Design Lecture 2

8/13/2019 Design Lecture 2

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I. ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN PROCESS

The Architectural desig !rocess is orgai"ed to esure that o#$ecti%es are reached i

order of !riorit&' the highest !riorities are addressed ad the largest desig solutios are arri%ed at first(

the the details fall i !lace i cocert )ith the larger issues ad ideas. *ithout this a!!roach( the

resultig #uildig is $ust a rado+ collectio of urelated decisios.

The Classic Steps to the Process

The !rocess is t&!icall& #ro,e do) ito the follo)ig ste!s-

. Pre/Desig Phase

0. Sche+atic Desig Phase

1. Desig De%elo!+et Phase

2. Costructio Docu+ets Phase

3. 4iddig 5 Negotiatio Phase

6. Costructio O#ser%atio7Cotract Ad+iistratio Phase

Pre-Design Phase

Gather the ifor+atio ecessar& to #egi desig( ad a%oid trou#le alog the )a&.

Ser%ices +a& iclude-

8De%elo! a !rogra+ 9list of !ro$ect o#$ecti%es: ad #udget

8O#tai site sur%e& 9outside cosultat:

8O#tai se!tic aal&sis ad desig 9outside cosultat:

8I%estigate "oig regulatios ad aal&"e site for !ossi#ilities ad li+itatios

8;easure ad dra) the e


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>ig.. Co+!uter dra) i Po)erCADD o%er scaed referece dra)ig.

Schematic Design Phase

The goal of the sche+atic desig is to clearl& defie desig )ith a co+!rehesi%e sco!e(

#udget( ad schedule #efore the !ro$ect is su#+itted for a!!ro%al. I other )ords( it?s a#out deter+iig

the geeral sco!e( !reli+iar& desig( scale ad relatioshi!s a+og the co+!oets of the !ro$ect.

Durig this ti+e( the architect re%ie)s ad creates a detailed ??!rogra+?? )ith the cliet i order to

defie his eeds ad o#$ecti%es( such as si"e( fuctio( ad the relatioshi!s #et)ee s!aces( character(

ad i+age. It?s i+!ortat durig this stage to arri%e at a clearl& defied( feasi#le coce!t )hile at the

sa+e ti+e e

Prior to the iitial desig coce!ts( architects #egi #& gatherig ad aal&"ig ifor+atio ad

!erfor+ig all of the )or, ecessar& desig a !ro$ect. >or istace( the Architect !re!ares a series of

rough !las( ,o) as sche+atics( )hich sho) the geeral arrage+et of roo+s ad of the #uildig

o the site.

The e


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re%ie)s it( ad the !ro%ides his o) i!ut ad %isio for the !ro$ects #efore a!!ro%ig the sche+atic

desig. *he a agree+et is reached #et)ee the architect ad the o)er( the #asic la&out or the

sche+atic desig is fiali"ed.

Design Development Phase

Architects #egi #& creatig #asic coce!t diagra+s ad rough s,etches. Coce!tual

#raistor+ig ad e

desig of #uildig s&ste+s( #ut the e

detailed dra)ig illustratig other as!ects of the !ro!osed desig( so+eti+es )ith hel! of cosultig

egieers.

Durig this ti+e( the architect deter+ies the geeral la&out( for+( ad o%erall a!!earace of

#oth the !ro$ect ad the site. S,etches( dra)igs( ad stud& +odels are !re!ared to hel! e%aluate the

ideas ad coce!ts ad set the fial directio for refiig the desig. Oce the si"e( la&out( ad

character of the !ro$ect ad site are refied( the the architect #egis to desig feature ele+ets such as

stairs( ca#ietr&( fire!laces( ad #uilt/i furiture. Dra)igs are !re!ared )hich descri#e so+e of the

i+!ortat techical details. Plas( ele%atios( ad sectios through the house are de%elo!ed. These

iclude floor !las that sho) all of the roo+s i the correct si"es ad sha!es.

These outlie s!ecificatios are a list of the +a$or +aterials ad roo+ fiishes. The architect

the %erifies that the desig co+!lies )ith #uildig codes ad )or,s )ith egieers to desig the

structural( +echaical( ad electrical s&ste+s. Durig this stage( the architect usuall& !resets the

desig de%elo!+et ad re%ie)s the !ro$ect cost esti+atio )ith the o)er so that the o)er ca

!ro%ide his i!ut. *he a agree+et reached( this desig !hase is fiali"ed. 4& the ed of this !hase(

a large !ortio of the desig )or, is co+!leted.

Construction Documents Phase

4ased o the results of Desig De%elo!+et( !re!are the ecessar& dra)igs( )ritte

s!ecificatios ad other docu+ets eeded #& the cotractor to !rice ad #uild the !ro$ect. These are

also the docu+ets reuired for a #uildig !er+it.

Oce the o)er has a!!ro%ed the desig de%elo!+et !hase( the architect starts )or,ig o

!roducig )or,ig dra)igs ad o the s!ecificatios !roductio )here#& the desig is traslated ito


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detailed )or,ig dra)igs 9co++ol& ,o) as B#lue!rits@: ad the s!ecificatios( )hich the

Cotractor )ill use to esta#lish actual costructio costs ad #uild the !ro$ect.

These )or,ig dra)igs or #lue!rits ad s!ecificatios are !re!ared i order to defie i detail

all of the +aterials that are to #e used i the !ro$ect ad )here the& are to #e located( as )ell as ho)

the& are to #e istalled. These dra)igs ad s!ecificatios #eco+e !art of the costructio cotract.

Although this !hase is !ri+aril& iteded to )or, out the techical as!ects of the !ro$ect( so+e

desig )or, also ta,es !lace. Durig this stage( !lu+#ig fiial


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selectios of fiishes ad fis!ea,( it is the is!iratio that suddel& co+es to +id( or light of is!iratio oe recei%es after

)or,ig arduousl& o a !ro$ect see,ig for a solutio. So it +ust ot #e a +ere co!& of so+eoe@s

architectural st&le( or +ust it #e a +ere icor!oratio of architectural ele+ets fro+ so+eoe else@s


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desig. To ofte desigers do this( ad thi, the& are icor!oratig the coce!t of the source

architect. >ra, Chig i his #oo, illustrates the #asic order of architecture( ad this ca #e used to hel!

oe structure oe@s coce!t accordig to orderl& !rici!les. 4ut( it is still ot i essece the coce!t(

although +a& use it as the coce!t( the orderig !rici!le. A architectural coce!t is a docu+eted

thought( %isio( or idea a#out a architecture.

B*BB+) D($,$

I architecture( for e


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SC')$T(C D($,$

>ig.1.Sche+atic diagra+ of aarch(

e


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2. C-shaped+atri< relates three grou!s of ite+s all together si+ultaeousl&( i 1/D.

3. -shaped+atri< relates four grou!s of ite+s. Each grou! is related to t)o others i a circular

fashio.

6. oo-shaped+atri< relates oe grou! of ite+s to itself. It is usuall& used alog )ith a L/ or T/

sha!ed +atriig.2. A sa+!le of ;atri< Diagra+.

$($+ P+$(,

I architecture( it is a !la i )hich the !arts of a #uildig are orgai"ed

logitudiall&( or alog a gi%e arech )ord )hich +eas a decisio( or course of actio. At the first for+al School of

Architecture( the Ecole de 4eau< Arts i Paris( the PARTI? )as the uderl&ig sche+e of a desig. To

ad%ace i the school( studets had to !ass desig tests. At the #egiig of a test each studet )as

assiged a s+all curtaied cu#ical i a large hall ad )as gi%e a desig !ro#le+. The studets could

ot lea%e their cu#ical util the& had deri%ed a sche+atic solutio to the !ro#le+ i the for+ of a

si+!le gra!hic dra)ig called the PARTI?. The PARTI? )as the ,e!t #& the facult& )hile the studet

co+!leted a ela#orate !resetatio of the desig. The studet had a +oth or +ore to co+!lete the

!resetatio( )hich )as the $udged #& the facult&. The uderl&ig heart of the fial desig had to

+atch the sche+e of the origial PARTI?( or it )as ot graded. The elegace ad a!!ro!riateess of the


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PARTI? !ro%ided the soud foudatio for !ri"e/)iig desigs at the Ecole.

C'$)TT)

A Charette is a itese effort to sol%e a& architectural or desig !ro#le+ )ithi a

li+ited ti+e. The ter+ Charette 9little cart: a!!eared i the late JJ?s. Architecture studets at the

Ecole Des 4eau


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htt!-77))).slideshare.et7&+ahgou#7architectural/!rofessioal/!ractice/!rogra++ig

htt!-77))).ccc.edu7u!loaded>iles7Architectural0JProgra++ig0J3/3/J6.!df

htt!-77))).li,edi.co+7co+!a&7!arti?/architecture

htt!-77))).google.co+.!h7i+gladigM

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Design Lecture 2

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