Design of a Water Supply and Distribution System for Northville 9

8/9/2019 Design of a Water Supply and Distribution System for Northville 9

1/187

Design of Water Supply and Distribution System for Northville 9

Del Mundo, Neil Rusty V.Fatalla, Jayvee C.

Noveda, Rudy Kim M.Orgimen, Evelyn B.

Te!nologial "nstitute o# t!e $!ili%%ines&ue'on City

()*+


2/187

Approval Sheet

T!e design %roet entitled -ater /u%%ly and Distri0ution /ystem #or Nort!ville 1- %re%ared 0y Neil RustyV. del Mundo, Jayvee C. Fatalla, Rudy Kim M. Noveda, and Evelyn B. Ogrimen o# t!e Civil EngineeringDe%artment 2as e3amined and evaluated 0y t!e mem0ers o# /tudent Design Evaluation $anel, and is!ere0y reommended #or a%%roval.

Engr. Ronnie C. Estores CE $roet 4dviser

Engr. 4llan B. Benogsudan C!air


3/187

Table of Contents5"/T OF F"67RE/............................................................................................................................................8

C!a%ter *9 $roet Ba:ground..................................................................................................................;

*.( $roet O0etives...................................................................................................................................<

*.(.* 6eneral o0etive9...........................................................................................................................<

*.(.( /%ei#i o0etives9..........................................................................................................................=

*.> T!e Client................................................................................................................................................=

*.+ $roet /o%e and 5imitations................................................................................................................=

*.+.* /o%e..............................................................................................................................................=

*.+.( 5imitations.......................................................................................................................................=

*.8 $roet Develo%ment..............................................................................................................................=

C!a%ter (9 Design "n%uts............................................................................................................................1

(.* $reliminary Re%ort..................................................................................................................................1

(.*.* To%ogra%!y....................................................................................................................................*)

(.*.( E3isting ater /u%%ly 4rrangement.............................................................................................*)

(.*.> Need #or t!e $roet......................................................................................................................**

(.( $roet 5ayout.......................................................................................................................................*(

(.( /oures.................................................................................................................................................*+

(.(.* 6round2ater soure..........................................................................................................................*+

(.(.*.* ater &uality..............................................................................................................................*+

(.(.*.( $osition o# t!e #aility.................................................................................................................*+

(.(.( /ur#ae 2ater soure.........................................................................................................................*8

(.(.(.* ater &uality..............................................................................................................................*8

(.(.(.( $osition o# t!e #aility.................................................................................................................*8

C!a%ter >9 Constraints, Trade?o##s and /tandards...................................................................................*<

>.* Design Constraints...............................................................................................................................*<

>.*.* Eonomi @CostA............................................................................................................................*<

>.*.( /ustaina0ility @Consistent /u%%lyA................................................................................................*<

>.( Trade?o##s..............................................................................................................................................*<

>.(.* Ra2 Designers Ran:ing...............................................................................................................*=

>.(.( "nitial Verdit..................................................................................................................................(+

>.> Design /tandards.................................................................................................................................(8

C!a%ter +9 Design o# /truture.................................................................................................................(;


4/187

+.* Met!odology.........................................................................................................................................(;

+.( 6eneral Design $roess.......................................................................................................................(;

+.> Trade o## 0ased on t!e design o# /oure.............................................................................................(<

+.>.* Design on 6round2ater................................................................................................................(<

+.>.( Design on /ur#ae ater..............................................................................................................>(+.+ Validation o# Eonomi and /ustaina0ility Constraints........................................................................>8

+.+.* Estimate Base on Eonomi.........................................................................................................>8

+.+.( Estimate Base on Eonomi.........................................................................................................>;

+.8 "n#luene o# Multi%le onstraints, standards and trade?o##s in t!e #inal design....................................>=

+.8.* ater /u%%ly /oure9 6round 2ater and /ur#ae 2ater..............................................................>1

+.8.( Distri0ution /ystem9 5oo% /ystem and Com0ination o# 5oo% and Bran! /ystem.....................>1

C4$TER 89 Final Design........................................................................................................................++

Re#erenes9.....................................................................................................................................................+;4%%endies......................................................................................................................................................+<

4%%endi3 49 Design Criteria........................................................................................................................+=

4%%endi3 B9 Codes and Notations.............................................................................................................+1

R7R45 4TER /7$$5 DE/"6N M4N745 VO57ME ".....................................................................+1

4%%endi3 C9 Com%utation o# $o%ulation and Demand..............................................................................8;

4%%endi3 D9 Manual Com%utation o# Dis!arge using ardy?Cross Met!od............................................8<

4%%endi3 E9 Manual Com%utation o# Dis!arge using Nodal Met!od.......................................................;*

4%%endi3 F9 Com%utation 7sing E%anet....................................................................................................;>6round2ater...........................................................................................................................................;>

/ur#ae ater.........................................................................................................................................11

4%%endi3 69 $i%e 4ssignment..................................................................................................................*>1

6round2ater.........................................................................................................................................*>1

/ur#ae 2ater.......................................................................................................................................*+*

4%%endi3 9 Estimate o# /oure..............................................................................................................*+>

6roundater........................................................................................................................................*+>

/ur#ae ater.......................................................................................................................................*++4%%endi3 "9 Estimate o# Distri0ution.........................................................................................................*+8

5oo% /ystem........................................................................................................................................*+8

Com0ination o# 5oo% and Bran! /ystem...........................................................................................*+;

4%%endi3 J9 ater &uality Test................................................................................................................*+<

6round ater.......................................................................................................................................*+


5/187

/ur#ae ater.......................................................................................................................................*+<

4%%endi3 K9 Ot!er Figures.......................................................................................................................*+=

$reliminary Re%ort...............................................................................................................................*+=

4%%endi3 59 E%anet..................................................................................................................................*+1

Desri%tion...........................................................................................................................................*+1Ca%a0ilities...........................................................................................................................................*+1

4%%liations..........................................................................................................................................*8)

Re#erene.............................................................................................................................................*8)

LIST OF FI!"#STa0le (?*9 $um%ing Rates o# $um%ing /tations.............................................................................................**Ta0le >?*9 Ra2 Designers Ran:ing @ater /oure9 6round2ater 4gainst /ur#ae aterA..........................*=Ta0le >?(9 Ra2 Designers Ran:ing @ater Distri0ution9 5oo% system and t!e om0ination o# loo% and0ran! systemA................................................................................................................................................(*Ta0le >?>9 "nitial estimate o# 5oo% /ystem material osts..............................................................................(*Ta0le >?+9 "nitial estimate o# Com0ination o# system material osts...............................................................((Ta0le >?89 "nitial estimate o# 5oo% /ystem material osts..............................................................................((Ta0le >?;9 "nitial estimate o# Com0ination o# system material osts...............................................................((Ta0le >?Ta0le >?19 "nitial estimate o# 5oo% /ystem sustaina0ility osts.......................................................................(+Ta0le >?*)9 "nitial estimate o# Com0ination o# system sustaina0ility osts.....................................................(+Ta0le +?*9 Designers ran:ing #or ater su%%ly soure..................................................................................>8Ta0le +?(9 Estimate o# 6round2ater @EonomiA............................................................................................>8Ta0le +?>9 Estimate o# /ur#ae 2ater @EonomiA..........................................................................................>8Ta0le +?+9 Estimate o# 6round2ater @/ustaina0ilityA......................................................................................>;Ta0le +?89 Estimate o# /ur#ae 2ater @/ustaina0ilityA.....................................................................................>;Ta0le +?;9 Designers ran:ing #or distri0ution system......................................................................................><Ta0le +?<Ta0le +?=9 /ustaina0ility o# distri0ution system in sur#ae 2ater soure........................................................>=Ta0le )?*9 Final Dis!arge on ea! $i%es......................................................................................................8<Ta0le )?(9 /olution on Com%utation o# Dis!arges........................................................................................8=Ta0le )?>9 /olution on Com%utation o# Dis!arge @(nd Distri0utionA.............................................................81Ta0le )?+9 Com%utation on $i%e Dis!arges..................................................................................................;*Ta0le )?89 Demand #or Nort!ville 1 @6round 2ater ? 5oo% /ystemA...............................................................;+Ta0le )?;9 Ta0ulation o# Com%uted Veloities #or Nort!ville 1 @6round2ater 5oo% /ystemA.........................


6/187

Ta0le )?*>9 Ta0ulated Veloties #or Nort!ville 1 @/ur#ae 2ater ? Com0ined /ystemA.................................*(1Ta0le )?*+9 Ta0ilation o# eadloss #or Nort!ville 1 @/ur#ae 2ater ? Com0ined /ystemA............................*>+Ta0le )?*89 $i%es Running on Road 5ots #or 5oo% /ystem on 6round2ater..............................................*>1Ta0le )?*;9 $i%es Running on 4lleys............................................................................................................*>1Ta0le )?*9 6round2ater as /oure Estimate..............................................................................................*+>Ta0le )?(+9 /ur#ae 2ater as /oure Estimates...........................................................................................*++Ta0le )?(89 Distri0ution /ystem using 5oo% Estimates................................................................................*+8Ta0le )?(;9 Distri0ution /ystem using Com0ination Estimates....................................................................*+;


7/187

$%A&T#" '( &"O)#$T *A$+"O!ND

',' The &ro-e.t

T!e %roet is a design o# 2ater su%%ly and distri0ution system. "t is loated in su0division o# eritage

omes, Meyauayan, Bulaan. T!e designers goal is to design a 2ater su%%ly and distri0ution system

2!i! 2ill 0e a0le to e##iiently sustain t!e everyday 2ater su%%ly needs o# t!e #uture residents sine t!eir

means o# su%%ly are t!roug! s!allo2 2ells and 2ater su%%ly tru:s only. T!e ommunity is o2ned 0y t!e

Munii%ality o# Meyauayan, Bulaan.

T!e ommunity !as a total area o# 8+, >*( suare meters. 4 total o# ;>* units. T!e residential %iee o# land

inludes amenities li:e elementary s!ool, !ur!, military am% and 0arangay !all. 4ll units are assumed

to 0e residential so t!e %roet is intended only to design t!e 2ater su%%ly and distri0ution system #or

domesti use and s!all t!ere#ore on#orm to t!e standards stated 2it!in t!e governing Codes o# t!e

$!ili%%ines in relation to 2ater su%%ly and distri0ution system.

T!e designer onsider multi%le onstraints su! as eonomial and sustaina0ility in order #or t!em to

satis#y 2!at t!e lient 2ants. T!e lient is onerned a0out t!e duration so t!at t!e residents 2ill not 0e

!aving a !ard time in t!eir 2ater su%%ly. /everal ste%s 2ere e3eute t!at on#orms to t!e odes and t!e

standards. Trade? o##s 2ere %rovided in t!e design so t!at t!e designer must :no2 2!at to onsider.


8/187


9/187

Figure *?*. /ite Develo%ment $lan

',/ &ro-e.t Ob-e.tives

T!e design team #or t!e 2ater su%%ly and distri0ution system #or t!e %roet, eritage omes,

Meyauayan, Bulaan, aims to a!ieve t!e #ollo2ing o0etives9

6ENER45

T!e design %roet is intended to %rovide t!e students t!e :no2ledge and s:ills o# ma:ing use o#

ydrology and ydrauli $rini%les to design a 2ater su%%ly and distri0ution system 2!i! 2ill 0e

a0le to e##iiently sustain t!e everyday 2ater su%%ly needs o# t!e target onsumers.

/$EC"F"C

Design a detailed 2ater su%%ly and distri0ution system t!at aters to t!e reuired 2ater uantity

demand o# t!e ommunity @onsidering t!e #uture demand due to %o%ulation gro2t!A in aordane2it! t!e odes and standards.

To evaluate t!e in#luene o# t!e multi%le onstraints 2!i! is t!e demand o# t!e lient toget!er 2it!

t!e trade? o##s, odes and standards t!at is used t!at 2ill ome u% 2it! t!e most eonomial design.

$rovide t!e estimated ost o# t!e %roet to see t!at t!e design is eonomially reasona0le.

',0 The $lient

T!e lient o# t!e %roet is t!e Barangay /an "sidro, City o# /an Jose Del Monte Bulaan loated at t!e #ar

end o# t!e ity t!at almost 0ordering t!e Ri'al $rovine @%artiularly Rodrigue', Ri'alA !eaded 0y Barangay

C!airman Marial 6. 6anna0an.

',1 &ro-e.t S.ope and Limitations

T!e design team s!all %rovide and #ous only on t!e #ollo2ing stated 0elo29

Design 2it! aordane 2it! t!e odes and standards.

4 detailed design and %lan layout resulted #rom trade? o##s to %rovide t!e 0est engineering solution #or

t!e 2ater develo%ment system u%on t!e lients a%%roval.

Detailed strutural layout o# t!e layered materials using E$4NET. /trategi %lanning o# t!e layout o# t!e 2ater %i%elines #rom t!e nearest soure to t!e individual

!ouse!olds %resented 0y a detailed dra2ing.

Estimated ost and uantity o# materials to 0e used in t!e design inluding man%o2er and onstrution

s!eduling.

T!e #ollo2ing s!all not 0e overed 0y t!e servies o# t!e design team9


10/187

Cone%tuali'ationConsideration o#Multi%le

Constraints, Tradeo##s and /tandards

Design /!emeFinal Design

Out%ut

Condut t!e 0ateriologial testing o# 2ater.

"ns%et and %rovide t!e uality o# materials reuired #or t!e #inal design.

',2 &ro-e.t Development

T!e design %roet !as undergo various %!ases as s!o2n in Figure *?(. T!e %roet started 2it! t!e

one%tuali'ation o# t!e struture inluding t!e %i%elines, storage and ot!ers so t!at 2e an 0e a0le to

visuali'e t!e design struture. Follo2ed 0y t!e identi#iation o# su! onstraints li:e eonomi, sustaina0ility

et. t!at 2ill a##et t!e design o# t!e struture. On t!e ot!er !and, t!e designer %ro%ose a trade?o##s 2!erein

2e an 0e a0le to !oose t!e more a%%ro%riate in our design. T!en evaluation o# t!e multi%le onstraints

and trade?o##s and design standards on t!e #inal design so t!at t!e design 2ill 0e orret. "n seleting t!e

0est system #or t!e design %roet, t!e designer om%ared trade?o##s 2it! multi%le onstraints and use

engineering %ratie to measure su! %er#ormane.


11/187

Figure *?(. $roet Develo%ment Flo2!art

$%A&T#" /( D#SIN IN&!TS AND STANDA"DS

/,' Des.ription of the Stru.ture

T!e munii%ality o# Meyauayan is loated at t!e Nort!east %ortion o# Manila. "t is 0ounded 0y t!e

munii%alities o# /ta. Maria and Marilao to t!e 2est and Nor'agaray to t!e nort!, all o# Bulaan,

munii%ality o# Rodrigue', Ri'al to t!e sout!east, and t!e ities o# &ue'on and Calooan to t!e sout!. T!e

City is a%%ro3imately +( :ilometres a2ay #rom Manila.


12/187

Figure (?*. 5oation o# t!e $roet

(Source: Google Earth)

T!e #ollo2ing #igures, ta0les and illustrations 0elo2 2ill s!o2 t!e te!nial as%ets to 0e onsidered in t!edesign on#igurations. T!is %ortion 2ill desri0e and %rovide t!e needed #ats to 0e deli0erated 0y t!e

design team in order to esta0lis! a design #it #or t!e ondition and environment o# t!e loation. T!is

inludes t!e site develo%ment o# t!e loation, elevation ma%, 'oning ma%, 0oundary ma%, land use,

%ossi0le 2ater soures, soil !arateristis, slo%e ma% and most es%eially t!e demogra%!y or t!e num0er

o# %o%ulation.

/,',' #levation 3ap


13/187

Figure (?(. Elevation Ma% o# Bulaan

/,',/ Need for the &ro-e.t

T!e ommunity is urrently using a ommunal #auet as t!eir soure o# 2ater. T!e ommunal #auet is t!e

immediate ation o# t!e 2ater distrit #or t!e sudden unsuita0ility o# t!e 2ater oming #rom t!e 0uilt artesian2ells #or domesti 2ater use. "t is onneted #rom t!e loo%ed 2ater line outside t!e ommunity. Figures ont!e %reliminary re%ort o# t!e loation are %resented in 4%%endi3 K.

T!e area to 0e served is a0out *(=,)1) s. m. T!e %o%ulation ounts a0out =,*( G + H 0ased on t!e !omeo2ners o# t!e said loation.


14/187


15/187

/,/,',' Water 6uality

4 test #or t!e uality o# 2ater is reuired #or setting u% as soure o# %ota0le 2ater. For t!e Nort!ville 1ground 2ater uality test, t!e result s!o2ed t!at t!e ground2ater is %ossi0le to 0e used as 2ater #ordomesti uses. T!e 2ater uality result is atta!ed in 4%%endi3 ".

/,/,',/ &osition of the fa.ility

T!e ground 2ater soure t!at 2ill 0e designed #or t!e Nort!ville 1 is to 0e loated at an o%en lot, merely att!e enter o# t!e ommunity as s!o2n in Figure (?8. T!e o%en lot is loated 0eside t!e entral s!oolinside Nort!ville 1 and surrounded 0y !ouses.

Figure /4/( Lo.ation of the &roposed &umping Station for Northville 9


16/187

Figure /40( &umping Station for the Well 7perspe.tive8

/,/,/ Surfa.e 5ater sour.e

For t!e develo%ment o# t!e 2ater soure using sur#ae 2ater, it 2ill also 0e in aordane to t!e standardset 0y 574, NRB toget!er 2it! t!e CD. "n ado%ting sur#ae 2ater t!e 4ngat River is used sine it isnear t!e loation, s!o2n in Figure (?


17/187

Figure /41( Lo.ation of the &roposed Water Fa.ility for Northville 9

Figure /42( Water Fa.ility for Northville 9 7perspe.tive8

$hapter '( $onstraints Trade4offs and Standards


18/187

0,' Design $onstraints

4 onstraint is a ondition t!at a solution to a %ro0lem must satis#y. "t is also t!e %ossi0le #ators t!at ana##et and limit t!e %roet design, t!ese onstraints are al2ays %resent in any %roets, 0ut not allonstraints a##et t!e %roet all at t!e same time, it may 0e onsidered 0ased on di##erent situation or %lot.

Constrains 0egan to arise 0eause o# ertain t!ings a %roet is su0eted to. "t may 0e in t!e eonomi,environmental, ultural, soietal, soial, %olitial, et!ial and %ro#essional, !ealt! and sa#ety, andmanu#atura0ility and sustaina0ility.

0,',' #.onomi. 7$ost8,

"n t!e design and onstrution o# ommunity 2ater systems, eonomis are e3tremely im%ortant. T!isditates t!at t!e soure o# su%%ly s!ould 0e seleted so t!at little maintenane #or t!e o%erational #ators2ill 0e reuired to #urnis! an adeuate su%%ly o# 2ater to t!e ommunity.

Eonomi onstraint !as a great e##et on t!e designing o# 2ater su%%ly toget!er 2it! its distri0ution. T!e

design om%rises 0et2een t!e t2o soure o# 2ater su%%ly 2!i! is @*A 6round ater and @(A /ur#aeater. "n onsidering t!e ground 2ater as soure t!e ost o# onstrution #or 2ell and %um%ing stationtoget!er 2it! distri0ution line is integrated as %er t!e /ur#ae ater t!e ost #or o%eration @treatment and%i%e linesA.

it! res%et to t!e distri0ution system t!e t2o systems 2ill 0e designed and onsidered as a trade?o##design and om%are 2!i! is more eonomial #or t!e @*A distri0ution 2it! loo% system and @(A t!eom0ination o# loo% and 0ran!ed system. T!e t2o 2ould 0e estimated in terms o# ost o# onstrutionand o%eration.

0,',/ Sustainability 7$onsistent Supply8,

T!e $roet design must meet t!e demand or t!e #lo2 on ea! %i%e t!at 2ould sustain t!e demand andsu%%ly %attern. "n t!e design a %um% is introdued as a medium to sustain t!e #lo2 in ea! %i%e t!at isneeded. $um% is introdued in 0ot! 6round2ater and /ur#ae ater 2!i! is t!e soure do2n to t!edesign distri0ution system 2!i! is t!e loo%

0,/ Trade4offs

4 trade?o##, 0y de#inition, is an e3!ange t!at ours as a om%romise. T!e trade?o## is used as asystemati a%%roa! to deide on 2!at solution to a%%ly #or t!e onstraints t!at !ad 0een identi#ied on t!e%roet design.

T!e om%utation #or t!e ra2 designers ran:ing is %resented on t!e a%%endi3 %ortion o# t!is %roet design.T!e om%utation on t!e eonomi on#ormane to t!e riteria is 0ased on t!e ost estimate %rodued int!e design #rom a ertain trade?o## and sustaina0ility onstraint 2ill 0e 0ased on t!e onsisteny 0ased ont!e on#ormane 2it! t!e demand and su%%ly %attern. T!e over?all ran: is t!e sum total o# t!e %roduts#rom t!e magni#iation o# t!e riteria and t!e on#ormane o# ea! trade?o##.


19/187

0,/,' "a5 Designers "an:ing

7sing t!e model on trade?o## strategies in engineering design @Otto I 4ntonson, *11*A, t!e im%ortane o#ea! riterion @on sale o# ) to 8, 8 2it! t!e !ig!est im%ortaneA 2as assigned and ea! design

met!odologys a0ility to satis#y t!e riterion @on a sale #rom ?8 to 8, 8 2it! t!e !ig!est a0ility to satis#y t!eriterionA 2as li:e2ise ta0ulated. T!e designers om%uted t!e a0ility to satis#y t!e riterion using t!is%roedure.

Com%utation o# ran:ing #or a0ility to satis#y riterion o# materials9

PERCENT DIFFERENCE=( HIGHER VALUE− LOWERVALUE )

GOVERNING VALUE E&. >.*

SUBORDINATE RANK =GOVERNING RANK −( DIFFERENCE ) ×10 E&. >.(

T!e governing ran: is t!e su0etive !oie o# t!e designer. "n assigning t!e value #or t!e riterionsim%ortane and t!e a0ility to satis#y t!e riterion, t!e designers 2ould su0etively !oose any desiredvalue. T!is su0etive value de%ends on t!e initial estimate, say #or eonomi riterion, 2!i! t!e designeran initially selet. T!e su0ordinate ran: in E. >.( is a varia0le t!at orres%onds to its %erentage distane#rom t!e governing ran: along t!e ran:ing sale.

Figure 04;( "an:ing S.ale for &er.ent Differen.e

4s s!o2n in Figure >.* t!e distane is determined 0y multi%lying t!e %erentage di##erene 0y t!e num0ero# sale t!at is *). T!e %rodut 2ill 0e t!e num0er o# strideinterval #rom t!e governing value.

Table 04'( "a5 Designer

http://www.design.caltech.edu/Research/Publications/90e.pdfhttp://www.design.caltech.edu/Research/Publications/90e.pdfhttp://www.design.caltech.edu/Research/Publications/90e.pdf


20/187

"n Ta0le >?*, t!e designers set t!e riterions im%ortane #or t!e eonomi onstraints @ostA as #ive @8A 2it!t!e reason t!at t!e ost #or t!e design is mu! o0served. "n sustaina0ility @onsisteny o# su%%lyA it is ran:as #our @+A 0eause t!e onsisteny o# su%%lying 2ater demand is also 0een o0served. T!e eonomionstraints are mu! em%!asi'ed 0y t!e designer due to t!e lients reuest rat!er t!an t!e sustaina0ility

onstraints o# t!e design.

Eonomi @CostA

Based on t!e ta0le s!o2n @Ta0le >?*A t!e initial result #or t!e ra2 ran:ings 0ased on trade?o## 2it! res%etto eonomi onstraints, t!e design o# ground 2ater as soure dominates 2it! t!e initial estimate on t!eta0le 0elo2 t!e ost o# 2ell onstrution is mu! !ea%er om%ared to t!e sur#ae 2ater 2!i! is t!e river.

T!e seletion #inal design 2it! res%et to t!e trade?o## 2ould 0e 0ased on t!e osts on 2!i! design is!ea%er to onstrut. T!e ost inludes t!e materials and ot!er related %arameters o# t!e design. T!e t2odesigns 2ould 0e again validated on t!e #ollo2ing !a%ter.

/ustaina0ility @Consisteny o# t!e su%%lyA

4s s!o2n in t!e ta0le a0ove initially t!e ground 2ater !as a a%aity o# satis#ying t!e variation o# t!edemand %attern 0y t!e use o# a su0mersi0le %um%. T!e %um% is integrated 2it! its ost 2it! res%et to its%um%ing rate. "n t!e initial ran:ing t!e use o# su0mersi0le %um% installed in ground 2ater 2ell at a given%um% rate t!at an satis#y t!e 2ater demand is mu! less ostly t!an t!e ot!er %um% initially.

0,/,',' Initial estimates of the design sour.e based on #.onomi. .onstraints 7$ost8(

Ta0le9 "nitial estimate o# t!e ground 2ater design

Sour.e $ost per $onstru.tion per 5ell

6round ater '=======,==

Ta0le9 "nitial estimate o# t!e sur#ae 2ater designSour.e $ost per $onstru.tion7treatment fa.ility8

River '/======,==

Com%utation #or t!e Designers ran:ing @Eonomi9 /ur#ae aterA

ig!er ost value9 /ur#ae ater L *(,))),))).))5o2er ost value9 6round ater L *),))),))).))6overning ran: L 8

DIFFERENCE=(12,000,000−10,000,000 )

12,000,000=1.67


21/187

SUBORDINATE RANK =5−(1.67 )×10=3.33≈3

Figure 04>( &er.entage Differen.e Line raph for Sustainability( Surfa.e Water

0,/,',/ Initial estimates of the design sour.e based on Sustainability .onstraints 7$onsisten.y ofsupply8(

Ta0le9 "nitial estimate o# %um% ost 0ased on ground 2aterType 3aterial $osts

/u0mersi0le $um% ';====,==

Ta0le9 "nitial estimate o# %um% ost 0ased on sur#ae 2aterType 3aterial $osts

Booster $um% /==;==,==

Com%utation #or t!e Designers ran:ing @/ustaina0ility9 /ur#ae aterA

ig!er ost value9 /ur#ae ater L ()),;)).))5o2er ost value9 6round ater L *;),))),))).))6overning ran: L 8

DIFFERENCE=(200,600−160,000 )

200,600=20.23

SUBORDINATE RANK =5−(20.23 )×10=2.977≈ 2

Figure 04?( &er.entage Differen.e Line raph for Sustainability( Surfa.e Water


22/187

Table 04/( "a5 Designer

T!e ta0le a0ove s!o2s t!at t!e designers em%!asi'ed t!e eonomi onstraints in designing t!edistri0ution system 0y setting t!e riterions im%ortane as #ive @8A. T!e designers aim t!at t!e design iseonomially !ea%er t!an t!e ot!er. On t!e ot!er !and t!e sustaina0ility o# t!e designs !as anot!erim%ortane 2it! t!e designers. T!e sustaina0ility o# t!e designs also a##ets t!e ost o# t!e design t!at is2!y t!e designers tend to ran: it as #our @+A.

Eonomi @CostA

Based in t!e ta0le a0ove as initial estimates t!e loo% system on 0ot! 2ater soures is mu! !ea%er invalue rat!er t!an t!e om0ination o# t!e t2o systems. 4ording to t!e initial estimates t!e material ostson om0ination o# t2o systems !as a great di##erene 2it! res%et to t!e loo% system. T!e initial estimates2ould 0e validated in t!e #ollo2ing !a%ters.

T!e %arameters in seleting t!e design 0ased on eonomi onstraints are t!e design t!at !as a lo2monetary value 2it! res%et to its materials and onstrution osts.

/ustaina0ility @Consisteny o# t!e su%%lyA

"n t!e result o# t!e initial estimates o# t!e distri0ution o# su%%ly system t!e loo% systems satis#y t!esustaina0ility onstraints o# t!e design regardless 2it! t!e rate o# %um% to 0e used and t!e osts o# t!e%um% to 0e used. T!e initial estimates 2ell t!en 0e validated to %rove t!e aut!entiation o# t!e result on t!e%revious !a%ter.

http://www.design.caltech.edu/Research/Publications/90e.pdfhttp://www.design.caltech.edu/Research/Publications/90e.pdfhttp://www.design.caltech.edu/Research/Publications/90e.pdf


23/187

0,/,',0 Initial estimates of the distribution system in ground 5ater based on #.onomi. .onstraints7$ost8(

Table 040( Initial estimate of Loop System material .osts

Type 3aterial $osts

5oo% /ystem 5ayout


24/187

Com0o /ystem 5ayout 1>+,)1;.=)

Com%utation #or t!e Designers ran:ing @Eonomi9 Com0ination o# system layoutA

ig!er ost value9 /ur#ae ater L 1>+,)1;.=)

5o2er ost value9 6round ater L =)>,8++.))6overning ran: L 8

DIFFERENCE=(934,096.80−803,544.00 )

803,544.00=1.62


Figure 04'=( &er.entage Differen.e Line raph for Sustainability( $ombination of System

0,/,',2 Initial estimates of the distribution system in ground 5ater based on Sustainability.onstraints 7.onsisten.y of supply8(

Table 04>( Initial estimate of Loop System sustainability .osts

Type 3aterial $osts

5oo% /ystem 5ayout 1+=,=(+.))

Table 04?( Initial estimate of $ombination of system sustainability .osts

Type 3aterial $osts

Com0o /ystem 5ayout *,)


25/187

Figure 04''( &er.entage Differen.e Line raph for Sustainability( $ombination of System0,/,',; Initial estimates of the distribution system in surfa.e 5ater based on Sustainability.onstraints 7.onsisten.y of supply8(

Table 049( Initial estimate of Loop System sustainability .osts

Type 3aterial $osts

5oo% /ystem 5ayout *,))+,*++.))

Table 04'=( Initial estimate of $ombination of system sustainability .osts

Type 3aterial $osts Com0o /ystem 5ayout *,*>+,;1;.))

Com%utation #or t!e Designers ran:ing @/ustaina0ility9 Com0ination o# system layoutA

ig!er ost value9 /ur#ae ater L *,*>+,;1;.))5o2er ost value9 6round ater L *,))+,*++.))6overning ran: L 8

DIFFERENCE=(1,134,696.00−1,004,144.00 )

1,004,144.00

=1.13


Figure 04'/( &er.entage Differen.e Line raph for Sustainability( $ombination of System

0,/,/ Initial @erdi.t

T!e result #rom t!e ra2 designers ran:ing 2ill 0e im%lemented in t!e onstrution o# t!e %ro%osed %roet.5oo:ing at t!e riteria o# t!e %roet, greater magni#iation is given to t!e eonomi, and #air im%ortane isgiven in t!e sustaina0ility onstraint o# t!e %roet. "t is 0eause o# t!e greater need o# lean 2ater #or!uman onsum%tion and it is t!e %rior onern o# t!e design, ust ne3t to it 2ill 0e t!e sustaina0ility o# t!edesign.


26/187

T!e loation is #ound 2it! t2o %otential soures, t!e ground 2ater and t!e sur#ae 2ater. 6round2atero#ten generally re#erred as 2ells 2!ile sur#ae 2ater are 0ody o# 2ater su! as river, la:es, streams andot!ers t!at sometimes an 0e man?made. T!e t2o are %resent 2it! t!e said loation, t!e availa0ility andt!e %ossi0ility to 0e used is also onsidered good #or su%%lying t!e loations in need.

Based on t!e data on ra2 designers ran:ing t!e designers 2ill ome u% 2it! t!e initial design t!at 2illgovern.T!e data a0ove !as 0een 0ased 2it! t!e onsideration o# multi%le onstraints t!at e##ets t!e design. "n t!edesign o# 2ater su%%ly as soure t!e ground 2ater ran:s !ig! 0ased on eonomi and sustaina0ility.!ereas in t!e distri0ution system t!e loo% system ran:s !ig! on 0ot! soures 2!i! is t!e ground 2aterand sur#ae 2ater in onsideration to multi%le onstraints set.

0,0 Design Standards

T!e %roet design is all a0out 2ater resoures engineering and is s%ei#ially %ro%osing a 2ater su%%ly

system 2!i! 2ill disseminate domesti 2ater on !ouse!olds o# a ertain area overed 0y t!e designedsystem. T!e design is 0ased on t!e t!ree @>A volumes o# t!e Rural ater /u%%ly Manuals9 Design Manual@Volume *A 2!i! introdues t!e :ey one%ts and onsiderations involved in t!e design o# small2ater2or:s #ailities, Constrution /u%ervision Manual @Volume (A 2!i! %resents t!e onsiderations,reuirements, and %roedures involved in su%ervising a 2ater2or:s %roet, and O%eration andMaintenane Manual @Volume >A 2!i! #ouses on t!e small 2ater system as a %u0li utility, and s!o2s!o2 to e##etively manage and sustaina0ly o%erate a small utility.

T!e ater Code o# t!e $!ili%%ines @$.D. *);


27/187

;. T!e NRB s!all #ormulate t!e guidelines, %roedures, %rograms, rules and regulations to im%lement t!e%oliies on 2ater resoures.

$hapter /( Design of Stru.ture

1,' 3ethodology

T!e 2ater su%%ly and distri0ution system 2as design in aordane 2it! t!e average daily demand at t!e

loation mentioned on %revious !a%ter. T!e 2ater su%%ly soure is design as ground2ater and sur#ae2ater. !ereas, t!e distri0ution lines is made u% o# $olyvinyl C!loride @$VCA %i%es and #ittings. T!edistri0ution system are design using t!e Nodal met!od and t!e ardy ross met!od 2it! t!e aide o#E$4NET. T!e design #or 0ot! su%%ly soure and distri0ution system is in aordane 2it! t!e Rural ater/u%%ly Manual as disussed on t!e %revious !a%ter.

1,/ eneral Design &ro.ess

T!e general design %roess is t!e design %roess t!at


28/187

Figure 14'0( Design &ro.ess1,0 Trade off based on the design of Sour.e

"n evaluating t!e onstraints set 0y t!e lient t!e designers ome u% 2it! t!e t2o soures o# 2ater su%%ly2!i! is availa0le on t!e loation, t!e 6round 2ater and t!e /ur#ae 2ater. Nort!ville 1 is adaent to 4ngatRiver. !ereas t!e availa0ility o# ground 2ater is in t!e loation is !ig!.

1,0,' Design on round5ater

T!e design o# 2ell t!at t!e designers im%lemented is a dee% 2ell s%ei#ially, a teleso%i ty%e o# 2ell2!i! is om%ose o# sreen, su0mersi0le %um% and motor and asing. T!e designers im%lement t!e saidty%e o# 2ell in order to satis#y t!e geote!nial %ro%erty o# t!e loation 2it!out om%romising t!e 2aterdistri0ution #or t!e end users. 4 !lorinator is installed along t!e %i%e 2!i! is serves as disin#etant andtreatment. Figure on t!e om%onents and design o# a 2ell is s!o2n on 4%%endi3.


29/187

T!e volume o# 2ater t!at 2ould %um% u% 0y t!e 2ell is 0ased on t!e om%uted demand as s!o2n inC!a%ter (. T!e rate o# t!e %um% is 0ased on t!e %um% urve @2e0siteA 2!i! an 0e de#ine using t!e %um%s%ei#iation. T!e designers om%ute t!e rate o# %um% 0y trial and error using E$4NET on 2!i! %um% rateis a%%ro%riate to sustain t!e %ea: and average daily demand at Nort!ville?1. T!e ydrauli 4nalysis #romt!e 2ell %um% to t!e %i%e lines and #inally to t!e end user is om%uted manually 0y t2o met!od 2!i! is t!e

nodal and !ardy ross and t!roug! t!e aide o# t!e om%uter so#t2are 2!i! is t!e E$4NET.

T!e integrity o# t!e ground 2ater uality toget!er 2it! ot!er oli#orms and minerals are tested as s!o2n in2ater uality test in C!a%ter (. T!e test is onduted in order to determine i# t!e ground 2ater is sa#e to use#or drin:ing as set as standard 0y t!e $N/D and in order to integrate t!e ost o# treatment t!at 2ouldta:e %lae. T!e #igure 0elo2 s!o2s t!e design o# ground 2ater 2ell t!at t!e designers ado%t.


30/187

Figure 14'1( &roposed Well Design


31/187

1,0,',' Design of Distribution System using Loop System for round5ater

For t!e design o# distri0ution system using loo% system t!e designers intended to use t!e #ollo2ingdiameter o# t!e %i%e in order to satis#y t!e in#lo2 G out#lo2 toget!er 2it! t!e dis!arge needed in everyta%%ing %oint o# t!e end users. T!e main line 2!i! is t!e ())mm %i%es are onneted t!roug! t!e

%um%ing station 2!ereas t!e ot!er %i%es are onneted using t!e reduer and valve in order to antii%atet!e %ro0a0le %ro0lems in lea:ing, logging and intrusion o# solids. Flus!ing %oint is installed at every end o#t!e %i%e in order to #lo2 o## t!e solid oli#orms and un2anted olor 2it!in t!e %i%e.

T!e designers did not inlude t!e layout #or t!e ta%%ing %oint #rom t!e mainline to t!e !ouse 0ut t!edesigners su0eted to use $VC %i%e as a ta%%ing to t!e end users. T!e designers use an antenna ty%eo# onnetion rom t!e mainline to t!e ta%%ing %oint. Belo2 is s!o2n t!e design o# distri0ution line #rom t!e%um% !ouse and t!e ta0ulated data on lengt!s o# %i%es %er Blo: and %er 4lley toget!er 2it! t!e %i%ediameter.

T!e #ollo2ing %lan in Figure +?+ s!o2s t!e distri0ution o# %i%es and #ittings 0ased on olor and legend. T!e

ta0ulated values o# t!e %i%es are listed in 4%%endi3 6.

1,0,',/ Design of Distribution System using the $ombination of Loop and *ran.h System forround5ater

For t!e design using t!e om0ination o# 5oo% and Bran! t!e designer #irst lassi#y t!e 0lo: t!at !as a lo2demand. On t!at %artiular 0lo: a Bran! ty%e o# system is used in order to avoid maor !ead loss t!atmay result 2it! lo2 dis!arge. Ea! end o# every 0ran! system !as an end a% in order to avoidun2anted lea:ing t!roug! ea! %i%es. Flus!ing %oint is also installed at ea! end o# %i%es 2it! t!e same%ur%ose as t!e %revious design. Reduer and valve is introdued at every interonnetion o# %i%es 2it!di##erent diameters. T!e mainline !as a diameter o# ())mm and interonneted on t!e %um% !ouse 2!ileot!er %i%es are interonneted to t!e mainline to t!e end users. Belo2 s!o2n t!e design #or t!eom0ination o# 5oo% and Bran! /ystem toget!er 2it! ot!er %i%es data.

T!e #ollo2ing %lan in Figure +?8 s!o2s t!e distri0ution o# %i%es and #ittings 0ased on olor and legend. T!eta0ulated values o# t!e %i%es are listed in 4%%endi3 6.


32/187


33/187


34/187

Figure 14'2( Looped System of &ipes for round5ater


35/187


36/187

Figure 14';( Loop 5ith *ran.h System Distribution of &ipes for round5ater1,0,/ Design on Surfa.e Water

For t!e design o# sur#ae 2ater t!e designer !oose to ta% 2ater #rom t!e adaent river using an o%en!annel 2!i! onnets t!e river and t!e reservoir. T!e designers use a su0mersi0le %um% #rom t!e

reservoir t!roug! t!e !lorinator do2n to t!e me!anial treatment. From me!anial treatment it 2ill #lo2t!roug! t!e istern and t!en %um% u% using 0ooster %um%. Bet2een t!e %i%es #rom t!e istern to t!e0ooster %um% a %ost !lorinator is introdued 0e#ore %um%ing out to t!e end user. T!e me!anialtreatment satis#y t!e area adaent to t!e river and t!e loation.

Figure 14'>( Water Fa.ility 7perspe.tive8

T!e designers also introdued a !e: valve, strainer, and valve and %ressure gage 0e#ore t!e

interonnetion o# t!e servie line t!roug! t!e sur#ae 2ater mainline. /trainer is introdued in order toavoid t!e intrusion o# un2anted solid t!roug! t!e servie line. !ereas, t!e %ressure gages is installed inorder to determine i# t!e 2ater an #lo2 t!roug!out t!e servie line o# NV1.

"n t!e design o# distri0ution system 0ot! o# t!e t2o is onsidered t!e 5oo% system and t!e Com0ination o#t!e 5oo% and Bran! system. T!e design o# %i%e is !e: using t!e so#t2are E$4NET. Belo2 s!o2n t!eDesign o# 2ater su%%ly using /ur#ae ater toget!er 2it! t!e distri0ution system using 5oo% /ystem andCom0ination o# 5oo% and Bran! /ystem.

1,0,/,' Design of Distribution System using Loop System

T!e #ollo2ing %lan in Figure +?; s!o2s t!e distri0ution o# %i%es and #ittings 0ased on olor and legend. T!eta0ulated values o# t!e %i%es are listed in 4%%endi3 6.

1,0,/,/ Design of Distribution System using the $ombination of Loop and *ran.hed

T!e #ollo2ing %lan in Figure +?< s!o2s t!e distri0ution o# %i%es and #ittings 0ased on olor and legend. T!eta0ulated values o# t!e %i%es are listed in 4%%endi3 6.


37/187


38/187

Figure 14'?( Loop System Distribution of &ipes for Surfa.e 5ater


39/187


40/187

Figure 14'9( Loop 5ith *ran.h System Distribution of &ipes for Surfa.e 5ater1,1 @alidation of #.onomi. and Sustainability $onstraints4#ter designing t!e trade?o## in !ere t!e designers validate t!ose designs in aordane 2it! t!e e##et o#multi%le onstraints. "n !ere t!e designers validate 0ased on t!e ra2 designers ran:ing as s!o2n in%revious !a%ter. T!e #inal design to 0e ado%t 0y t!e designer 2ould 0e 0ased on t!e result on t!e result o#

t!e validation t!at 2ill s!o2.

Table 14''( Designers ran:ing for Water supply sour.e

De.ision $riteria for

Se.tions

$riterion/;===,==

Table 14'0( #stimate of Surfa.e 5ater 7#.onomi.8

S!"FA$# WAT#"7#$ONO3I$8

I, 3ASON"B WO"+S >,8(>,=(>.++

II, $ONST"!$TION OF &!3& %O!S# 8>,)+).))

III, #L#$T"O43#$%ANI$AL #6!I&3#NTS +)1,)


41/187

5o2er ost value9 6round ater L 1,1/,11

1,2,',' $omputation for the Designers ran:ing 7#.onomi.( Surfa.e Water8

ig!er ost value9 /ur#ae ater L +)1,


42/187

6overning ran: L 8

Percen D!""erence=409,742.44−370,000.00

370,000.00 x10=1.07 roundup¿1.

SUBORDINATE RANK =5−1=4

T!e governing ran: is to 0e su0trated to %erent di##erene and t!en %lot 2it! t!e %erent di##erene linegra%! 2!i! is saled #rom ?8 to P8. 4s s!o2n in t!e #igure 0elo2.

Figure 14/'( &er.entage Differen.e Line raph for Sustainability( Surfa.e Water

Table 14';( Designers ran:ing for distribution system

De.ision $riteria for

Se.tions

$riterion( Sustainability of distribution system in ground 5ater sour.e

"O!ND WAT#"

LOO& SBST#3 $O3*INATION OF SBST#3S


43/187

D#S$"I&TION A3O!NT

D#S$"I&TIO

N A3O!NT

', &IS *(;;.1= ', &IS 8;=()(.8=(. $7M$/ (,(1,(8).8=

Com%utation #or t!e Designers ran:ing @Eonomi9 Com0ination o# /ystemsAig!er ost value9 5oo% /ystem L >,>(1,(8).8=5o2er ost value9 Com0ination o# /ystemsL (,*+.1=6overning ran: L 8

Percen D!""erence=3,329,250.58−2,762,314.98

2,762,314.98 x10=2.05 roundup¿2.

/u0ordinate Ran:9 8?( L >

Table 14'?( Sustainability of distribution system in surfa.e 5ater sour.eS!"FA$# WAT#"

LOO& SBST#3 $O3*INATION OF SBST#3S

D#S$"I&TION A3O!NT

D#S$"I&TIO

N A3O!NT

', &IS *,18=,+8;.>* ', &IS *,*>(,=;>.L (

1,2 Influen.e of 3ultiple .onstraints standards and trade4offs in the final design


44/187


45/187

T!e evaluation #or t!e t2o soures @ta0leA !as a ost di##erene o#*=;, ((;.(1 $!%. 2!i! is in #avor o#ground 2ater, T!e reason is t!at t!e sur#ae 2ater reuires a larger area #or t!e #aility om%ared 2it! t!e

ground 2ater. On t!e ot!er !and t!e design o# ground 2ater is a diret %um% system 2!i! means t!att!ere is no 0ooster %um% needed in 2!ere t!e sur#ae 2ater !as.

it! regard on t!e distri0ution system, 0ot! systems are estimated 0ased on ost 2it! res%et to its %i%ematerials, %i%e diameter and #ittings. "t !as 0een estimated 0ased on its design layout9 loo% system andom0ination o# t2o design systems 2!i! is t!e loo% and t!e 0ran! system. T!e di##erene in ost is t!e%lotted 0elo2.

Figure 14//( $ost Differen.e bet5een round5ater and Surfa.e 5ater


46/187

1

Loop System

Combination of Loop

and Branch System

Figure 14/0( Differen.e based on e.onomi. .onstraints in ground 5ater

1

Loop System

Combination of Loop

and Branch System

Figure 14/1( Differen.e based on e.onomi. .onstraints in surfa.e 5ater

4s s!o2n in t!e #igure a0ove t!e om0ination o# loo% and 0ran! system o0tains a lo2er ost rat!er t!an

t!e loo% system. T!e reason is t!at t!e loo% system !as a greater num0er o# %i%es rat!er t!an t!eom0ination o# loo% and 0ran!. 5oo% system %asses on ea! road 0lo:s in order to avoid !ead loss dueto its %arallel design o# %i%e and onnetions o# %i%es at ea! ends. Due to t!at design, t!e num0er o# %i%esand #ittings are greater in num0er rat!er t!an t!e om0ination o# t!e t2o systems.


47/187

1,2,/,/ Sustainability $onstraints

One o# t!e 0ases o# t!e designers in !oosing t!e #inal design is t!e sustaina0ility o# t!e design. T!e t2otrade?o##s on soure is %lotted 0ased on its sustaina0ility to meet t!e demand reuirement on ea! %i%es.T!e t2o is om%ared 0ased on t!e rate o# t!e %um% t!at is installed and t!en integrated 2it! t!e ost o# t!e

%um% t!at is installed.

Ground Water Surface Water

Figure 14/2( raph of t5o sour.es based on sustainability .onstraints

Based on t!e #igure a0ove t!e ground 2ater o0tains t!e lo2 value o# sustaina0ility t!at !as 0een integratedas ost. T!e reason is t!at t!e designers ada%t a design 2!i! is diret distri0ution ty%e o# 2ell at a %um%

rate o# *8) g%m. T!e ost still varies due to t!e t2o ty%e o# %um% installed in t!e sur#ae 2ater. "n t!edesign o# t!e sur#ae 2ater a su0mersi0le and 0ooster %um% is installed at a rate o# *; g%m and 1) g%mres%etively.

T!e t2o %um%s are integrated as ost and oined toget!er t!en om%ared to t!e ost o# a%um% installed in ground 2ater 2ell.

it! t!e aide o# t!e ra2 designers ran:ing and validations o# t!e t2o 2ater soure trade?o## t!e designers!as no2 a 0asis to 0e onsider on 2!at to ada%t in t!e #inal design o# 2ater su%%ly.


48/187

Loop System Loop and Branch

Figure 14/;( raph of t5o distribution system in ground 5ater and surfa.e 5ater based insustainability

5i:e2ise in t!e distri0ution system t!e designers om%ared its sustaina0ility 0ased on t!e rate o# t!e %um%itsel# toget!er 2it! t!e design layout o# ea! distri0ution system. T!e t2o systems 2ill 0e integrated 0asedon t!e ost o# %i%e and #ittings layout on ea! %i%e toget!er 2it! t!e rate o# t!e %um% installed on ea!distri0ution system. T!e #igure a0ove s!o2n t!e %lotted values in distri0ution system om%ared.

"n t!e gra%! a0ove, t!e verdit 0ased on estimates 2it! res%et to sustaina0ility o# t!e distri0ution system

design 2it! res%et to t!e ground 2ater t!e 0ot! systems are a%a0le in sustaining t!e demand %attern o#t!e loation. !ereas 2it! res%et to t!e osts integrated to its sustaina0ility design t!e use o# om0inationlayout !as less value in sur#ae 2ater as soure 2!ereas in ground 2ater as soure t!e design o# loo%system is a%%ro%riate design to meet t!e onstraints set.

To sum it u%, using ground 2ater as t!e 2ater soure is more eonomi #riendly om%ared to sur#ae 2ater0eause t!e latter reuires a larger area om%ared to t!e #ormer. "t also does not reuire a 0ooster %um%t!at 2ill !el% in lessening t!e ost.

it! regard to t!e distri0ution system, t!e om0ination o# loo% and 0ran!ed system is more eonomi#riendly om%ared to loo% system alone. Beause t!e loo% system 2ill reuire greater num0er o# %i%esom%ared to t!e om0ination o# loo% and 0ran!ed system. "t 2ill also !el% in avoiding !ead loss 0eauseo# t!e %arallel design o# %i%es and its onnetions.

!ile in terms o# sustaina0ility, 0ased on t!e gra%!s a0ove, it s!o2s t!at 0ot! t!e distri0ution systems area%a0le in sustaining t!e 2ater demand o# t!e loation.

T!e Trade?o##s in soure o# 2ater su%%ly and t!e trade?o## in distri0ution system !ave advantages anddisadvantages on 0ot! onstraints.


49/187

$%A&T#" 2( Final Design

4s disussed in t!e %revious !a%ter t!e design o# a 2ater su%%ly and distri0ution system must 0e in

aordane 2it! t!e multi%le onstraints, trade?o## and standards. 4#ter assessing t!e trade?o## 0ased onsoure and distri0ution system 2it! res%et on its eonomi and sustaina0ility onstraints and ran:ing it0ased on designers ra2 ran:ing t!e designers ome u% 2it! t!e #inal design to 0e im%lemented. Bot!designs @Design o# soure and design #or distri0ution systemA !ave satis#ied t!e onstraints and t!estandard set 0y t!e lient.

"n t!e design, t!e designers #ound out t!at t!e use o# ground 2ater as soure is more eonomial andsustaina0le #or t!e design %eriod o# #ive years. !ereas 2it! t!e design o# 2ater distri0ution system t!edesigners #ound out t!at t!e loo% system satis#ies more t!e onstraints set. T!e #inal design #or ground2ater as soure and om0ination o# loo% and 0ran! system as ty%e o# distri0ution system an 0e seen in4%%endi3 4 and in #igure and ta0le 0elo2.

it! res%et to t!e #igures and ta0les %rovided on t!e %revious !a%ter, it s!o2s t!at using ground 2ater ismore advisa0le to 0e used as t!e main 2ater soure o# Nort!ville 1 in terms o# ost. 4nd sine 0ot!distri0ution systems ould sustain t!e 2ater needs o# t!e ommunity, t!ere#ore, 2e onlude t!at t!eommunity ould use ground 2ater as t!eir main 2ater soure 2it! t!e use o# t!e loo% system as t!edistri0ution system sine 0ot! are satis#ying t!e eonomi and sustaina0ility riteria reuired #or t!eim%lementation o# t!is %roet design.

T!e ta0les and #igures a0ove !ave s!o2n t!e Final Design o# t!e ater /oure and t!e Distri0ution/ystem9Final Design #or ground 2ater as soure9


50/187

Figure 24'( $omponents and Design of a Well


51/187


52/187

Figure =4/>( round5ater design of pipes using Loop SystemTable =4'9( &ipes "unning on "oad Lots for Loop System on round5ater

"OAD LOT*LO$+

&IL#NT%7in linearmeters

Lm8

&I DIA3#T#"7in millimeters

mm8"OAD LOT*LO$+


Lm8


mm8

Road lot *Blo: ( ;> ()) Road lot *;Blo: +8 *;( *8)Road lot (Blo: 1 *(8 ()) Road lot *Blo: *) **8 ()) Road lot *=Blo: 8) ((= ())Road lot +Blo: *+ G *< *=+ *8) Road lot *1Blo: += G

+18( ())

Road lot 8Blo: *= (8 *8) Road lot ()Blo: 81 ((8 *8)Road lot ;Blo: *1 *== ()) Road lot (*Blo: 8* G

8==; *8)

Road lot *+; *))Road lot =Blo: (> ()< *8) Road lot (>Blo: ;( =) *8)Road lot 1Blo: < 1< *8) Road lot (+Blo: ;; *>= *))Road lot *)Blo: >* 11 *8) Road lot (8Blo: = *8)

Road lot **Blo: (= G >) *)+ *8) Road lot (;Blo: 8 G >< **( *8) Road lot (+ G >; *)) *8) Road lot (=Blo: )Blo: == *8= *))

Table =4/=( &ipes "unning on Alleys

ALL#B&I L#NT%

7in linear metersLm8


mm8ALL#B

&I L#NT%7in linear meters

Lm8


mm8

4lley * 1( *)) 4lley >) 8> < ( 1< * > 8< ; 1< < (=


53/187

ALL#B&I L#NT%



mm8ALL#B


Lm8


mm8

4lley (= >


54/187

-4not!er soure is t!e 6oogle Eart! @!tt%9eart!.google.omA internet site 2!i! ma:es it %ossi0le to vie2and %rint aerial images o# t!e area 0eing designed. 4side #rom t!e aerial images o# !ouses, streets, riversand ot!er o0ets, 6oogle Eart! also gives s%ot elevations.-

Appendi.es


55/187

AppendiE A( Design $riteria

4nne3 C, %g.()*, Design Criteria and /tandards

D#3AND &"O)#$TIONS', Design &eriod *) years/, 3inimum Demand ).> 4DD0, Average Day Demand 7ADD8 Design $o%ulation 3 %er a%ita onsum%tion* G NR

1, 3aEimum Day Demand 73DD8 *.> 4DD2, &ea: %our Demand 7&%D8 > 3 4DD #or *,))) served %o%ulation (.8 3 4DD #or S *,))) served %o%ulation

;, Non4"evenue Water *8H #or a ne2 system>, %ouseholds per &ubli. fau.et + G ; s

" $A&ITA WAT#" $ONS!3&TION', Level II 8) G ;) l%d/, Level III Domesti 9 =) G *)) l%d

"nstitutional 9 *.) m>day or atual Commerial 9 ).=) m>day or atual

D#SIN OF &!3&', &ump T%D De%t! o# $um%ing 2ater level P ma3imum reservoir !ig!

2ater level P #rition losses/, &ump $apa.ity Ma3 Day Demand o%erating !ours

D#SIN OF DIST"I*!TION SBST#3', 3inimum line pressure > meters/, 3aEimum line pressure .) ms Distri0ution $i%es L *.8 ms


56/187

AppendiE *( $odes and Notations

"!"AL WAT#" S!&&LB D#SIN 3AN!AL @OL!3# Iovernment and Other OrganiationsLW!A 5oal ater 7tilities 4dministration

NW"* National ater Resoures Board @#ormerly NRCANW"$ National ater Resoures Counil

4ronyms and 400reviation AC alternating urrent ADD average daily demand AL allo2a0le lea:ageBOD Biologial O3ygen DemandCAPEX a%ital e3%enditureCBO Community?Based Organi'ationcc u0i entimeterCIP ast iron %i%ecm entimeterCOD !emial o3ygen demandCPC Certi#iate o# $u0li ConveyaneCT Contat Timecumecs u0i meters %er seonddam de:ameterDep de%reiation e3%ensesD or diam diameterdm deimeterElev elevationEV euivalent volumeF/A Fore4rea g gramsG.I. pipe 6alvani'ed iron %i%eGPM gallons %er minuteHGL !ydrauli grade linem !etometerHP !orse%o2er


57/187

HTH ig!?Test y%o!loriteIDHL "mmediately Dangerous to 5i#e and ealt!!g :ilograms!g" :ilogram #ore!m :ilometer

!Pa :ilo%asals#PIs Key %er#ormane indiatorLG$s 5oal 6overnment 7nitsLm linear meterLpcd liters %er a%ita %er dayLps liter %er seondm meter

m/ suare meter

m0 u0i meter

m0Dd u0i meters %er day

Ma%&I ma9imum allo4able net incomeMDD ma3imum day demandmg/l milligrams %er litermm millimetermld million liters %er daymm/' million liters %er !our MOA Memorandum o# 4greement

&/m ( Ne2tons %er suare meter

&GO Non?6overnment Organi'ation

&P)H net %ositive sution !ead&P)Ha net %ositive sution !ead availa0le&P)H' net %ositive sution !ead reuirement&*+ non?revenue 2ater&T$ Ne%!elometri tur0idity unitO,M o%eration and maintenaneOD outside diameterOpe% o%erational e3%ensesPa $asalPE pipe %olyet!ylene %i%ePEE* %ro%erty and eui%ment entitled to returnP&) $!ili%%ine National /tandardsP&)D+ $!ili%%ine National /tandards #or Drin:ing ater psi %ounds %er suare in!PVC pipe %olyvinyl !loride %i%eP+L %um%ing 2ater level*OI return on investment** revenue reuirements*+)A Rural ater I /anitation 4ssoiation)CBA sel#?ontained 0reat!ing a%%aratus)MA+ s!ielded metal ar 2elding


58/187


59/187

• Detailed $lans

• /%ei#iations

• Bill o# &uantities and Cost Estimates

WAT#" D#3AND

T!is C!a%ter desri0es t!e met!od o# determining t!e 2ater volumes needed 0y a ne2 small 2ater utility%roet to su%%ly t!e %o%ulation it intends to over.

ater demands are in#luened 0y t!e #ollo2ing #ators9

* /ervie levels to 0e im%lemented( /i'e o# t!e ommunity> /tandard o# living o# t!e %o%ulae+ &uantity and uality o# 2ater availa0le in t!e area8 ater tari##s t!at need to 0e s!ouldered 0y t!e onsumers; Climatologial onditions< a0its and manners o# 2ater usage 0y t!e %eo%le

S#"@I$# L#@#L D#FINITIONS

ater servie levels are lassi#ied in t!e $!ili%%ines under t!ree ty%es>, de%ending on t!e met!od 0y 2!i!t!e 2ater is made availa0le to t!e onsumers9

U 5evel " @$oint /oureA G T!is level %rovides a %roteted 2ell or a develo%ed s%ring 2it! an outlet,0ut 2it!out a distri0ution system. T!e users go to t!e soure to #et! t!e 2ater. T!is is generallyada%ta0le #or rural areas 2!ere a##orda0ility is lo2 and t!e !ouses in t!e intended servie area arenot ro2ded. 4 5evel " #aility normally serves an average o# *8 !ouse!olds 2it!in a radiuso# (8) meters.

U 5evel "" @Communal Fauet /ystem or /tand $ostsA G T!is ty%e o# system is om%osed o# a soure,

a reservoir, a %i%ed distri0ution net2or:, and ommunal #auets. 7sually, one #auet serves #our tosi3 !ouse!olds 2it!in a radius o# (8 meters. "t is generally suited #or rural and ur0an #ringe areas2!ere !ouses are lustered in su##iient density to usti#y a sim%le %i%ed system. T!e onsumersstill go to t!e su%%ly %oint @ommunal #auetA to #et! t!e 2ater.

U 5evel """ @ater2or:s /ystem or "ndividual ouse ConnetionsA G T!is system inludes asoure, a reservoir, a %i%ed distri0ution net2or:, and individual !ouse!old ta%s. "t is generallysuited #or densely %o%ulated ur0an areas 2!ere t!e %o%ulation an a##ord individual onnetions.


60/187

D#SIN "IOD

Ten?year design %eriod• 4dvantages G T!e 2ater system #ailities are a%a0le o# meeting t!e demand over a longer %eriod.

No maor investment ost is e3%eted during t!e *)year design %eriod.• Disadvantages G T!e !ig!er initial a%ital ost 2ill reuire initial tari##s to 0e set !ig!er.

D#SIN &O&!LATION

* $roeting 4nnual Munii%al 4nd Barangay 6ro2t! Rates

P p#$ =¿

1+GR¿¿

P pre$en ¿

( $roeting Munii%al 4nd Barangay $o%ulations

Pn=¿

1+GR¿¿

Po¿

> $roeting t!e $o%ulation /ervedDetermining t!e atual %otential users involves 0ut is not limited to t!e #ollo2ing ativities9

a $re%aration o# 0ase ma%s0 Oular ins%etion to gain #amiliarity 2it! t!e %!ysial and soio?eonomi onditions o# t!e

%otential servie area. Note t!at %o%ulation densities must 0e estimated Delineation o# t!e %ro%osed servie area @2!ere t!e %i%es are to 0e laidAd Determination and assessment o# t!e level o# ae%tane 0y t!e residents o# t!e %lanned

2ater system. 4 mar:et survey is reommended, in 2!i! one o# t!e uestions to 0e as:edis i# t!e res%ondent is 2illing to avail o# t!e servie, and !o2 mu! is t!e res%ondent 2illingto %ay %er mont! #or a 5evel "" or a 5evel """ servie

e 4ssessment o# t!e availa0ility and a0undanesarity o# alternative 2ater soures, su!as %rivate s!allo2 2ells, dug 2ells, sur#ae 2aters, et.

WAT#" $ONS!3&TIONS

' 7nit Consum%tions7nit onsum%tion #or domesti 2ater demand is e3%ressed in %er a%ita onsum%tion %er day. T!eommonly used unit is liters %er a%ita %er day @l%dA. "# no de#initive data are availa0le, t!e unit


61/187

onsum%tion assum%tions reommended #or 5evel "" and 5evel """ domesti usages in rural areasare as #ollo2s9

• 5evel "" $u0li Fauets9 8) ? ;) l%d @Ea! %u0li #auet s!ould serve + ? ; !ouse!oldsA

• 5evel """ ouse Connetions9 =) ? *)) l%d

"# t!ere are %u0li s!ools and !ealt! enters in t!e area, t!ey 2ill 0e su%%lied #rom t!e start o#systems o%eration and 0e lassi#ied as institutional onnetions.

Commerial esta0lis!ments an also 0e assumed to 0e served, a#ter onsultation 2it! t!esta:e!olders, 2it!in t!e 8?year %eriod. T!e unit onsum%tions o# institutional and ommerialonnetions are, in terms o# daily onsum%tion %er onnetion, usually e3%ressed in u0i meters%er day @m>dA. 7nless s%ei#i in#ormation is availa0le on t!e onsum%tions o# t!ese ty%es o#onnetions, t!e #ollo2ing unit onsum%tions #or ommerial and institutional onnetions an 0eused.

• "nstitutional Connetions9 *.) m>d• Commerial Connetions9 ).= m>d

T!is unit onsum%tion an 0e assumed to 0e onstant during t!e design %eriod underonsideration, unless availa0le in#ormation indiates ot!er2ise.

( Total Consum%tion

T!e total onsum%tion is t!e sum o# t!e domesti, institutional and ommerial onsum%tionse3%ressed in m>d.

a. Domesti Consum%tion9T!e year?0y?year total domesti onsum%tion is %roeted 0y a%%lying t!e %roeted unitonsum%tion to t!e %roeted %o%ulation to 0e served #or ea! year. T!e served %o%ulation isestimated 0y em%loying t!e mar:et survey results and t!e %lanners udgment o# t!e %otential o#t!e area.

0. "nstitutional and Commerial Consum%tion94#ter !aving onsidered t!e %ossi0le timing and num0er o# institutional and ommerialonnetions, t!e %roeted yearly onsum%tions #or ea! ategory are estimated 0y a%%lying t!eorres%onding %roeted unit onsum%tions as %resented in t!e %reeding setion.

NON4"#@#N!# WAT#" 7N"W8

Non?revenue 2ater is t!e amount o# 2ater t!at is %rodued 0ut not 0illed as a result o# lea:s, %il#erages,#ree 2ater, utility usages, et. 4n allo2ane s!ould 0e made #or t!is ategory ot!er2ise, t!e designedsoure a%aity 2ould not 0e su##iient to su%%ly t!e reuired onsum%tion o# %aying ustomers.

"n atual o%eration, t!e NR s!ould 0e a ause o# onern and s!ould 0e su0et to measures to :ee% itas lo2 as %ossi0le. For %lanning %ur%oses, !o2ever, a onservative a%%roa! s!ould 0e ado%ted. T!e


62/187

2ater demand %roetion s!ould assume t!at t!e NR o# t!e ne2 system 2ill 0e #i#teen %erent @*8HA o#t!e estimated onsum%tions. T!e %lans #igure an 0e inreased u% to a total o# ()H at t!e end o# *) years.T!ese assumed NR #igures reuire good maintenane o# utilities, %ro?ative lea:age %revention, and noillegal onnetions #or *))H reovery o# su%%lied 2ater.

WAT#" D#3AND

T!e 2ater demand is a summation o# all t!e onsum%tions given in t!e %reeding setions and 2illdetermine t!e a%aity needed #rom t!e soures. T!e average daily 2ater demand, also :no2n as t!eaverage day demand, is alulated @in m>day or l%sA #rom t!e estimated 2ater onsum%tions and t!eallo2ane #or t!e NR @e3%ressed as a %erentageA.

4 system 2it! onsum%tion o# ( l%s 2it! a *8H NR 2ill !ave an average day demand eual to

2.4 %p$= 2 %p$

(1− NRW )

* Demand Variations and Demand Fators

ater demand varies 2it!in t!e day and also 2it!in t!e year. T!is demand variation is de%endent on t!eonsum%tion %attern o# t!e loality and is measured 0y #our demand onditions 2!i! are9

U Minimum day demand9 T!e minimum amount o# 2ater reuired in a single day over a year.U 4verage day demand9 T!e average o# t!e daily 2ater reuirement s%read in a year.U Ma3imum day demand9 T!e ma3imum amount o# 2ater reuired in a single day over a year.U $ea: !our demand9 T!e !ig!est !ourly demand in a day.

( 7ses o# t!e Demand Variations

U Minimum day demand9 T!e %i%e net2or: system is analy'ed under a minimum demandondition to !e: on %ossi0le ourrene o# e3essive stati %ressures t!at t!e system mig!tnot 0e a0le to 2it!stand. No %oint in t!e transmission and distri0ution system s!ould 0esu0eted to %ressure more t!an


63/187

AppendiE $( $omputation of &opulation and Demand

WAT#" D#3AND $O3&!TATION(

Residential ater Consum%tion

%ome !ses Daily 2ater use %er %erson

6allons $erent

Toilet >( +8

Bat!ing$ersonal ygiene (* >)5aundryDis!es *+ ()

Drin:ingCoo:ing > 8

Total


64/187

Nort!ville 1 D

()*) =))) >..).(=>(=m

>

day()>) *;8.day

()++))))) galyear L year

* gal L >.

AppendiE D( 3anual $omputation of Dis.harge using %ardy4$ross 3ethod

Figure =4/?( &hase / 7Left &ortion of Northville 98


65/187


66/187

&ipe + 6ₐ :6ₐG⁸⁵ :6ₐˡG⁸⁵ 6

1< ;; *.)1 ;;.1* 1= (>1 *.;< (+8.+= ;*;.(=1 ).)811 ==( *.;< *>;+.*; ((( >.()*)< (*+ *.;< >>).8) 88*.1(= *.;;*)= ()( *.;< >*(.=; 8((.+=) *.;;*)1 (() *.;< >+).+1 8;=.;(; ).*<**) 8>+ *.;< =(8.>> *>)( ).8(

Table =4/0( Solution on $omputation of Dis.harge 7/nd Distribution8

n *.=8n?* ).=8

&ipe + 6ₐ :6ₐG⁸⁵ :6ₐˡG⁸⁵ 6

+) (.*< *+(8.=* *+(8.=** (.(( (.*< ++ ;1) ).8( >1+.>+ ()+.>*; ).+1+ (;< (.*< 8*8.


67/187

&ipe + 6ₐ :6ₐG⁸⁵ :6ₐˡG⁸⁵ 6

18 ((< *.); (>=.8> (8(.;=; *.*1; *88 *.;( (>>.88 >8 *.+1< ;; ?).8> ;8.18 ;8.18( ?*.;1= (>1 ).)8 *=.=+ ).18) ?*.*

11 ==( ).)8 ;8.(= >.)8* ).**)) 8(1.+< *=.>;; ).8*)+ ()1 ?).+* ()1.)( ()1.)(> ?).8*)8 (*( ).*< +;.;+ ; ?*.8*); (>< >.() ;>;.1> ()+).>8) *.1*)< (*+ *.;; >(1.+= 8+=.(+8 (.1*)= ()( *.;; >**.1) 8*=.11> (.1

*)1 (() ).*< +=.+1 =.***) 8>+ ).8( >)8.() *8=.*>* ).+


68/187

AppendiE #( 3anual $omputation of Dis.harge using Nodal 3ethod

Figure =4/9( &hase / 7Left &ortion of Northville 98

Table =4/1( $omputation on &ipe Dis.harges

$i%e 5 @mA d @mmA d @mA F @lsA @msA g W!#

@m>sA *8) ).*8 ).)+) ).)+ ).)) 1.=* >.*+*81 ).)()*


69/187


70/187

AppendiE F( $omputation !sing #panet

round5ater

Loop System


71/187

Figure =40=( Nodal &lan for Northville 9 7round5ater 4 Loop System8


72/187


73/187


74/187


75/187


76/187


77/187


78/187

Figure =40'( &ipe &lan for Northville 9 7round5ater 4 Loop System8


79/187

Table =4/;( Tabulation of $omputed @elo.ities for Northville 9 7round5ater Loop System8


80/187


81/187


82/187


83/187


84/187


85/187


86/187


87/187

Table =4/>( Tabulation of $omputed %eadloss 7round5ater 4 Loop System8


88/187


89/187


90/187


91/187


92/187


93/187


94/187


95/187

Loop and *ran.h System

Figure =40/( Nodal &lan of Northville 9 7round5ater 4 $ombined system8


96/187

Table =4/?( Tabulation of @elo.ities for Northville 9 7round5ater 4 $ombined System8


97/187


98/187


99/187


100/187


101/187

Figure =400( &ipe &lan for Northville 9 7round5ater 4 $ombination System8


102/187

Table =4/9( Tabilation of %eadloss for Northville 9 7round5ater 4 $ombined System8


103/187


104/187


105/187


106/187


107/187

Surfa.e Water

Loop System

Figure =401( Nodal &lan for Northville 9 7Surfa.e 5ater 4 Loop System8


108/187

Table =40=( Tabulation of Demand for Northville 9 7Surfa.e 5ater 4 Loop System8


109/187


110/187


111/187


112/187


113/187


114/187

Figure =402( &ipe &lan for Northville 9 7Surfa.e 5ater 4 Loop System8


115/187


116/187


117/187


118/187


119/187


120/187


121/187


122/187


123/187

Table =40/( Tabulation of %eadloss for Northville 9 7Surfa.e 5ater 4 Loop System8


124/187


125/187


126/187


127/187


128/187


129/187


130/187


131/187

Loop and *ran.h System

Figure =40;( Nodal &lan for Northville 9 7Surfa.e 5ater 4 $ombined System8


132/187


133/187


134/187


135/187


136/187

Figure =40>( Nodal &lan for Northville 9 7Surfa.e 5ater 4 $ombined System8


137/187

Table =400( Tabulated @elo.ties for Northville 9 7Surfa.e 5ater 4 $ombined System8


138/187


139/187


140/187


141/187


142/187

Table =401( Tabilation of %eadloss for Northville 9 7Surfa.e 5ater 4 $ombined System8


143/187


144/187


145/187


146/187


147/187

AppendiE ( &ipe Assignment

round5ater

Loop System

Table =402( &ipes "unning on "oad Lots for Loop System on round5ater

"OAD LOT*LO$+


Lm8


mm8"OAD LOT*LO$+


Lm8


mm8


+18( ())

Road lot 8Blo: *= (8 *8) Road lot ()Blo: 81 ((8 *8)

Road lot ;Blo: *1 *== ()) Road lot (*Blo: 8* G8=

=; *8)

Road lot *+; *))Road lot =Blo: (> ()< *8) Road lot (>Blo: ;( =) *8)Road lot 1Blo: < 1< *8) Road lot (+Blo: ;; *>= *))Road lot *)Blo: >* 11 *8) Road lot (8Blo: = *8)Road lot **Blo: (= G >) *)+ *8) Road lot (;Blo: 8 G >< **( *8) Road lot (+ G >; *)) *8) Road lot (=Blo: )Blo: == *8= *))

Table =40;( &ipes "unning on Alleys

ALL#B&I L#NT%



mm8ALL#B


Lm8


mm8

4lley * 1( *)) 4lley >) 8> < ( 1< * > 8< ; 1< < (=


148/187

ALL#B&I L#NT%



mm8ALL#B


Lm8


mm8

4lley (( **8 *)) 4lley += >1 **+ *)) 4lley +1 +( *)) 4lley 8) +8 ()) Road lot *;Blo: +8 *;( *8)Road lot (Blo: 1 *(8 ()) Road lot *Blo: *) **8 ()) Road lot *=Blo: 8) ((= *8)Road lot +Blo: *+ G *< *=+ *)) Road lot ()Blo: 81 ((8 *8)Road lot ;Blo: *1 *== ()) Road lot ((Blo: ;> *+; *))Road lot =Blo: (> ()< *8) Road lot (+Blo: ;; *>= *))Road lot *)Blo: >* 11 *8) Road lot (8Blo: = *8)Road lot **Blo: (= G >) *)+ *8) Road lot (;Blo: 8 G >< **( *8) Road lot (+ G >; *)) *8) Road lot (=Blo: )Blo: == *8= *))

Table =40?( &ipes "unning on Alleys for $ombined Loop 5ith *ran.h System on round5ater

ALL#B&I L#NT%



mm8ALL#B


Lm8


mm8

4lley * 1( *)) 4lley (; **)


149/187

Surfa.e 5ater

Loop System

Table =409( &ipes "unning on "oad Lots for Loop System on Surfa.e 5ater

"OAD LOT*LO$+


Lm8


mm8"OAD LOT*LO$+


Lm8


mm8


+18( ())

Road lot 8Blo: *= (8 *8) Road lot ()Blo: 81 ((8 *8)Road lot ;Blo: *1 *== ()) Road lot (*Blo: 8* G

8=

=; *8)

Road lot *+; *))Road lot =Blo: (> ()< *8) Road lot (>Blo: ;( =) *8)Road lot 1Blo: < 1< *8) Road lot (+Blo: ;; *>= *))Road lot *)Blo: >* 11 *8) Road lot (8Blo: = *8)Road lot **Blo: (= G >) *)+ *8) Road lot (;Blo: 8 G >< **( *8) Road lot (+ G >; *)) *8) Road lot (=Blo: )Blo: == *8= *))

Table =41=( &ipes "unning on Alleys for Loop System on Surfa.e 5ater

ALL#B

&I L#NT%


&I DIA3#T#"

7in millimetersmm8

ALL#B

Design of a Water Supply and Distribution System for Northville 9

Documents

Transcript of Design of a Water Supply and Distribution System for Northville 9