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Transcript of Designer BO Training
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Business Objects
Designer XI
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Objectives
Designer Interface
Simple Universe Creation
Loops & Contexts
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Module ?
Graphical environment to create aUniverse
Semantic Layer
Create and Maintain universes.
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Section A
Simple Universe and Object
Creation
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What is a Universe ?
Semantic Layer
Information in the Universe file
Universe structure
Classes and Objects
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What is a Universe ?
Sales
Finance
StockCorporateDatabase /
DW
Universe (Semantic Layer)
CreatestheUniverseforUsers
DesignerUser User
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Universe Design process
CorporateDatabase /
DW
4. Implementation3. Design
2. User Requirements
5. Maintenance
1. Data Analysis
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Section A.1
Core Universe Parameters
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e ore ou ar
Detailed plan of the informationrequirements
A schema diagram of the relationaldatabase
Understanding of the database
Reporting requirement
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Design
There are two ways to initiateUniverse Design:
Create a new Universe from scratch: File - New Commands:
OR
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For a simple Universe.
Universe name and Database connection
Selecting Classes and Objects
Measure Objects
Generate the Universe
Steps involved in Universe Design
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Integrity check detects :
Invalid syntax
Loops
Isolated tables
Isolated joins
Loops within contexts
Missing or incorrect cardinalities
Steps involved in Universe Design
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e es gner n ow
List Mode
QuickDesignWizard
Universe
Parameters
StructureWindow
Objects andClassesWindow
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Dialogue Box
A Universe has three coreparameters
Three CoreParameters
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e onnec on o eDatabase
n the middle-ware throughwhich it is defined:
n the name and type of theconnection;
n the location of the database:
u A Universe connection composed of:
Secured
Shared
Personal
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vance onnec v ySettings
Advanced Connectivity settings:
You can maximize
the query responsetime by equating tothe array fetch sizeof the SourceDatabase
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rea n a n verse -Step 0
Enter the name, description, add theconnection.
Test theconnection
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rea n a n verse -Step 1
Opt the strategy to follow.
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rea n a n verse -Step 2
Controls.
Managesthe server,CPU,networkresources.
a ng a n erse
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av ng a n verse
Methods to save a Universe file:
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Section A.2
Adding Tables
e n verse ruc ure
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e n verse ruc ureWindow
Map the Universe to the databasestructure
Universe StructureWindow
ng a es
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ng a es
Click on +sign to viewfields in
Tables
Click and drag Tables in tothe Structure Window
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Section A.3
Joins in UniverseStructures
a o o ns ac eve
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a o o ns ac evein SQL?
SELECT Customer.Last_Name, Orders.Date,Orders.Amount
FROM Customer, Orders
Cartesian Product:
JoinWHERE Customer.Cust_ID=Orders.Cust_ID
Restricted Result Set:
n qu o n
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n qu o n
n u er o n
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n u er o n
WHERE
Customer.Cust_ID=Orders.Cust_ID
Equi Join
Restricted Result Set:
SELECT Customer.Last_Name, Orders.Date, Orders.Amount
FROM Customer, Orders
WHERE
Customer.Cust_ID*=Orders.Cust_ID(+)
Outer Join
Outer Join Result Set:
e a o n
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e a o n
SELECT Age Group.Age_Group, Customer.Last_Name
FROM Age Group, Customer
Cartesian Product
WHERE Customer.Age Between Age_Group.Age_Min And
Age_Group.Age_Max Theta Join Result Set:
Theta Join
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Section A.4
Creating Dimension and DetailObjects
mens on e a
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mens on e aRelationship
Objects retrieve factual informationabout entities:
Detail Objects
e.g Address, Phone Number
Dimension Objects
e.g Name
Entity = Person
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Window
One Class per Object
Group of Objects
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Object
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Properties
Object Qualification
List of Values
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Object
Click and Drag the fieldin to the Classes and Objects
Window
Re-qualify it as a Detail Object
es ng ec s
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es ng ec s
Important to test a Universe at eachstage
Production cycle of Universedevelopment
Modify Universe
Save UniverseTest Universe
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Section A.5
MeasureObjects
Obj ?
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Object?
Statistical information
How much was earned...
...by a Sales Person? ...by a Product?
1996
...in a Financial Year?
re a e unc ons an
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re a e unc ons anGroup by
Rule of SQL:
Aggregate function accompanied byGroup By
SELECT
City.city,sum(Invoice_Line.days * Invoice_Line.nb_guests * Service.price)
FROMCity,Invoice_Line,Service,Customer,Sales
WHERE
( City.city_id=Customer.city_id )AND ( Customer.cust_id=Sales.cust_id )AND ( Invoice_Line.inv_id=Sales.inv_id )AND ( Invoice_Line.service_id=Service.service_id )
GROUP BYCity.city
Aggregatefunctions
Group By clause
contains anyunaggregatedfields usedin the Selectclause
eman c ynam sm
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eman c ynam sm
Context of use
GROUP BYFormat(Sales.invoice_date,
'yyyy')
Question:What is the Total Revenue for each Year?
Inferred level of aggregation......changes with the GROUP BY.
Question:What is the Total Revenue for each Customer?
GROUP BYCustomer.last_name + ',
'+Customer.first_name
GROUP BYCustomer.last_name + ', '+Customer.first_name,Format(Sales.invoice_date, 'yyyy')
Question:What is the Total Yearly Revenue for each Customer?
Obj t
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Object
Define them in a separate Classdue to their semantically dynamicnature.
NOTE: the Aggregate function in the Measuresdefinition will cause the appropriate GROUP BYclause to be generated by the inference engine.
e ro ec on unc on
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e ro ec on unc onand LOV
The Projection Function controls thebehaviour of the Measure in theReporting interface:
DisassociateMeasures
with LOVs
Check the Qualification is set appropriately
Set the function
to control thebehavior ofthe Object inthe reportinginterface
Obj t
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Objects
Measure Objects need a morerigorous testing procedure thanDimension Objects:
GROUP BYCity.city
GROUP BYCity.city,Customer.last_name + ', '+Customer.first_name
GROUP BY
Customer.last_name + ', '+Customer.first_name
mens ons mus e
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mens ons mus eUnique!!!
Dimension Objects must be definedin a way that will guarantee theuniqueness of the data they return:
NOTE: The inclusion of the unique IDguarantees the results will be displayedaccurately in the reporting interface.
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Section B
Designing UniverseStructures
to conform to SQLrequirements
and resolve Loops
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Section B.1
What is a Loopand
how is it resolved inBusinessObjects?
a s a oop
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a s a oop
A loop is caused by a circular set ofjoins which defines a closed path
through a set of Tables:
SELECT , FROM All Tables in LoopWHERE All Joins in Loop...
ow o ea w oops
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ow o ea w oops
Three Automated routines can beused to resolve 99% of loopsituations within the Universe
structure window.The following order must be observed:
MUST BE FIRST!!!
Cardinality Detection
Routine:
Any subsequent order.
Alias DetectionRoutine
Context DetectionRoutine
...and...
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Section B.2
Using Aliases to Resolve aLoop?
a s an as
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a s an as
An Alias is a temporary name assignedto a Table, within an SQL Statement.
It can be used to resolve structural issuesin a database:
WHERE
AND
Resort.Country_ID =Country.Country_ID
AND
Customer.Country_ID =Country.Country_ID
AND
...
WHERE
AND
WHERE
ANDResort.Country_ID=Resort_Country.Country_ID
ANDCustomer.Country_ID=Customer_Country.Country_ID
AND...
s n u oma c as
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s n u oma c asDetection
The process of Alias detection isautomated by BusinessObjects:ORmanuallyinsert joins
ORinsertcardinalities
1
1
1
11
1
1
1
1
TABLETREE
Aliasneeded
here
11
TheSolution
e n n ec s rom
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e n n ec s romAliases
It is essential, when Aliases are usedin the Universe Structure Window,that Objects are defined from the
approriate Alias:Pointers
to:
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Section B.3
Other uses of Aliasesthat require manual
Resolution
ecurs ve a e ruc ures:
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ecurs ve a e ruc ures:Pigs Ears
A recursive Table structure occurswhen a Table acts as a lookup foritself:
n Automatically:n Manually:
u e oma n oo u s: e
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u e oma n oo u s: eProblem
MDLs are a major problem for
Designers:
Sample Data:
Absences
MultipleDomainLookup
SampleResult
SetIncorrectSolution
u oma n oo u s: e
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u oma n oo u s: eResolution
There is a manual solution for MDLs:
u an u er o ns: ases
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u an u er o ns: asesallow both
It is possible to give the User thechoice of using an Equi Join or anOuter join in their queries.
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Section B.4
Using Contexts to ResolveLoops
a a ase ruc ure: on ex
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a a ase ruc ure: on exSituations
Certain database structures willrequire the definition of contexts inUniverse structures:
FACT(sales)
Customer
Time
Product
Vendor
1
1
1
1
SingleStar
Schema
FACT
Dimension orLookup Table
1
1 1
1
Country
Brand
1
1
NormalisedDimensions
SnowflakeSchema
FACT(reservations)
1
1
Multiple StarSchemas
WARNING:Loop!!!
on ex s ua ons:
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on ex s ua ons:Errors in SQL
A loop caused by multiple fact tableswill result in incorrect results beingreturned from the generated SQL
FROMAll Tables in LoopWHERE.All Joins in Loop
ow us ness ec s
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ow us ness ec sdetects Contexts
Contexts are automatically detectedthrough the table tree algorithm:
OR insertcardinality
DetectContexts
1
1
1
1
1
1
Accept suggestions
SalesContext
ReservationsContext
Sales Fact: Reservation Fact:
e ncom a e uery: u
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e ncom a e uery: uPath SQL
Contexts are important whenhandling what may be termedIncompatible Queries:
WHERE andFROM clausedefined from:
Invoice_Line
Context
TwoSelectsJoinedon the
Client
Reservation_Line
Context
m uous uer es:
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m uous uer es:Naming Contexts
It is important to name Contextsappropriately to limit the impact ofthe Ambiguous Query:
A Name andDescription
help them to makethe right decisionfortheir question
Users create Ambiguous Queriesand are asked in whichContext are they asking the question
ases n a u ar
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ases n a u arsituation?
Normalised dimensions are notamenable to loop resolutions throughAliases:
Candidates
forAliases
Still a LoopAll Candidates
for Aliases
Duplicationof Objects: Duplicationof Objects:
SalesUniverse
ReservationsUniverse
Effective Result: Two Universes
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Section B.5
Other Uses ofContexts:
Chasm Traps
e asm rap
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e asm rap
The Chasm trap appears in the followingsituation:
SELECT Sales_Person.sales_personCount(Abscences.ABSSTART),
Sum(Salaries.SALARY_VALUE)FROM WHERE GROUP BY Sales_Person.sales_person
1. SELECT
Sales_Person.sales_person,Abscences.ABSSTART,
Salaries.SALARY_VALU
E
Sales Person Start Date Salary Value
2.GROUP BY
Sales_Person.sales_person3. Applies Aggregatefunctions
Count() Sum()
4. Generates incorrectresults
Sales Person No. Abscences Total Salary
e us ness ec s
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e us ness ec sResolution
BusinessObjects resolves the Chasm
Trap through Contexts and MultipathSQL
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Section B.6
The FanTrap:
e an rap
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e a ap
The fan trap occurs in the followingsituation:
SELECT Customer.last_nameCount(Sales.Inv_id),Sum(Invoice_Lines.
days)FROM WHERE GROUP BY Customer.last_name
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Section C
Hierarchies in Universe
Design
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Section C.1
What is aHierarchy?
a s a erarc y
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y
U.K.
North South
Liverpool Manchester Newcastle London Southampton Bristol
Level in Hierarchy: Entities Returned:
Hierarchy
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Hierarchy
NOTE: As each level is divided in to its components at the level belowa more atomized view of any statistical information can be found.
More DetailedLess Detailed
ow o e resen aHi h
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Hierarchy
Dimension Objects represent theentity levels in a hierarchy:
Measures can be analysed at each entity
level Top Level
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Multidimensional Analysis
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Multidimensional Analysis
Drill is the central mechanismthrough which multidimensionalanalysis can be conducted:
Drill Down
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Section C.2
A Simple DefaultHierarchy?
Hierarchy?
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Hierarchy?
A Default Hierarchy is visuallyrepresented to the User in theClasses and Objects Window:
Default Hierarchies arerepresented by the wayObjects are laid out inthe Classes and ObjectsWindow of the QueryPanel
ow o rea e a e auHi h
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Hierarchy
Dragging and Dropping fields fromthe Structure Window and existingobjects from the Classes and Objects
Window are the simplest ways tobuild a default hierarchy:
Hierarchy
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Hierarchy
Create a Scoped Query to test out aDefault hierarchys operation:
from the base Dimension Object
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Section C.3
A Special Case:Time
Case?
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Case?
Time is a special case because eachof its levels can come from a singlefield in the underlying database:
01/01/1997
Invoice Date:
Year
Quarter
Month
Day
and dependant ondefinition...
our ays o rea e meHierarchies
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yHierarchies
There are four ways to develop aTime hierarchy in BusinessObjects:n Automatically: n Using standard functions:
n Altering the database: n Defining a Custom function:
Hierarchies
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Hierarchies
Automatic Time hierarchies are finefor testing and quick design work:
In the Classesand Objectswindow...
es ner e ne meHierarchies
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Hierarchies
Using functions to manipulate thedata returned by a Date Objectimproves presentation in Reports:
Copy theObject tosave time
Edit the duplicate Objects definition
Periods
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e ods
Altering the database table structure
gives the Designer the flexibility toprovide their own definition of periods:
Calendar Year: 1/1/94 - 31/12/94Financial Year: 6/4/94 - 5/4/95
Calendar Quarter 1: 1/1/94 -31/3/94
Financial Quarter 1: 6/4/94 -5/7/94
Calendar Year: Financial Year:
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Section C.4
Designer Defined CustomHierarchies
and Hierarchy Maintenance
Hierarchy?
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y
A Custom Hierarchy combineselements from default (or pure)hierarchies in to a single path of
analysis:
Default Hierarchy: Custom Hierarchy:
Hierarchy
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y
Custom Hierarchies can be defined inthe Hierarchies Editor:
us om or e auHierarchies?
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Hierarchies?
There are three options whendefining a hierarchy strategy:
Only Default
Only Custom
Both
n ngo ng rocess
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The hierarchies made available in aUniverse must change to meet userrequirements:Ive
designedthis new
hierarchyfor you...
But I needthis hierarchy
you fool!!!
Designer Updates Universe User requests new hierarchy
mens ona s an nHierarchies
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Hierarchies
If a Analysts persistently meetDimensional Rifts it is a clearindication that a Custom hierarchy is
needed:
} DimensionalRift
No linking metadata in Universe
Link Hierarchy:
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Section D
Distributing and MaintainingUniverses
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Section D.1
Documenting aUniverse
Universe
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Documenting a Universe will savetime in the future and make it easierto envisage it in its entirety:
?
Documentation
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Printing out documentation for aUniverse is a simple process:n What? n How?
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Section D.2
Deploying aUniverse
Universe
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The Universe development cycle hasseveral distinct phases:
Phase 1-2
Phase 3
Phase 4
Phase 5
Phase 6
Phase 7
s r u ng n verses
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There are two major mechanisms fordistributing Universe files:
File System
Central Management Server (CMS)
repository
or group o e
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The File System allows unsecuredUniverses to be distributed:
n erpr se o e
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The BusinessObjects CentralManagement Server (CMS) repositoryallows the Universe to be distributed
and secured:
CentralManagementServer (CMS)
repository
Central Management Server
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(CMS) repository Universe is made available to Web
Intelligence users and otherdesigners by exporting a universe to
the CMS repository. When a universe is exported, the
universe is:
Moved to the selected universe folder onthe repository file system and
Created in the Central Management
System (CMS).
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Section D.3
Maintaining aUniverse
o y n e n er y nDatabase
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Database
The implications of modifying theunderlying database forBusinessObjects Universes varies in
severity:
n No Impact:
Adding new Fields Adding new Tables
n Severe Impact:
Renaming/Moving Database Changing existing Field names Changing existing Table names Deleting Tables
ew a es n an x s nUniverse
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Universe Certain Procedures must be followed
when new Tables are added to anexisting Universe structure:
Add new Tables
Check if it is a Multi Domain Lookup(Aliases)
Insert Joins and Cardinalities
Objects
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Changes to existing Objects in aUniverse have two types of impacton existing Documents created from
the Universe:
n No Impact:
Redefining Object SQL Renaming an Object Copying to different Class Moving in same Class or to
a different Class
Adding new Objects
n Impact:
Deleting and existing Object Deleting and recreating the
Object with exactly the sameDefinition
ng ew ec s
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There are three main ways to addnew Objects to an existing Universe:1. Create from scratch: 2. Copy from another Universe:
3. Include User Defined Objects:
o u e ummary
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Universe Design is cyclical:
Phase 1-2
Phase 3
Phase 4
Phase 5
Phase 6
Phase 7
unc ons ava a e
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DESIGNER provides a number of
functions for the SQL definition ofobjects. By using these functions, youmake the definition of objects dynamic
as well as database-independent.Referred to as @ functions, thesefunctions are as follows:
@Aggregate_Aware @Prompt : allows creation of an interactive object.
@Select : reusability of a Select statement of an existingobject
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