EXTRACTION OF ESSENTIAL OIL EUCALYPTUS CTRIODORA AND ITS ANALYSIS

CONTENTS INTRODUCTION EUCALYPTUS OIL PRODUCTION OF EUCALYPTUS OR ESSENTIAL OIL PRODUCTION OF EUCALYPTUS OIL BY MICROWAVE EXPERIMENTAL SETUP FACTOR DETERMINING THE QUALITY OF STEAM DISTILLED

EUCALYPTUS OIL DESIGNING OF SIMPLE STEAM DISTILLATION REACTOR USES OF ESSENTIAL OIL DANGER IN USING ESSENTIAL OIL ANALYSIS OF ESSENTIAL OIL GC – MS SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM CONCLUSION

INTRODUCTION An essential oil is a concentrated hydrophobic

liquid containing volatile aroma compounds from plants. Essential oils are also known as volatile oils, ethereal oils, or simply as the "oil of" the plant from which they were extracted, such as oil of clove . The oils normally bear the name of the plant species from which they are derived. Here we produce essential oil through a leaf called eucalyptus leafs through simple steam distillation, hydrodistillation and through microwave.

EUCALYPTUS OIL Apart from essential oils used mainly in foods,

the best-known essential oil worldwide might be eucalyptus oil, produced from the leaves of Eucalyptus . Steam-distilled eucalyptus oil is used throughout Asia, Africa, Latin America and South America as a primary cleaning/disinfecting agent ; it also possesses insect and limited vermin control properties. Note, however, there are hundreds of species of eucalyptus, and perhaps some dozens are used to various extents as sources of essential oils

PRODUCTION OF EUCALYPTUS OIL

Steam distillation, the most common method of Eucalyptus oil production, involves the flow of steam into a chamber holding the raw plant material. The steam causes small sacs containing essential oil to burst. The oil is then carried by the steam out of the chamber and into a chilled condenser, where the steam once again becomes water. (Hydro-distillation is a similar process where the plant material is boiled, with the resultant steam being captured and condensed).  The oil and water are then separated; the water, referred to as a 'hydrosol', can be retained as it will have some of the plant essence

Production of eucalyptus oil by microwave

The eucalyptus leaves were properly cleaned and chopped in to 1-2 cm. long pieces.Before extraction of essential oil plant was stored in shade with limited air circulation and for three different drying durations. The moisture lost during 24 hour was 9-10 % . A 100g of sample was placed in reactor with 1:2 (w/v) ratio of plant to water. The runs were taken at three different. levels of time and microwave power. Light yellow colored oil, with a lemon like odor, was obtained which was separated and dried over the minimum amount of anhydrous sodium sulfate to remove traces of moisture.The percentage oil yield is obtained by mass of extracted oil divided by mass of sample multiply by 100.

Exprimental setup

Process design

Factors determining the quality of steam distilled eucalyptus oil

  Aside from the plant material itself, most important are time, temperature and pressure, and the quality of the distillation equipment. Essential oils are very complex products; each is made up of many, sometimes hundreds, of distinct molecules which come together to form the oil's aroma and therapeutic properties. Some of these molecules are fairly delicate structures which can be altered or destroyed by adverse environmental conditions

Advantages of steam distillation reactor

The advantage of Steam Distillation is that it is a relatively cheap process to operate at a basic level, and the properties of oils produced by this method are not altered.

Steam distillation is a special type of distillation or a separation process for temperature sensitive materials like oils, resins, hydrocarbons, etc. which are insoluble in water and may decompose at their boiling point.

Designing of simple steam reactor

SPECIFICATION

Height of tank– 18inchDia of tank -- 12 inchHeight of jar -- 12inchDia of jar -- 9.5inchDia of outlet -- 7inch

pipe dia of inlet -- 3/2inch pipe

Uses of essential oil essential oil is used in aromatherapy essenial oil is used in pharmacitical essential oil is used as a repellent and

biopesticide essential oil is used as a fuel

Dangers in using essential oil The potential danger of an essential oil

is generally relative to its level or grade of purity. Many essential oils are designed exclusively for their aroma-therapeutic quality; these essential oils generally should not be applied directly to the skin in their undiluted or "neat" form. Some can cause severe irritation, provoke an allergic reaction and, over time, prove toxic.

Analysis of Essential Oils Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS)

is a method that combines the features of gas-liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry to identify different substances within a test sample. Applications of GC-MS include drug detection, fire investigation, environmental analysis, explosives investigation, and identification of unknown samples. Additionally, it can identify trace elements in materials that were previously thought to have disintegrated beyond identification

GC-MS schematic diagram

CONCLUSIONS

Steam distillation method was found to be one of the promising techniques for the extraction of Essential Oil from plants as this process will preserve the original qualities of the plant.

Volume of Essential Oil increases with increase in temperature by keeping time of heating as constant.

Volume of Essential Oil increases with increases in time of heating keeping the temperature constant.

Analysis using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer was found to be the best method to identify even the minor components of particular oil along with major components.

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