DESIGN OF WIND SOLAR AND PUMPED- STORAGE HYBRID …€¦ · Design of Wind Solar and Pumped-Storage...

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International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET)

Volume 8, Issue 10, October 2017, pp. 71–81, Article ID: IJMET_08_10_010

Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/issues.asp?JType=IJMET&VType=8&IType=10

ISSN Print: 0976-6340 and ISSN Online: 0976-6359

© IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed

DESIGN OF WIND SOLAR AND PUMPED-

STORAGE HYBRID POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM

S. Sivakumar

Associate Professor, Department of EEE,

Veltech Dr. RR & Dr.SR University, Chennai, India

P. Sivaraj

Assistant Professor, Department of EEE,


K. Siddappa Naidu

Professor, Department of ECE,


ABSTRACT

To rectify the intrinsic defects in wind-solar hybrid system, which is the power

generation and electricity load's irrational because of uncertainty of resources. The

design of this, can be an agreeable configuration system’s capacity according to the

load consumed and resource condition and also can ensure system reliability of power

supply which reduces the cost of power generation system. This system is greatly

suited for the regions with relatively adequate wind energy and solar energy.

Establishment of the power system in this region will obtain a very good economic

benefits and social effects of energy conservation.

Key words: Solar and Hybrid Energy, Embedded Systems, Net Power Quality.

Cite this Article: S. Sivakumar, P. Sivaraj, K. Siddappa Naidu, Design of Wind Solar

and Pumped-Storage Hybrid Power Supply System, International Journal of

Mechanical Engineering and Technology 8(10), 2017, pp. 71–81.

http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/issues.asp?JType=IJMET&VType=8&IType=10

1. INTRODUCTION

Energy in the world basically comes from fossil fuels, hydro sources, thermal sources and

renewable sources. Renewable sources available are solar, wind, tidal, hydro, biomass and

energy from waste. The energy resources solar and wind are seasonal, both may not be

available at all times which causes an interruption in the power flow thus reducing the

efficiency and consistency in the power. The integration of the two energy sources as one

helps us to increase the output power of the system as a whole [1]. To design a compact

hybrid power generation system using solar and wind energy for domestic and rural purposes.

The aim of this paper is to produce energy from wind system implemented in national

highways, where the vehicles moves at higher speed produces huge amount of air and at the

S. Sivakumar, P. Sivaraj, K. Siddappa Naidu


same time, acquiring the solar energy from the ambient will also be collected [6]. Both wind

power and solar power will be acquired simultaneously for charging the batteries. For the

purpose of maximum uninterrupted power supply, a DC generator and Power supply line is

also connected to the system, but these two works in a priority, only when the demand is not

met by the wind-solar system [3].

2. MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY

2.1. Hardware Description

Figure 1 Solar and Wind Energy Hybrid System

2.2. Solar Panel

The process of converting the energy from the sunlight directly into electricity is done by the

solar panels with the help of photovoltaic cells. The solar modules as well as the photovoltaic

arrays are made by these cells. This process of generating power could be known as solar

power.

2.3. Polarity Control

The polarity of the current produced from the solar cells are controlled using a p-n junction

diode which allows an electric current in one direction called the PN Junction diodes forward

direction which blocks the current in the opposite direction [4].

2.4. Wind Turbine

In this paper we bring in the use of an impulse turbine. A turbine is a mechanical device

which could convert the kinetic energy into mechanical energy.

2.5. Step Down Transformer

When 230V, 50Hz AC supply is used in the primary winding of the power transformer it

could either be stepped down or stepped up depending upon the required value of the DC

supply. In this system, the step up transformer of 230V/15V could be used to perform the step

down operation where 230V,50Hz AC supply appears as 15V,50Hz AC supply towards the

secondary winding [2]. 2A is the current rating of the transformer used in this system. Aside

from the AC voltage to be stepped down, it gives undivided value between the power source

and also the power supply circuits.

Design of Wind Solar and Pumped-Storage Hybrid Power Supply System


2.6. Dynamo

A dynamo is an electrical device which can also act as a generator from which the mechanical

energy is converted to electrical energy and this is done with the help of a commutator.

2.7. Inverter

For the need of converting the Direct current to alternate current we bring in the use of an

inverter. The Alternating current obtained can be at any voltage and frequency based on the

transformers, switches and also the control circuits used.

2.8. Interface Chord (RS-232)

RS-232 (Recommended Standard 232) is a standard for serial binary data signals connecting

between a DTE (Data Terminal Equipment) and a DCE (Data Circuit-terminating

Equipment). It is used as a computer serial ports.

2.9. Circuit Diagram

2.9.1. Solar Power Generation

Figure 2 Solar Power Generation

2.9.2. Wind Power Generation

Figure 3 Wind Power Generation



2.9.3. Hybrid Power Generation

Figure 4 Hybrid Power Generation

2.10. Embedded System

To perform the various operations and conversions required to switch, control and monitor the

devices a processor is needed. The processor may be a microprocessor, micro controller or

embedded controller. In this paper an embedded controller has been preferred because of its

industrial advantages in power electronics like built in ADC, RAM, ROM, ports, USART,

DAC. This leads to lesser space occupation by the circuit and also the speed of embedded

controllers is more compared to other processors [5]. The embedded controller selected for

this paper is PIC16F877A due to its various features. The microcontroller used here is

PIC16F877A. The microcontroller has three 8-bit ports, one 6-bit port and one 3-bit port. It

also consists of an 8-channel 10-bit ADC. The microcontroller is programmed such that the

intensity is sunlight is measured at one point and stored in a register. Then the speed of the

wind is monitored. The input and output signals are controlled, monitored and displayed. The

multiple charging batteries are monitored [7].

Figure 5 Circuit Diagram



Figure 6 Block Diagram

2.11. Software Description

2.11.1. Visual Basic-6.0

Algorithm

Start the program.

Initialize the PIC ports.

Initialize the Variables used in the program.

Initialize the Graphics screen in ‗C language.

Collect Solar Power S1 and win power from The Hardware.

Read Analog Values Form PIC by Using Analog Read Protocol.

Display All Analog Values Like light intensity, speed of the win, Voltage, And Current In

Screen.

Plot the Graph by Taking Light intensity On Y-Axis and Time On X-Axis.

Plot the Graph by Taking speed of the win On Y-Axis and Time On X-Axis.

Calculate TV = (VOL1 + VOL2) / 2.

If TV < 3 Then, Out = Out or &H1, Shape1.FillColor = vbGreen Else, Out = Out and &HE,

Shape1.FillColor = vbRed

End If TV >= 3 and TV <= 6 Then, Out = Out Or &H Shape2.FillColor = vbGreen, Else, Out

= Out and &HD Shape2.FillColor = vbRed

End If TV > 6 and TV < 12 Then, Out = Out Or &H4 Shape3.FillColor = vbGreen, Else Out =

Out and &HB, Shape3.FillColor = vbRed

End IfMSComm1.Output = "{5D0" & CStr (Hex (Out)) & "}"

Stop the program.



Flowchart

Coding

Private Declare Sub Sleep Lib "kernel32" (ByVal dwMilliseconds As Long)

Dim LUX1 As Integer, VOL1 As Integer, CUR1 As Integer, POW1 As Integer

Dim WIN2 As Integer, VOL2 As Integer, CUR2 As Integer, POW2 As Integer, POW,

POW3, POW4 As Integer

Dim NET, TV As Integer

Dim Buf As String, Out As Integer

Dim SX, SY, EX, EY, SX1, SY1, EX1, EY1 As Integer

Private Sub Command1_Click ()

Me.Hide

Form2.Show

End Sub

Private Sub Form_Load ()

MSComm1.PortOpen = True

MSComm1.Output = "{27}"

Sleep 100

MSComm1.Output = "{1C80}"

Sleep 100

MSComm1.Output = "{1D00}"

Sleep 100

MSComm1.Output = "{5DFF}"

Sleep 100

MSComm1.Output = "{5C80}"

Sleep 100

Out = &H0

SX = 1320



EX = 7800

SY = 1680

EY = 5760

SX1 = 10680

EX1 = 17400

SY1 = 1680

EY1 = 5760

Form2.Data1.DatabaseName = App.Path & "\HYBRID.mdb"

Form2.Data1.RecordSource = "TABLE"

POW = 0

POW2 = 0

End Sub

Private Sub Form_Unload (Cancel As Integer)

End

End Sub

Private Sub Timer1_Timer ()

LUX1 = Analog (3)

VOL1 = Analog (7)

‘CUR1 = Analog (2)

WIN2 = Analog (4)

VOL2 = Analog (6)

‘CUR2 = Analog (5)

VOL1 = VOL1 / 31.6

LIGHT.Text = LUX1

VOLTAGE1.Text = VOL1

WIND.Text = WIN2

VOLTAGE2.Text = VOL2

POW1 = (VOL1 * CUR1) / 360

POW3 = POW3 + POW1

POWER1.Text = POW3

'\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\

POW2 = (VOL2 * CUR2) / 360

POW4 = POW4 + POW2

POWER2.Text = POW4

'\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\

POW = POW + (POW1 + POW2)

NETP = POW

'====================

'***************************************************

EX = SX + 50

EX1 = SX1 + 50

EY = 5760 - (VOLTAGE1.Text / 100) * (5760 - 1680)

EY1 = 5760 - (VOLTAGE2.Text / (VOLTAGE2.Text + 10)) * (5760 - 1680)

Line (SX, SY)-(EX, EY), vbRed

Line (SX1, SY1)-(EX1, EY1), vbRed

SX = EX

SY = EY

SX1 = EX1

SY1 = EY1

If EX > 7700 Then



Line (1320, 1680)-(7800, 5760), Me.BackColor, BF

l1.Refresh

l2.Refresh

l5.Refresh

l7.Refresh

SX = 1320

End If

If EX1 > 17300 Then

Line (10680, 1680)-(17400, 5760), Me.BackColor, BF

l3.Refresh

l4.Refresh

l6.Refresh

l8.Refresh

SX1 = 10680

End If

====================

D.Caption = Date

T.Caption = Time

TV = (VOL1 + VOL2) / 2

If TV < 3 Then

Out = Out Or &H1

Shape1.FillColor = vbGreen

Else

Out = Out And &HE


End If

If TV >= 3 And TV <= 6 Then

Out = Out Or &H2


Else

Out = Out And &HD


End If

If TV > 6 And TV < 12 Then

Out = Out Or &H4


Else

Out = Out And &HB


End If

MSComm1.Output = "{5D0" & CStr (Hex (Out)) & "}"

Sleep 100

End Sub

Function Analog (no As Integer)

MSComm1.Output = "{4" & CStr (no) & "}"

Sleep 100

Buf = MSComm1.Input

If (Buf <> "") Then

Analog = CInt (Mid$(Buf, 2, 4))

Else



Analog = 0

End If

Analog = 0

End If

End Function

Private Sub Timer2_Timer ()

Form2.Data1.Recordset.AddNew

Form2.Data1.Recordset.Fields (0) = VOLTAGE1.Text

Form2.Data1.Recordset.Fields (1) = CURRENT1.Text

Form2.Data1.Recordset.Fields (2) = LIGHT.Text

Form2.Data1.Recordset.Fields (3) = POWER1.Text

Form2.Data1.Recordset.Fields (4) = VOLTAGE2.Text

Form2.Data1.Recordset.Fields (5) = CURRENT2.Text

Form2.Data1.Recordset.Fields (6) = WIND.Text

Form2.Data1.Recordset.Fields (7) = POWER2.Text

Form2.Data1.Recordset.Fields (8) = NETP.Text

Form2.Data1.Recordset.Fields (9) = Date

Form2.Data1.Recordset.Fields (10) = Time

Form2.Data1.Recordset.Update

Form2.Data1.Refresh

End Sub

3. RESULTS & DISCUSSIONS

3.1. Hybrid Power Generation

Figure 6 Test Results of Hybrid Power Generation



The test results show the optimization and efficiency of power quality using hybrid power

generation. Using coding we tested the relation between voltage and current in hybrid power

generation technology. From this relation of voltage and current, net power was generated and

calculated.

3.2. Hardware Kit

Control Kit Hybrid Kit

Hybrid & Control Kit

Figure 7

4. CONCLUSIONS

This paper approaches on the action of adding energy storage to power electronic

compensators for utility applications. The experimental results performed with these systems

such as Battery energy storage, custom power, flexible ac transmission systems flywheel

energy device, high voltage dc transmission (HVDC), hyper capacitor, power electronics,

super capacitor, superconducting magnetic energy storage, ultra-capacitor resulted in getting

the real net power.

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DESIGN OF WIND SOLAR AND PUMPED- STORAGE HYBRID …€¦ · Design of Wind Solar and Pumped-Storage...

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