Design Thinking - An Introduction - Mpb May0813

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Design Thinking!

design/dzn/

Noun

A plan or drawing produced to show the look and function or workings of a building, garment, or otherobject before it is built or made.

Verb

Decide upon the look and functioning of (a building, garment, or other object), typically by making adetailed drawing of it.

Synonyms

noun. plan - intention - scheme - draft - project - purposeverb. plan - project - scheme - intend - draw - sketch


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Design Thinking!

thinking/THiNGkiNG/

Adjective

Using thought or rational judgment; intelligent: "a thinking man".

Noun

The process ofusing one's mind to consider or reason about something: "they have done some thinkingabout political reform".

Synonyms

adjective. thoughtful - rational - reflectivenoun. thought - mind - opinion - meditation - reflection - idea


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Design Thought!

thought/THt/

Noun

An idea or opinion produced by thinking or occurring suddenly in the mind: "Mrs. Oliver's first thoughtwas to get help"

An idea ormental picture, imagined and contemplated: "the mere thought of a holiday made her heartrace".

Synonyms

idea - notion - mind - thinking - opinion - reflection


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Design Thought!

List of Thought ProcessesRange of thinking styles, methods of thinking (thinking skills), and types of thought:

2-Dimensionality2-Dimensionality3-Dimensionality3-DimensionalityAbductive reasoningAbductive reasoningAbstract thinkingAbstract thinking

AdaptationAdaptationAdaptive reasoningAdaptive reasoningAnalogyAnalogyArgumentArgumentAssociation of IdeasAssociation of IdeasAnalysisAnalysisAssessmentAssessmentAutistic thinking seAutistic thinking seBackcastingBackcastingBeliefBeliefBrainstormingBrainstormingCausalityCausalityCalculationCalculationCasuistryCasuistryCategorizationCategorizationChunkingChunkingCodeCodeCognitionCognition

Cognitive restructuringCognitive restructuringCognitive spaceCognitive spaceCognitive styleCognitive styleCommon senseCommon senseCommunicatingCommunicatingConceptConceptConcept-formationConcept-formationConcept mapConcept mapConceptual metaphorConceptual metaphorConceptual thinkingConceptual thinkingConcrete conceptsConcrete conceptsConjectureConjectureConstructive criticismConstructive criticismConversationConversationCreative thought processesCreative thought processesCreativityCreativityCreativity techniquesCreativity techniquesCritical thinkingCritical thinkingDecision makingDecision makingDecision-making processesDecision-making processesDeconstructionDeconstructionDeductive reasoningDeductive reasoningDefinitionDefinitionDereistic thinkingDereistic thinkingDesign (and re-design)Design (and re-design)Diagrammatic reasoningDiagrammatic reasoningDialecticDialecticDiscoveryDiscoveryDistinctionDistinctionDistributed cognitionDistributed cognitionEmotionEmotionEntrained ThinkingEntrained ThinkingEmotionally-based thinking skillsEmotionally-based thinking skillsEmotionsEmotionsEstimationEstimation

EvaluationEvaluation

ExpectationExpectationExperimentationExperimentationExplanationExplanation

Extension (semantics)Extension (semantics)Forward thinkingForward thinkingFuzzy Logic (Fuzzy Thinking)Fuzzy Logic (Fuzzy Thinking)GeneralizingGeneralizingGestalt psychologyGestalt psychologyHeuristics in judgment and decision makingHeuristics in judgment and decision makingHigher-order thinkingHigher-order thinkingHistorical thinkingHistorical thinkingHolismHolismHypothesisHypothesisIdeaIdeaInductive reasoningInductive reasoningInferenceInferenceInquiryInquiryInstinctInstinctIntelligenceIntelligenceIntentionalityIntentionalityInterpretationInterpretation

Integrative thinkingIntegrative thinkingIntrospectionIntrospectionIntuitionIntuitionInventingInventingJudgingJudgingKinesthetic learningKinesthetic learningLanguageLanguageLateral thinkingLateral thinkingLearningLearningLinguisticsLinguisticsLogicLogicLogical argumentLogical argumentLogical assertionLogical assertionMeaning (linguistics)Meaning (linguistics)Meaning (non-linguistic)Meaning (non-linguistic)Meaning (semiotics)Meaning (semiotics)MemorizationMemorizationMental calculationMental calculationMental functionMental functionMeta-analytic thinkingMeta-analytic thinkingMetacognition (thinking about thinking)Metacognition (thinking about thinking)Meta-ethicalMeta-ethicalMetaphorMetaphorMethodic doubtMethodic doubtMind's eyeMind's eyeMind mapMind mapMindsetMindsetMnemonicsMnemonicsMorphological analysisMorphological analysisMultiple intelligencesMultiple intelligencesMultitaskingMultitaskingNatural language processing (NLP)Natural language processing (NLP)NondualityNondualityObject PairingObject PairingOrganizational thoughtOrganizational thought

Parallel thinkingParallel thinkingPerceptive processesPerceptive processes

Personal experiencePersonal experiencePersuasionPersuasionPhilosophical analysisPhilosophical analysis

Philosophical methodPhilosophical methodPlanningPlanning PoPo

PreconsciousPreconsciousPredictionPredictionPremisePremiseProblem findingProblem findingProblem shapingProblem shapingProblem solvingProblem solvingProjectingProjectingPropositionPropositionRationalityRationalityReasonReasonReasoningReasoningRecognition primed decisionRecognition primed decisionRepairRepairRethinkingRethinkingReversalReversal

Self-reflectionSelf-reflectionSapienceSapienceSemantic networkSemantic network

SemanticsSemanticsSemiosisSemiosisSemioticsSemioticsSensemakingSensemakingSituational awarenessSituational awarenessSix Thinking HatsSix Thinking HatsStorytellingStorytellingStream of consciousnessStream of consciousnessSubconsciousSubconsciousSuspicion (emotion)Suspicion (emotion)Substitution (logic)Substitution (logic)SyllogismSyllogismSynecticsSynecticsSynthesis (synthetic)Synthesis (synthetic)Systems thinkingSystems thinkingTheoriesTheoriesThought sonorizationThought sonorizationThinkingThinkingThinking ProcessesThinking ProcessesThinking outside the boxThinking outside the boxThoughtThoughtTranslationTranslationThought experimentThought experimentThought disorderThought disorderTrial and errorTrial and errorTRIZTRIZUnconscious mindUnconscious mindUnderstandingUnderstandingVertical thinkingVertical thinkingVisual thinkingVisual thinkingVPEC-TVPEC-TWorking memoryWorking memory


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Design Thought!

Po (lateral thinking)

A "po" is an idea which moves thinking forward to a new place from where new

ideas or solutions may be found.

The term was created by Edward de Bono as part of a lateral thinking techniqueto suggest forward movement, that is, making a statement and seeing where itleads to.

It is an extraction from words such as hypothesis, suppose, possible and poetry,

all of which indicate forward movement and contain the syllable "po".

Po can be taken to refer to any of the following: provoking operation, provocativeoperation orprovocation operation.


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Design Thought!

Po (lateral thinking)

In ancient Polynesian and the Maori, the word "po" refers tothe original chaotic state of formlessness, from whichevolution occurred.


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DesignThinking!is more than design orthinking about design or thoughts ondesign.

and less about buzz words, design styles, form, styling, flair,flamboyance or the cool-factor.


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DesignThinking!is about process, approach, methodology or a stance thatleads to an idea which moves thinking forward to a new place fromwhere new ideas or solutions may be found

i.e. design - a plan or drawing of an object, entity, service or anexperience


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DesignDesign ThinkingThinking!!

Business Domain // How to Develop 5 Critical Thinking Types:

Strategic leadership requires five different types of thinking. Knowing when and how much toutilize each one is the hallmark of great leaders.

Critical thinking is the mental process of objectively analyzing a situation by gatheringinformation from all possible sources, and then evaluating both the tangible andintangible aspects, as well as the implications of any course of action.

Implementation thinking is the ability to organize ideas and plans in a way that they willbe effectively carried out.

Conceptual thinking consists of the ability to find connections or patterns betweenabstract ideas and then piece them together to form a complete picture.

Innovative thinking involves generating new ideas or new ways of approaching things tocreate possibilities and opportunities.

Intuitive thinking is the ability to take what you may sense or perceive to be true and,without knowledge or evidence, appropriately factor it in to the final decision.


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Core Element of Design [ Framing ]

Core element of expert design is framingdealing with the paradoxes that arisefrom conflicting considerations in order to create value.

Framing can be understood as a form ofabductive reasoning; that is, it deals withdeveloping hypotheses that could account for situations or observations.

In the case of design problems that do not have closed-form solutions, thedesigner is dealing with unknowns of what will be designed as well as how it willcreate the desired value.

Problems cannot be solved in the context it arose.


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What Design Thinking does is create a new context for people tosolve problems in.

Design & Thinking Official Trailer:[ http://youtu.be/uilcaXYnluU ] + [http://youtu.be/BqEeZkrXDtE ]

Kees Dorst, Interpreting Design Thinking:[ http://vimeo.com/12256739 ]

David Kelley, founder, Stanford Inst of Design, on teaching design & innovation:[ http://bloom.bg/m717Ll ]

Design Thinking for Educators:[ http://vimeo.com/46066966 ]
http://youtu.be/uilcaXYnluUhttp://youtu.be/BqEeZkrXDtEhttp://vimeo.com/12256739http://bloom.bg/m717Llhttp://vimeo.com/46066966http://vimeo.com/46066966http://vimeo.com/46066966http://bloom.bg/m717Llhttp://bloom.bg/m717Llhttp://vimeo.com/12256739http://vimeo.com/12256739http://youtu.be/BqEeZkrXDtEhttp://youtu.be/BqEeZkrXDtEhttp://youtu.be/uilcaXYnluUhttp://youtu.be/uilcaXYnluU


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There is not one definitive model for Design Thinking.

Hekkert & van Dijk (2011) presents a process for industrial design based on alternatingdeconstruction and reconstruction.

Aspelund (2006) presents a seven step sequential model to design that isolates design fromproduction issues.

Brown (2008) presents a nonlinear process with three interconnected phasesinspiration, ideation,and implementation which can be further characterized by smaller-scale steps and reflectivequestions.

Fierst et al. (2011) in an articulation specifically for designers of school-based learning experiences,describe a five-step model in which iteration is relegated to the final phase, evolution.

Poulsen & Thgersen (2011) apply a phenomenological perspective in their study of the design,resulting in a three-phase design thinking process consisting of focus, reflect, and reframe; this modelreinforces the idea that framing is essential to design thinking (Dorst, 2011).

The design thinking model presented by Kembel (2009) is notably different for its explicit treatment ofempathy. His is a five-step cyclic model consisting ofempathy, problem definition, ideation,prototyping, and testing.

Empathy arises from a deep understanding of the stakeholders and their needs.

It goes beyond merely involving users in a design process and considering their articulated wants andneeds: in this model, empathy requires an anthropological approach to understanding users and their

environments (Kelley, 2005; Schell, 2008).


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DesignDesign ThinkingThinking!!Example of design process for implementing 'Design Thinking' in communities + schools


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DesignDesign ThinkingThinking!!Ideas and Strategies for implementing Design Thinking in communities and schools


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Participatory BudgetParticipatory Budget

Participatory DesignParticipatory Design


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PP!!DD Participatory designParticipatory design

Example from Singapore // What is Participatory Design?

Participatory Design is a design approach where all stakeholders areactively involved in the processes and procedures of design.

Traditional design processes commonly include the paying client andconsultants within or related to the profession; in participatory design,the users and even the wider public are also recognized as stakeholdersand are brought into the process as well.

The extent of their involvement differs across projects and can range from merelyinforming these groups of people in a one-way process, to sharing or delegating roles

and responsibilities in partnership with the local communities.

The main objective is often to ensure that the end product or outcome of the designprocess meets the actual needs of this wider group of stakeholders, but there are manyother reasons for adopting a more participatory approach as well:

- People have the right to participation.- Designers have a social responsibility to people.

- Everyone is an expert at something.- Participation creates ownership of the product or outcome.


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What Participatory Design is NOT?

Participation is not about abrogating responsibility or escapingaccountability as designers.

At P!D we agree that people typically expect designers to provide goodadvice and make sound decisions, but, as architect Lucien Kroll once

said, 'I do not want to decide alone.'

Further reading on participatory design:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Participatory_design

http://www.spatialagency.net/database/participation.1970s

http://lithgow-schmidt.dk/sherry-arnstein/ladder-of-citizen-participation.html

http://pdcproceedings.org/ (archives)

http://www.pdc2014.org/index.php/art

http://www.participateindesign.org
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Participatory_designhttp://www.spatialagency.net/database/participation.1970shttp://lithgow-schmidt.dk/sherry-arnstein/ladder-of-citizen-participation.htmlhttp://pdcproceedings.org/http://www.pdc2014.org/index.php/arthttp://www.participateindesign.org/http://www.participateindesign.org/http://www.pdc2014.org/index.php/arthttp://pdcproceedings.org/http://pdcproceedings.org/http://lithgow-schmidt.dk/sherry-arnstein/ladder-of-citizen-participation.htmlhttp://www.spatialagency.net/database/participation.1970shttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Participatory_design


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The P!D Vision forParticipatory Design

Our neighbourhoods reflects the community that we live in, and therefore we believe itis the best place for us to begin modeling a new way of thinking and living.

We believe that everyone - particularly everyday users and the wider public - has theright to participate in and influence the processes and decisions that affect theirneighbourhoods. When it comes to revitalizing neighbourhoods, the importance of theeveryday citizen cannot be under-estimated.

How then can we catalyse the potential of the everyday people and the communityplayers?

We believe that designers can act as agents of social practice that can combine socialresearch and design practice.


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Participatory Design is a diverse collection of principles and practices aimed at makingtechnologies, tools, environments, businesses, and social institutions more responsive tohuman needs. A central tenet of Participatory Design is the direct involvement of people in theco-design of things and technologies they use.

Participatory Design Conferences have been held every two years since 1990 and have formedan important venue for international discussion of the collaborative, social, and politicaldimensions of technology innovation and use. More recently, the conference agendas havebroadened to address participatory approaches in a variety of other arenas, includingcommunications, computer supported cooperative work (CSCW), healthcare, new media,architecture, the arts, and others.

Participatory Design approaches have been used in traditional application domains (such ascomputer systems for business, CSCW, healthcare and government) and more recently inareas such as web-portal design, e-government services, community networks, enterpriseresource planning, social administration and community development, university/communitypartnerships, telehealth, communities of practice and political deliberation/mobilization (e-democracy), digital arts and design, scholarship and teaching with mediated technologies (e-learning), the experience of a sense of place, Participatory Design in developing countries,cultural production and cultural institutions.

Participatory Design is a diverse collection of principles and practices aimed at makingtechnologies, tools, environments, businesses, and social institutions more responsive tohuman needs. A central tenet of Participatory Design is the direct involvement of people in the

co-design of things and technologies they use.



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This is a documentary exploring design thinking, "a term that arose to distinguish whatothers think of as design, usually the surface, to the thinking behind."

To arrange a public screening in Ward2, Hamilton, contact:[ http://www.designthinkingmovie.com/#screening ]

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Design Thinking for Educators is a creative process that helps you design meaningfulsolutions in the classroom, at your school, and in your community.

The toolkit provides you with instructions to explore Design Thinking.[ http://www.designthinkingforeducators.com/ ]

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Presentation by!dsP t ti d t A bl O i f P ti i t B d ti W d2 H ilt b M h h P B t i M 8 2013 | b t i@ il
http://www.designthinkingmovie.com/#screeninghttp://www.designthinkingforeducators.com/mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]://www.designthinkingforeducators.com/http://www.designthinkingforeducators.com/http://www.designthinkingmovie.com/#screeninghttp://www.designthinkingmovie.com/#screening

Design Thinking - An Introduction - Mpb May0813

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