Design is directed toward human beings. To design is to solve human problems by identifying them and...
-
Upload
gwen-cunningham -
Category
Documents
-
view
213 -
download
0
Transcript of Design is directed toward human beings. To design is to solve human problems by identifying them and...
![Page 1: Design is directed toward human beings. To design is to solve human problems by identifying them and executing the best solution. Ivan Chermayeff © 2012.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032600/56649dab5503460f94a9a62f/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Design is directed toward human beings. To design is to solve human problems by identifying them and executing the best solution.
Ivan Chermayeff
© 2012 Project Lead The Way, Inc.Introduction to Engineering Design
Design Criteria and Constraints
![Page 2: Design is directed toward human beings. To design is to solve human problems by identifying them and executing the best solution. Ivan Chermayeff © 2012.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032600/56649dab5503460f94a9a62f/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Design Criteria and Constraints• Design Criteria
– Performance– Product Size and Shape– Aesthetics– Materials– Safety and legal Issues– Ergonomics– Environment– Life Cycle– Durability and Maintenance
• Design Constraints• Measurable Values
![Page 3: Design is directed toward human beings. To design is to solve human problems by identifying them and executing the best solution. Ivan Chermayeff © 2012.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032600/56649dab5503460f94a9a62f/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Example Design Specification
Design a pet restraint system to keep a dog safe.
![Page 4: Design is directed toward human beings. To design is to solve human problems by identifying them and executing the best solution. Ivan Chermayeff © 2012.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032600/56649dab5503460f94a9a62f/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Criteria and Constraints
• Specific, concise written information about the requirements that must be met in order to attain the intended outcome
• Must be specific and unambiguous• Client must be involved
![Page 5: Design is directed toward human beings. To design is to solve human problems by identifying them and executing the best solution. Ivan Chermayeff © 2012.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032600/56649dab5503460f94a9a62f/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Design Criteria• The explicit requirements that a product must meet in
order to be successful• Used to evaluate a product’s potential to be successful• Used to create testing procedures• May address
− Performance− Product Size and Shape− Aesthetics− Materials− Safety and Legal Issues− Ergonomics− Environment− Life Cycle
− Maintenance− Customer Needs− Others
![Page 6: Design is directed toward human beings. To design is to solve human problems by identifying them and executing the best solution. Ivan Chermayeff © 2012.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032600/56649dab5503460f94a9a62f/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
• Specify the function of the product– What will the product need to do?
• Example: When designing a special fork lift for a warehouse,– How will the vehicle be powered?– What is the maximum speed?– On what surfaces must the vehicle operate?– What turning radius is required?– What are the dimensions of the cargo to be lifted?– What is the maximum load to be lifted?– How high must the cargo be lifted and stored?
Performance
©iStockphoto.com
![Page 7: Design is directed toward human beings. To design is to solve human problems by identifying them and executing the best solution. Ivan Chermayeff © 2012.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032600/56649dab5503460f94a9a62f/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Product Size and Shape
• Form• Dimensions• Weight
![Page 8: Design is directed toward human beings. To design is to solve human problems by identifying them and executing the best solution. Ivan Chermayeff © 2012.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032600/56649dab5503460f94a9a62f/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Aesthetics
The way that a product looks will affect marketability, especially for a consumer item.– Color– Surface Treatment– Shape– Material
![Page 9: Design is directed toward human beings. To design is to solve human problems by identifying them and executing the best solution. Ivan Chermayeff © 2012.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032600/56649dab5503460f94a9a62f/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Materials
Often chosen by the design team to meet criteria, but sometimes dictated based on special needs or availability
©iStockphoto.com
![Page 10: Design is directed toward human beings. To design is to solve human problems by identifying them and executing the best solution. Ivan Chermayeff © 2012.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032600/56649dab5503460f94a9a62f/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Safety and Legal Issues
• Human health and safety • Product liability laws expose manufacturers to
lawsuits if their products fail
©iStockphoto.com
©iStockphoto.com
![Page 11: Design is directed toward human beings. To design is to solve human problems by identifying them and executing the best solution. Ivan Chermayeff © 2012.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032600/56649dab5503460f94a9a62f/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Ergonomics
• The science of designing according to human needs
• Products should be designed for human comfort, efficiency, safety, and ease of use
![Page 12: Design is directed toward human beings. To design is to solve human problems by identifying them and executing the best solution. Ivan Chermayeff © 2012.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032600/56649dab5503460f94a9a62f/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Operating Environment– Product will encounter a wide range of
environments from manufacture to operation by the customer• Temperature range• Corrosive environments• Dust or dirt• Pressure and humidity• Vibration and noise• Degree of abuse
Environment
![Page 13: Design is directed toward human beings. To design is to solve human problems by identifying them and executing the best solution. Ivan Chermayeff © 2012.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032600/56649dab5503460f94a9a62f/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Global Environment
– What affect will the product have on the Earth’s environment?
– How will the product be disposed of?
Environment
![Page 14: Design is directed toward human beings. To design is to solve human problems by identifying them and executing the best solution. Ivan Chermayeff © 2012.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032600/56649dab5503460f94a9a62f/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Life Cycle
• Service Life: The length of time a product is expected to operate properly without need for repair
• Product Life: The length of time a product will undergo production before being replaced with a newer version
• Planned Obsolescence: A manufacturing decision by a company to make consumer products in such a way that they become out-of-date or useless within a known period.
![Page 15: Design is directed toward human beings. To design is to solve human problems by identifying them and executing the best solution. Ivan Chermayeff © 2012.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032600/56649dab5503460f94a9a62f/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Durability and Maintenance• Product should not need major repairs within the
service life• Routine maintenance should be planned• Routine maintenance should be easy
– Plan for access– Necessary tools– Replacement parts
![Page 16: Design is directed toward human beings. To design is to solve human problems by identifying them and executing the best solution. Ivan Chermayeff © 2012.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032600/56649dab5503460f94a9a62f/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Design Constraints
The limits on the design and production of a product– Resources (people, equipment, etc.)– Budget– Time– Energy– Materials– Manufacturing Process– Others
![Page 17: Design is directed toward human beings. To design is to solve human problems by identifying them and executing the best solution. Ivan Chermayeff © 2012.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032600/56649dab5503460f94a9a62f/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Measurable Values
Each criteria and constraint should be expressed with specific or measurable value(s).– Evaluation of Conceptual Designs– Testing Criteria
![Page 18: Design is directed toward human beings. To design is to solve human problems by identifying them and executing the best solution. Ivan Chermayeff © 2012.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032600/56649dab5503460f94a9a62f/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Measurable Values
Poor Specification: The device must warn the driver and slow the vehicle when the car is too close to an object.
Better: Within one second the device must warn the vehicle driver and disengage the cruise control when the car attains a distance of less than 50 ft directly between itself and another vehicle.
![Page 19: Design is directed toward human beings. To design is to solve human problems by identifying them and executing the best solution. Ivan Chermayeff © 2012.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032600/56649dab5503460f94a9a62f/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Image Resources
Microsoft, Inc. (n.d.). Clip art. Retrieved from http://office.microsoft.com/en-us/clipart/default.aspx
iStockphoto. Retrieved from www.istockphoto.com