and efficiency
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 57
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
Results
87%! 74,36%!25,64%!
74,5! >70%!>80%!6!
25!
96,66%
Applications coupled!to a product
4,45 /5!
« Relevant because they avoid unnecessary travels. »!
Effectiveness!and efficiency
Results by!types of!applications
sucesses! mistakes!
failures!
SUS score !
minutes!seconds!/ task!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 58
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
Results
87%! 74,36%!25,64%!
74,5! >70%!>80%!6!
25!
96,66%
Applications coupled!to a product
98,33%
Applications coupled !to a web service
4,45 /5! 4,3 /5!
« Relevant because they avoid unnecessary travels. »!
« Useful because the information is quickly communicated. »!
Effectiveness!and efficiency
Results by!types of!applications
sucesses! mistakes!
failures!
SUS score !
minutes!seconds!/ task!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 59
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
Results
87%! 74,36%!25,64%!
74,5! >70%!>80%!6!
25!
96,66% 98,33% 66,25%
Applications coupled!to the environment
4,45 /5! 4,3 /5! 4,40 /5!
4,10 /5! Sound level!
Video stream!
« They help making plans. »!
Effectiveness!and efficiency
Results by!types of!applications
sucesses! mistakes!
failures!
SUS score !
minutes!seconds!/ task!
Applications coupled !to a web service
« Useful because the information is quickly communicated. »!
Applications coupled!to a product
« Relevant because they avoid unnecessary travels. »!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 60
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
Analysis
Users understand!the applications
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 61
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
Analysis
The real-time aspect!is hard to grasp
Users understand!the applications
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 62
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
Analysis
The real-time aspect!is hard to grasp!
Users understand!the applications
Locations help!structuring thoughts!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 63
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
Applications
State of the art!
2) Perception of mechanisms!
3) Perception of applications!
Experiments!
Descriptive model!
Research question #1!
1) Perception of interconnections!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 64
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
Applications
State of the art!
2) Perception of mechanisms!
3) Perception of applications!
Experiments!
Descriptive model!
Research question #1!
1) Perception of interconnections!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 65
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
Description of mechanisms
Deliver!content!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 66
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
Description of mechanisms
Deliver!content!
Leverage!knowledge!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 67
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
Description of mechanisms
Deliver!content!
Leverage!knowledge!
Shape!behaviors!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 68
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
A taxonomy of applications
Applications representing!
resources!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 69
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
A taxonomy of applications
Applications representing!
resources!
Applications augmenting!
products’ functions!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 70
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
A taxonomy of applications
Applications representing!
resources!
Applications augmenting!
products’ functions!
Applications automating!resources!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 71
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
A conceptual model
Applications representing!resources!
Applications augmenting!products’ functions!
Applications automatingles ressources!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 72
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
A conceptual model
Applications augmenting!products’ functions!
Applications representing!resources!
Applications automatingles ressources!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 73
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
Research question #2!
1) Product design!
Operationalization!
Design principles!
2) Experiments!
3) Revised principles!
State of the art!
Products
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 74
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
Hyptohesis:! Designers need to modify the shape and the interactions of products to ensure the intelligibility of applications.!
How to make sure applications made visible to users?!
Are new design principle necessary?!
Research question #2
How to design products whose functions are augmented by applications? !
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 75
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
Research question #2!
1) Product design!
Operationalization!
Design principles!
2) Experiments!
3) Revised principles!
State of the art!
Products
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 76
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
Research question #2!
1) Product design!
Operationalization!
Design principles!
2) Experiments!
3) Revised principles!
State of the art!
Products
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 77
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
Definition of augmented products
Unique!identifier!
Self awareness!
Sociality!
Autonomy!
State-fulness!
A computationally instrumented tangible object [...] providing supplementary services without compromising its original appearance and interaction metaphor significantly.!!!
Kawsar, 2009! ”!“!
Characteristics!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 78
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
Taxonomy of augmented products
Digital!
Physical!
Creation!Modification!
APPROACH!
TYPE
OF
AU
GM
ENTA
TIO
N!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 79
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
Taxonomy of augmented products
Smarter Object!Heun et al., 2013!
Digital modification 1
Digital!
Physical!
Creation!Modification!
APPROACH!
TYPE
OF
AU
GM
ENTA
TIO
N!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 80
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
Taxonomy of augmented products
Siftables!Merrill et al., 2007!
Surface creation 2
Digital!
Physical!
Creation!Modification!
APPROACH!
TYPE
OF
AU
GM
ENTA
TIO
N!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 81
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
Taxonomy of augmented products
Mediacup!Beigl et al., 2001!
Physical modification
3
Digital!
Physical!
Creation!Modification!
APPROACH!
TYPE
OF
AU
GM
ENTA
TIO
N!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 82
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
Taxonomy of augmented products
Olinda!Schulze et al., 2008!
Product creation
4
Digital!
Physical!
Creation!Modification!
APPROACH!
TYPE
OF
AU
GM
ENTA
TIO
N!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 83
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
Turning products into services
Information processing capabilities of products should be used as a design material. !
Redstrom, 2001, !Hallnäs et al., 2002, !
Kuniavsky, 2010!
”!“!
Boussard et al., 2011!
API!(REST)
Semantic!description!
(OWL)
End-user !representation !
(HTML)
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 84
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
Research question #2!
1) Product design!
Operationalization!
Design principles!
2) Experiments!
3) Revised principles!
State of the art!
Products
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 85
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
Research question #2!
1) Product design!
Operationalization!
Design principles!
2) Experiments!
3) Revised principles!
State of the art!
Products
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 86
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
A new phase in the design process
G: goal!F: functions!C: behavior!S: structure!
Traditional product Augmented product
G!
F!
B!
S!
G!
F!
B!
S!
G!
F!
B
FB!FBS!FBS!
SEC
ON
D P
HA
SE!
FIR
ST P
HA
SE!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 87
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
A new phase in the design process
G: goal!F: functions!C: behavior!S: structure!
Traditional product Augmented product
G!
F!
B!
S!
G!
F!
B!
S!
G!
F!
B
FB!FBS!FBS! FBS!
SEC
ON
D P
HA
SE!
FIR
ST P
HA
SE!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 88
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
A new phase in the design process
G: goal!F: functions!C: behavior!S: structure!
Traditional product Augmented product
G!
F!
B!
S!
G!
F!
B!
S!
G!
F!
B
FB!FBS!FBS!
SEC
ON
D P
HA
SE!
FIR
ST P
HA
SE!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 89
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
Integrating applications into products
Functions (F)!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 90
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
Integrating applications into products
Impact on functions!
Functions (F)!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 91
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
Integrating applications into products
Impact on functions!
Impact on behavior!
Functions (F)!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 92
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
Integrating applications into products
Impact on!functions!
Impact on!behavior!
Impact on!structure!
Functions (F)!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 93
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
The intelligibility of applications
Observability Ability of users to evaluate the internal state of a system based on what can be observed.!
Coutaz, 2007!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 94
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
The intelligibility of applications
Observability
Tracability
Coutaz, 2007!
Ability of users to evaluate the internal state of a system based on what can be observed.!
Ability of users to observe the evolution of a system over time, but without being able to modify this evolution.!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 95
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
The intelligibility of applications
Observability
Tracability
Controllability Ability of users to observe, trace, and intervene on the evolution of a system.!
Ability of users to observe the evolution of a system over time, but without being able to modify this evolution.!
Coutaz, 2007!
Ability of users to evaluate the internal state of a system based on what can be observed.!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 96
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
Intelligibility criteria
Observe! Trace! Control!
Availability of!applications!
How many applications are deployed on the product?!
How to add or remove an application?!
Has the application been correctly added or removed?!
Status of applications!
Which applications are currently active?!
How to enable or disable an application?!
Has the application been correctly enabled or disabled?!
Scope of applications!
Which resources are currently being interconnected with the product?!
How to add, modify or delete interconnections between the product and other resources?!
Have interconnections been correctly added, modified or deleted?!
Inner-working!of applications!
Which mechanisms or parameters are currently tied to each application?!
How to modify the mechanisms or the parameters of an application?!
Which actions or functions have been triggered or modified?!
Potential!dysfunctions!
Are applications currently working well and compatible with each others?!
How to solve a conflict between two applications?!
Why do problems or bugs occur?!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 97
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
Intelligibility criteria
Observe! Trace! Control!
Availability of!applications!
How many applications are deployed on the product?!
How to add or remove an application?!
Has the application been correctly added or removed?!
Status of applications!
Which applications are currently active?!
How to enable or disable an application?!
Has the application been correctly enabled or disabled?!
Scope of applications!
Which resources are currently being interconnected with the product?!
How to add, modify or delete interconnections between the product and other resources?!
Have interconnections been correctly added, modified or deleted?!
Inner-working!of applications!
Which mechanisms or parameters are currently tied to each application?!
How to modify the mechanisms or the parameters of an application?!
Which actions or functions have been triggered or modified?!
Potential!dysfunctions!
Are applications currently working well and compatible with each others?!
How to solve a conflict between two applications?!
Why do problems or bugs occur?!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 98
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
Design spaces
Embodiment!
External representation!
Modular!Integrated!
REP
RES
ENTA
TIO
N!
OF
APP
LIC
ATIO
NS!
PRODUCT’S STRUCTURE!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 99
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
1
Design spaces
Approach #1
Embodiment!
External representation!
Modular!Integrated!
REP
RES
ENTA
TIO
N!
OF
APP
LIC
ATIO
NS!
PRODUCT’S STRUCTURE!
Mediation tool!
Functions!
Structure!
Behavior!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 100
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
2
Design spaces
Approach #2
Embodiment!
External representation!
Modular!Integrated!
REP
RES
ENTA
TIO
N!
OF
APP
LIC
ATIO
NS!
PRODUCT’S STRUCTURE!
Behavior!
Functions!
Structure!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 101
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
3
Design spaces
Approach #3
Embodiment!
Structure!
Modular!Integrated!
REP
RES
ENTA
TIO
N!
OF
APP
LIC
ATIO
NS!
PRODUCT’S STRUCTURE!
Behavior!
Functions!
Structure!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 102
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
Research question #2!
1) Product design!
Operationalization!
Design principles!
2) Experiments!
3) Revised principles!
State of the art!
Products
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 103
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
Products
Research question #2!
1) Product design!
Operationalization!
Design principles!
2) Experiments!
3) Revised principles!
State of the art!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 104
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
Research question #2!
1) Product design!
Operationalization!
Design principles!
2) Experiments!
3) Revised principles!
State of the art!
Products
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 105
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
Defining six applications
Agenda!Set up the time of the alarm based on a personal calendar!
Traffic!Set up the time of the alarm based on traffic.!
Applications modifying !the settings of the alarm!
Applications modifying !the way you wake up!
Applications triggered !after stopping the alarm!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 106
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
Defining six applications
Radio!Turns on your favorite radio channel.!
Podcast!Downloads and plays a podcast.!
Applications modifying !the settings of the alarm!
Applications modifying !the way you wake up!
Applications triggered !after stopping the alarm!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 107
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
Defining six applications
Facebook!Posts a status message when you stop the alarm.!
Weather!Reads the weather forecast of the day.!
Applications modifying !the settings of the alarm!
Applications modifying !the way you wake up!
Applications triggered !after stopping the alarm!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 108
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
Exploring possible structures
Camille Lefer!Intern in 2011!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 109
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
Prototyping
Robert Huynh!Intern 2012!
Camille Lefer!Intern in 2011!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 110
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
Product 1: external representation of applications
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 111
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
Product 1: external representation of applications
Video available on h"p://vimeo.com/67927011
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 112
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
Product #2: embodiment of applications
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 113
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
Product #2: embodiment of applications
Video available on h"p://vimeo.com/67927133
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 114
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
Product #3: embodiment of applications
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 115
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
Product #3: embodiment of applications
Video available on h"p://vimeo.com/67927254
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 116
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
Research question #2!
1) Product design!
Operationalization!
Design principles!
2) Experiments!
3) Revised principles!
State of the art!
Products
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 117
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
Research question #2!
1) Product design!
Operationalization!
Design principles!
2) Experiments!
3) Revised principles!
State of the art!
Products
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 118
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
Perception of the shape and interactions of the product.!
Research question #2!
1) Product design!
Operationalization!
Design principles!
2) Experiments!
3) Revised principles!
State of the art!
Products
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 119
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
List of tasks
Observe the configuration of the product.!Which applications are currently active?!
Tomorrow’s meeting has been canceled. Has the alarm time been modified?!
It is time to wake up. What will be today’s temperature?!
Configure the product in a way that only the following applications are active: […]!
Can the following applications run at the same time? […]!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 120
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
120
List of tasks
Observe the configuration of the product.!Which applications are currently active?!
Tomorrow’s meeting has been canceled. Has the alarm time been modified?!
It is time to wake up. What will be today’s temperature?!
Configure the product in a way that only the following applications are active: […]!
Can the following applications run at the same time? […]!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 121
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
List of tasks
Observe the configuration of the product.!Which applications are currently active?!
Tomorrow’s meeting has been canceled. Has the alarm time been modified?!
It is time to wake up. What will be today’s temperature?!
Configure the product in a way that only the following applications are active: […]!
Can the following applications run at the same time? […]!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 122
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
List of tasks
Observe the configuration of the product.!Which applications are currently active?!
Tomorrow’s meeting has been canceled. Has the alarm time been modified?!
It is time to wake up. What will be today’s temperature?!
Configure the product in a way that only the following applications are active: […]!
Can the following applications run at the same time? […]!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 123
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
List of tasks
Observe the configuration of the product.!Which applications are currently active?!
Tomorrow’s meeting has been canceled. Has the alarm time been modified?!
It is time to wake up. What will be today’s temperature?!
Configure the product in a way that only the following applications are active: […]!
Can the following applications run at the same time? […]!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 124
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
22 - 46 years old (m=33,28; σ=7,78) Researchers, PhD students and interns from Bell Labs
21! min!20!
User panel and procedure
min!15!+!(evaluation + interview)!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 125
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
Results
0!20!40!60!80!
100!
Observe!
Visible !applications.!
22! sec! 35! sec! 24! sec!95,24% 71,43% 95,24%
A familiar interface.!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 126
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
Results
80,95% 83,33% 59,52%
Trace!
Movements help tracing !the action.!
Lack of feedback.!
0!20!40!60!80!
100!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 127
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
Results
97,61% 95,24% 100%
Control!
22! sec! 38! sec! 20! sec!
0!20!40!60!80!
100!
Simple and intuitive interactions.!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 128
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
Analysis
The embodiment of applications allows for direct interaction to be shaped
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 129
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
Analysis
The embodiment of applications allows for direct interaction to be shaped
The modular structure of products!reflects the dynamic aspect of applications
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 130
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
Analysis
The embodiment of applications allows for direct interaction to be shaped
Products still lack feedback
The modular structure of products!reflects the dynamic aspect of applications
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 131
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
Research question #2!
1) Product design!
Operationalization!
Design principles!
2) Experiments!
3) Revised principles!
State of the art!
Products
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 132
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
Products
Research question #2!
1) Product design!
Operationalization!
Design principles!
2) Experiments!
3) Revised principles!
State of the art!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 133
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
Principles
Shape! Icons! Light! Actuation!
INTEGRATED STRUCTURE!
MODULAR STRUCTURE!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 134
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
Principles
Shape! Icons! Light! Actuation! Skin! Shape-changes!
INTEGRATED STRUCTURE!
MODULAR STRUCTURE!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 135
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
Principles
Radical atoms!Ishii et al., 2012.!
Shape-shifting interfaces!Rasmussen et al., 2012.!
Shape! Icons! Light! Actuation! Skin! Shape-changes!
INTEGRATED STRUCTURE!
MODULAR STRUCTURE!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 136
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
Contributions
Descriptive model of applications!1
<
Description!of mechanisms!
Taxonomy of!product-oriented applications!
Conceptual model!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 137
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
Contributions
Principles for the design of products!1 2
Design process! Intelligibility criteria!
Design spaces!
Design principles!
<
Descriptive model of applications!
Description!of mechanisms!
Taxonomy of!product-oriented applications!
Conceptual model!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 138
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
Contributions
Coffee!spot!
Things !Lab!
Meeting!room!
+ other locations!
Artifacts or « physical hypothesis »!3 Frens, 2006!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 139
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
Contributions
Resources!
3 Artifacts or « physical hypothesis »! Frens, 2006!
Coffee!spot!
Things !Lab!
Meeting!room!
+ other locations!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 140
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
Next steps
Formalize!design methods!
Apply the design principles!
Develop appropriate software architecture!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 141
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
Next steps
Open a discussion on !the future of products!
Formalize!design methods!
Apply the design principles!
Develop appropriate software architecture!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 142
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
Towards shape-changing products
Functions/!applications!
Structure!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 143
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
Towards shape-changing products
Maxime Nicoul, Pierre Méar, Yoann Jestin, Matthieu Laroche!
Jules Rattier, Cécile Fleuret, !Alexis Porhiel, Guillaume Faure,!Ge Wang!
Rahman Kalfane, Nadim Raad, !Faustine Bougro, Laure Charton!
Functions/!applications!
Structure!
http://vimeo.com/40607550! http://vimeo.com/40624601! http://vimeo.com/39879956!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 144
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
When applications define the structure of products
Augmented product Composeable product
G: goal!F: functions!C: behavior!S: structure!
G!
F!
B!
S F
B!
S!
G!
F
B!
G! G GFBS
FBS
FBS!FBS! FB!
Sx!
SEC
ON
D P
HA
SE!
FIR
ST P
HA
SE!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 145
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
When applications define the structure of products
G: goal!F: functions!C: behavior!S: structure!
Augmented product Composeable product
SEC
ON
D P
HA
SE!
FIR
ST P
HA
SE!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 146
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
When applications define the structure of products
G: goal!F: functions!C: behavior!S: structure!
Augmented product Composeable product
SEC
ON
D P
HA
SE!
FIR
ST P
HA
SE!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 147
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
§ Each chapter describes a step!of the research process.!
!§ Situating my pratice!
in existing theorical frameworks.!!
§ An opportunity to share !intuitions and propositions.!
!§ A choice to raise questions, explore and
discuss perspectives.!
Thesis
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 148
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Papers
Workshop on Interacting with !Smart Objects!
Transactions !on Interactive !Intelligent Systems!
Workshop on !the Web of Things !
Embodying services into physical places: !towards the design of a mobile environment browser!Pierrick Thébault, Dominique Decotter, Mathieu Boussard, Monique Lu!
EnvB: An Environment-based Mobile Browser !for the Web of Things!Pierrick Thébault, Mathieu Boussard, Monique Lu, Cédric Mivielle, Simon Richir!!Towards the Design of Intelligible Object-based applications for the Web of Things!Pierrick Thébault, Dominique Decotter, Simon Richir!
International Journal !of Design and Innovation Research!
IJODIR Designing for the Ubiquitous Computing era: towards the reinvention of everyday objects and the creation of new user experiences!Pierrick Thébault, David Bihanic, Henri Samier, Simon Richir!!
Virtual Reality !International Conference!
The bridge between physical and digital worlds: implications for the design of Internet-enabled products!Pierrick Thébault, David Bihanic, Henri Samier, Simon Richir,!
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 149
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERS CONTEXT & APPROACH
Thanks to
Fahim!Kawsar!
Natalie!Lehoux!
Jean-Baptiste!Labrune!
Robert !Huynh!
Camille !Lefer!
Dominique !Decotter!
Florentin !Rodio!
Alexis !Eve!
Cédric!Mivielle!
Arnaud!Gonguet!
Matthieu!Boussard!
Yann!Gasté!
Patrick!Legrand!
Lieven!Trappeniers!
Frédérique!Pain!
Bruno!Aidan!
Vincent!Hiribarren!
Fabrice Poussière!
Simon!Richir!
Henri!Samier!
David!Bihanic!
Thesis committee!
Team leaders!
Interns!
Social scientists!
Mentors!
Participants!
models and principles for the !design of augmented products
Pierrick Thébault!
Designing for the!Internet of Things:!
LABORATOIRE ARTS ET METIERS PARISTECH D’ANGERS (LAMPA) - EQUIPE PRESENCE & INNOVATION
Thesis supervisor: Simon RICHIR!Co-supervisors: Henri SAMIER, David BIHANIC, Frédérique PAIN!
& ALCATEL-LUCENT – BELL LABS FRANCE
